(Професійно-орієнтований

навчальний посібник)

Укладач: Дричик В.В. – викладач  англійської мови,  спеціаліст вищої кваліфікаційної категорії викладач-методист Ковельського медичного коледжу

Посібник являє собою збірник текстів для студентів IV курсу фахових  медичних коледжів під час вивчення ними професійно-орієнтованого розділу програми англійської мови. Збірник складено згідно з програмою і навчальним планом дисципліни "Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням)" по спеціальності 223 Медсестринство освітньо-професійна програма Сестринська справа для вищих медичних (фармацевтичних) навчальних закладів І-ІІ рівнів акредитації (К., 2011).

Професійно-орієнтований навчальний посібник призначений для використання на заняттях з англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням як навчального посібника з матеріалами для самостійної роботи.

Передмова

(Preface)

Заняття з "Іноземної мови за професійним спрямуванням" вимагають від викладача значної підготовки, творчого підходу, використання різноманітних прийомів для активізації пізнавальної діяльності студентів, формування в них інтересу до вивчення мови. З цією метою був складений збірник текстів з завданнями, який буде навчальним посібником на заняттях.

Збірник текстів розраховано для студентів IV курсу медичних коледжів під час вивчення ними професійно-орієнтованого розділу програми англійської мови. Збірник складено згідно з програмою і навчальним планом по спеціальності 223 Медсестринство освітньо-професійна програма Сестринська справа.

Суть роботи: вивчити лексичний матеріал по темах, розвинути навички усного і писемного мовлення, спілкування в межах тем збірника, які є завершальною ланкою програми спеціального курсу.

За структурою збірник виконаний традиційно. За тематикою розділи співпадають з темами навчальної програми.

Основні розділи збірника текстів:

•        Вступ до спеціальності.
•        Медсестринство в кардіології.
•        Медсестринство в хірургії.
•        Медсестринство в дерматології.
•        Медсестринство в гастроентерології.
•        Медсестринство в інфекційному відділенні.
•        Медсестринство в офтальмології
•        Медсестринство в онкології.
•        Медсестринство в неврології.
•        Медсестринство в нефрології.
•        Медсестринство в психіатрії.
•        Тексти для самостійної роботи

Мета роботи: підготувати студентів до читання і розуміння літератури по спеціальності, основи якої вивчаються на ІV курсі, під час спеціального курсу; максимально розвинути навички усного і писемного мовлення, спілкування в межах тем збірника.

Збірник текстів призначений для використання на заняттях з англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням як навчального посібника з матеріалами для самостійної роботи.

Укладач: Дричик В.В. – викладач  англійської мови,  спеціаліст вищої кваліфікаційної категорії викладач-методист Ковельського фахового медичного коледжу

Contest

Lesson 1

Introduction to specialty. The profession of a nurse.

1. Read and translate the text "What is nursing?"

It’s the professional field dedicated to the treatment of patients dealing with illnesses or injuries. But there’s a lot more to nursing beyond the basic dictionary definition. Nurses need to blend textbook knowledge on how the human body functions and how to execute treatment methods with an understanding of the emotional side of their patients in order to be effective.

What do nurses do? 

What are some common nursing job duties and responsibilities?

So what do nurses do, exactly? The short answer is: a lot. They tend to the needs of patients and their loved ones, assist physicians, prepare patients for procedures and generally keep healthcare facilities running smoothly. Of course, specific duties will vary depending on the facility where they work and the specific nursing role they’re in. Pediatric nurses, for instance, will spend more of their time explaining procedures to young patients and addressing the questions of their parents.

That said, there are several nursing responsibilities that apply in nearly any role. Duties like conducting patient assessments, educating patients, administering medication and treatments, and tending to the needs of patients and their families are common across the spectrum of nursing roles.

What is the nursing process?

No matter the specialization or role, the nursing process is a unified system for all nurses to follow. Essentially it is an approach to the scientific method that is modified for the nursing profession. The American Nurses Association breaks down the nursing process into the following five steps:

Assessment: This is the first step for nearly any problem-solving approach. This refers to the systematic approach to gathering information about a patient, including physical, psychological, cultural and economic factors that may influence their diagnosis.

Diagnosis: This step is the process of weighing the information collected in the assessment step and using clinical judgment skills to identify what ails the patient, as well as any potential complicating factors. This is the foundation for starting a care plan.

Outcomes / Planning: This is the process of outlining the steps needed for patients to make progress, as well as the milestones patients may reach along the way.

Implementation: This step of the nursing process is fairly self-explanatory — it’s the actions carried out to execute a patient’s treatment plan.

Evaluation: This step is used to check in on the patient’s progress following treatment and adjust care plans as needed.

Where do nurses work?

There’s two ways to look at this question – geographically and in terms of facilities. Geographically, the nursing profession has a fairly universal spread. People need healthcare in nearly any location, which is great news for someone seeking flexibility in their working location. Whether you prefer a bustling urban center or the wide-open countryside, there’s a variety of potential opportunities available for nurses.

Nurses can also work in a variety of facilities and settings. The most common places to find nurses are hospitals, clinics, specialized treatment centers, assisted living facilities and – in the case of home healthcare nurses – potentially even your own neighbors’ homes.

Vocabulary to the text "What is Nursing?

1. physician
2. assessment
3. problem-solving approach
4. clinical judgment skills
5. outcomes
6. milestone
7. implementation
8. self-explanatory
9. evaluation
10. to adjust
11. flexibility
12. bustling urban center
13. wide-open countryside
14. home healthcare nurses

лікар

оцінка

підхід до вирішення проблем

навички клінічного судження

результати

ключовий момент

впровадження

пояснюється саме по собі

оцінка

відрегулювати

гнучкість

галасливий міський центр

широко відкрита сільська місцевість

домашні медсестри

2. Read the article “Nursing Profession” and decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) was the founder of modern nursing. She dramatically improved conditions for soldiers in field hospitals, and educated people about the importance of hygiene. She saved thousands of lives and became very famous. She later started her own training college for nurses, and wrote many books on nursing.

One hundred and fifty years ago, nurses were unpaid, untrained, and unpopular, but then Florence Nightingale made nursing into a profession. The methods she introduced in the 1850s were copied all over the world, and now nursing is a career with a three- or four-year training, qualifications, grades, unions, and pensions.

In Britain, every nurse is on a grade. The grade depends on experience and skills, and each grade has different responsibilities and pay. On the bottom grades are unqualified auxiliary nurses who do the routine work on hospital wards. On the top grades are nursing officers, who are usually administrators.

Auxiliary nurses are on the bottom grades, but student nurses get the lowest pay. However, students don’t stay at the bottom of the pay scale forever. When they qualify, they start working on a middle grade. As they get experience, they can get promotion and move up the ranks to become staff nurse, then sister (charge nurse if a man), and perhaps eventually nursing officer.

Many nurses work shifts, and often they work overtime to earn more money. After basic training, many nurses choose to do further study and become specialists. Nurses can specialize in many different fields - there are triage nurses working in Casualty, and psychiatric nurses who treat the mentally ill. There are health visitors who visit patients in their own homes, practice nurses working in GPs’ surgeries, and midwives who deliver babies.

Many of them say they do not get enough pay and respect for the work they do. They say that the work is physically and mentally hard, that they work long hours and get very tired. But they also say that there are many great rewards which have nothing to do with money.

1.     The more responsibility you have, the higher your grade. T / F
2.     Nursing officers are the same as auxiliary nurses. T / F
3.     Students are paid less than auxiliary nurses. T / F 
4.     A charge nurse is a man. T / F
5.     There are not many opportunities for British nurses to specialize.  T / F
6.     Many nurses say that the job is rewarding, but the pay is low. T / F

3.   Number these jobs from the highest grade (1) to the lowest (4).

     Two of them are equal.

1. charge nurse ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­____
2. nursing officer____ 
3. auxiliary nurse____ 
4. sister____
5. staff nurse ____ 

4.    Profile of a student nurse

1. Read this profile of a student nurse. Do you have anything in common with her?

Rossitza Bontcheva is nineteen years old. She's studying for a diploma in nursing at Vazov Nursing College. She has exams next month, so at the moment she’s studying hard. She wants to be a nurse because she likes working with people and she’s interested in science, but she really doesn’t like doing paperwork. She'd like to be a paediatric nurse because she really enjoys working with children. She's worked on a children’s ward for three months as a work placement. One day, she hopes to work in a children’s hospital in India, which she saw on television.

She’s good at talking to people and making them feel comfortable, and she's very organized. In her free time she plays the guitar, and goes out dancing most weekends.

2. Write a text about your partner, using expressions from the box.

I am interested in …

I’ve worked…

I’d like to work …

One day, I hope to…

In my free time, I …

At the moment …

I really enjoy …

I really don’t like …

I’am studying …

I’m good at …

I’m very …

I want to be a nurse   

                 because …

Next year, I …

5.    Nursing  duties. Describe what you can see in the illustrations.

1. to eat _________
2. to fill in _______
3. to look at ______
4. to look for ______
5. to read _______
6. to take _____
7. to talk (to) ______

6.     Make these adjectives negative. Use in-, un- or –im

1. attentive _________
2. friendly _________
3. caring __________
4. informed _________
5. flexible __________
6. polite ____________

7. Complete this article with adjectives from task VI. Use the positive or negative form. Then underline at least four more adjectives.

8. Learn one of these poems by heart.

I                                                                              II

With magic touch to fevered brow,

To ease your pain her only thought,

Earnest, quiet, swift and calm,

Diving wishes, praise unsought.

On silent, willing feet, she goes

Your perfect comfort first she seeks;

Her only dreams are health for you,

As she her lonely vigil keeps.

Your life! What splendid recompense

For those three golden years she gave!

An autocrat, a selfless soul,

Your stern commander, yet your slave.

N is for notable,  and willing to share

U is for understanding, she really cares

R is for reliable, right from the star

S is for sincere, with a loving heart

E is for energetic, so much to behold

                    "Nurse"

          a special one is she

      more precious than gold

Lessons 2-3

Nursing in cardiology.  Сare for patients of cardiological department.

Participation of the medical nurse of the patient's examination.

1. Read and translate the text.

Cardiac nursing is a specialty focused on preventing and treating conditions related to the heart. Like other nursing specialties, a profession in cardiac nursing requires an understanding of normal cardiac anatomy and physiology, keen assessment and monitoring skills, vast knowledge about cardiac disease and conditions, and ongoing education related to recommended prevention methods and treatment options. Cardiac nurses may work in inpatient or outpatient settings, care for medical or surgical patients, and see patients through acute illness or help them manage chronic disease.

What Is a Cardiac Care Nurse?

Cardiac care nurses treat and care for patients with a variety of heart diseases or conditions. This can include patients suffering from coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure, or those recovering from angioplasty or bypass surgery. Cardiac care nurses monitor the hearts of patients of all ages and may help administer heart medications and perform stress-test evaluations on a regular basis, or take care of more urgent heart issues, such as assisting in defibrillation. This type of nurse works closely with a cardiologist to expedite quality care for heart patients.

Becoming a Cardiac Nurse

RNs who want to go into cardiac care nursing must first gain some hands-on experience. Nurses with a clinical care background are well poised to enter cardiac care, as they typically have experience handling acute injuries and illnesses. A medical-surgical background is also helpful, as many cardiac care nurses look after patients who have just gone through heart surgery. Communication skills are also a big part of the cardiac care nurse's job, as situations can be urgent and miscommunication between the patient and the care team could cause major problems.

Where Do Cardiac Care Nurses Work?

Most often, cardiac care nurses work in hospitals taking care of cardiac patients in post-op environments. They can also work in cardiovascular centers, private clinics, or home health agencies. Nursing homes, correctional facilities, schools, and the military are other places where cardiac care nurses may find employment.

What Does a Cardiac Nurse Do?

Cardiac care nurses provide ongoing care to help patients manage heart conditions, such as administering medication and performing health assessments, as well as providing post-op care to patients who are recovering from heart surgeries. They perform stress-test evaluations, monitor heart activity and electrocardiograms, and insert IV drips. Pain management post-surgery is a big part of their job, as well as helping patients manage discomfort from heart issues.

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Cardiac Care Nurse?

•      Perform health assessments on cardiac patients
•      Administer medication
•      Perform stress test evaluations
•      Provide cardiac and vascular monitoring
•      Treat chronic health conditions
•      Monitor electrocardiogram readings
•      Provide post-op care following bypasses, pacemaker implants, and other heart surgeries
•      Insert and remove IV drips
•      Monitor use of a defibrillator
•     Work alongside cardiologists and surgeons to provide cardiac care

Vocabulary to the text "Cardiac Nurse"

1. to require
2. assessment
3. vast
4. ongoing option
5. inpatient setting
6. outpatient setting
7. congestive heart failure
8. bypass surgery
9. stress-test evaluation
10. urgent heart issues
11. hands-on experience
12. clinical care
13. medical-surgical background
14. to poise
15. miscommunication
16. post-op environments
17. correctional facilities
18. pacemaker

вимагати

оцінка

величезний

постійний варіант

стаціонарне лікування

амбулаторне лікування

застійна серцева недостатність

шунтування

оцінка стрес-тесту

невідкладні проблеми з серцем

практичний досвід

клінічна допомога

медико-хірургічна обстановка

врівноважувати

неправильне спілкування

післяопераційне середовище

виправні установи

кардіостимулятор

2.                      Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the Word Bank.

vaccine, annual physical, point of entry board,

certified, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse

1. Jim cannot practice medicine legally because he is not a (n) ________ physician.
2. A (n) cannot prescribe medications, but he or she can give them to patients.
3. At his_________, Ryan’s doctor told him to lose some weight.
4. A(n) _________ can prevent the spread of diseases like polio.
5. Erica’s__________in to the medical system was her family doctor.
6. A (n)__________ will clean this cut and put a bandage on it.

3.   Match the words (1-6) with definitions (A-E).

1. injection
2. licensed
3. prescribe
4. patient flow
5. electronic health 

                     record

6. nurse practitioner

A having a document saying that a person can do a job

B a medical worker who can diagnose illnesses

C medicine put into a person’s body

D a patient’s medical history, stored on a computer

E the rate at which a person moves through the health care                                                                                    

                                                                                        system

F to recommend a type of medication

4. Complete this text with first, second, third, then and finally.

Removing sutures

Before removing sutures, it is important to follow these directions. When removing sutures, put on an apron. If you have long hair, be sure it is tied back securely. (1) ______, explain to the patient that you are going to remove their sutures (the patient will probably use the word stitches). (2) ______, ask the patient if he or she is comfortable. The patient may ask if it will hurt. Reassure the patient that removing sutures doesn't hurt. (3) ______, wash and dry your hands. Then prepare some gauze, cleansing solution and a stitch cutter on a sterile tray. (4) ______, put your hand inside a sterile waste bag and use it like a glove to remove the bandage from the sutures. Turn the sterile bag inside out so that the bandage is now inside the bag. Put on sterile gloves. (5) ______, look at each suture and check for inflammation around them.

5.   Match the words in bold in Task IV to illustrations A-H

     _____________        _______________         ________________        _____________

6. Read the text in Task IV again. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?  

   Correct the false sentences.

1. Patients prefer the word sutures to stitches. T / F
2. It always hurts when you remove stitches. T / F
3. You should use a sterile bag like a glove to remove the bandage. T / F
4. You should put on gloves after you remove the bandage. T / F
5. You should check for inflammation after you remove the sutures. T / F

7.      Read the article and translate it.

Heart disease is one of some leading causes of the deaths in the world. Every year, it is responsible for one in four deaths, killing more people than cancer. Taking care of the heart and the cardiovascular system should be a top priority for everyone – and the importance of heart health is not lost on the healthcare system.

Given that the heart and the system supporting it is so important, it should be no surprise that there are healthcare professionals of all stripes who specialize in cardiology. Cardiac care nurses treat and care for patients with a variety of heart diseases or conditions. If you are curious about what it’s like to be a cardiac nurse, then keep reading. We’ve detailed the specialty to help you see what makes cardiac nursing so vital.

Cardiac nurses, also called cardiovascular nurses or cardiology nurses, are registered nurses (RNs) who have specialized in the cardiovascular system. They work with patients who have heart problems by following the treatment plan a cardiologist assigns, monitoring patient progress and administering medication to help the healing process.

The daily tasks of a cardiac nurse can vary based on the work setting. Cardiac nurses working in acute care scenarios might spend a lot of time around the defibrillator, for example—responding to patients in cardiac arrest. Cardiac nurses working in a surgical setting will spend lots of time preparing patients for surgery and helping them recover afterwards. Another top skill employers seek is telemetry, a skill set for monitoring patient vital signs in acute care with an electrocardiogram or similar device. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) is the third most-wanted skill for cardiac nurses.

8. Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Heart disease is one of some leading causes of the deaths in the world. T / F
2. Cardiac care nurses treat and care for patients with cancer. T / F
3. Cardiac nurses, also called cardiovascular nurses or cardiology nurses, are registered nurses who have specialized in the respiratory system. T / F
4. The daily tasks of a cardiac nurse can vary based on the work setting. T / F
5. Cardiac nurses working in a сardical setting will spend lots of time preparing patients for surgery and helping them recover afterwards. T / F
6. As with nearly any nursing job, direct patient-care skills are highly desirable. T / F

9. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the Word Bank.

                                            stent,  harden,  cholesterol, smoking,  bypass

1. Cholesterol can cause arteries to____________ leading to atherosclerosis.
2. ____________ is a major risk factor for heart disease.
3. The man required major________ surgery to increase blood flow to the heart.
4. The surgeon inserted a_________ to keep the artery open.
5. Eating many fatty foods can significantly increase your ___________ levels.

10.   Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E).

1. heart disease 
2. atherosclerosis 
3. coronary artery disease
4. angioplasty
5. arrhythmia

A a heart condition in which fatty materials accumulate in 

                                                        arteries and harden their walls

B a condition where the arteries become blocked and narrow, 

                which prevents sufficient blood from reaching the heart

C a surgical procedure that widens an obstructed blood vessel

                                             by inserting a balloon and inflating it

D a term for a group of illnesses involving irregular electrical                       

                                                                       activity in the heart

E a term for a group of illnesses that affect the heart

11. When a patient is in recovery, a nurse has to take certain actions.

Read these notes and put the actions in the correct order.

____ Check the patients airway is open and clear.

____ Compare the patients vital signs with the anaesthesiologists report.

____ Check the identity of the patient.

____ Listen to the anaesthesiologist give their report.

____ Introduce yourself.

____ Take the patients vital signs every 15minutes.

12.      Read this conversation between a nurse and a patient and match the words   in bold (1-8) to words with a similar meaning (a-h).

A: Mr Liber, it's time to (1) remove your (2) stitches.

B: Will this hurt?

A: You may just feel a (3) pull. Are you sitting comfortably?

B: Yes.

A: First, I'm just going to clean your wound. There. It looks good. The cut (4) healed nicely  – no signs of infection.

B: That's good news.

A: Now I'll just (5) cut the suture near the knot, like this. With these (6) scissors I'll just pull out the stitch. How was that?

B: Fine – no problem.

A: Great. Now I'll just clean the wound again ... and put some tape on your skin. Be sure not to (7) take off the tape.

B: OK. Can I take a bath?

A: It's better to shower for the first week to let it (8) get better.

B: OK, thanks.

a) stich cutter ____

b) heal ____

c) joined up ____

d) pull off ____

e) take out ____

f) snip ____

g) sutures _____

h) tug ____

Lessons 4-5

Nursing in surgery.  Preparation of the patient for operation.

Сare for patients in postoperative  period. Surgical equipment.

1. Read and translate the text "Surgical Nurse"

A surgical nurse is a nursing professional that is trained to be able to assist during both routine and difficult surgical procedures. These types of nurses can be found around operating tables all across the word, assisting surgeons with both elective and life-saving procedures.

What Is a Surgical Nurse?

    With amazing advances in the world of medicine, surgical procedures are much safer and more common today than ever before. Nevertheless, they still require a knowledgeable and skilled team to pull off a successful surgery, as one slip or mistake during these procedures can mean the difference between life and death. This is why surgical teams only choose the most well-trained and competent doctors and nurses, whom are compensated very well for their expertise and time.

While a career as a surgical nurse may be rather lucrative, it’s still not for the faint of heart. It often requires long hours, stressful situations, and exposure to some of life’s more unpleasant sights. Despite this, many people each year pursue surgical nursing careers, not just for the salary, but for the personal rewards it brings.

If surgeons are considered leaders of a surgical team, surgical nurses can be thought of as the backbones of these teams. They are there from the very beginning of the procedure to the very end. In fact, without surgical nurses, it would be almost impossible for surgeons to do their jobs well. These specialty nurses assist with all sorts of tasks before, during, and after surgical procedures.

Besides assisting with just general surgical procedures, most surgical nurses choose to specialize in one area. This can be an area such as obstetrics, pediatric surgery, or cardiac surgery, among others.

What Does a Surgical Nurse Do?

As mentioned above, surgical nurses typically assist with all aspects of a surgical procedure.

Before surgery, a surgical nurse may be required to work closely with the patient. This may involve explaining the procedure, giving pre-procedure instructions, and reassuring the patient. A surgical nurse will also usually have a hand in prepping a patient for surgery. This might involve measuring and recording the patient’s vital signs, starting intravenous lines, administering any medications, assisting the anesthesiologist and nurse anesthetist, and sterilizing and marking the incision sites.

Once a surgical procedure has begun, surgical nurses – along with the rest of the surgical team – will rarely have time for a moment’s rest. They must be vigilant and on their toes at all times. Surgical nurses are often charged with tasks such as monitoring patients’ vital signs, passing instruments to the surgeons, and running surgical equipment during the course of a procedure. If a patient’s vital signs start to behave erratically, it is the duty of the surgical nurse to alert the other members of the team. In the event of an emergency, surgical nurses might also be required to perform life saving maneuvers.

Surgical nurses are also often charged with making sure that the immediate post-surgical care goes as smoothly as possible. They will often help transport the patients to recovery rooms or intensive care units, where they will then monitor them and care for them. A surgical nurse might be required to change a patient’s dressings, administer medications, and follow any post-operative care instructions given by the surgeon.

Where Do Surgical Nurses Work?

Surgical nurses can most often find employment in hospitals with surgical wards and operating rooms, as well as trauma and emergency care centers. Besides working in these areas, you will also often be able to find employment in recovery rooms and intensive care units.

Become a Surgical Nurse

Before you can become a surgical nurse, you will usually need to become a registered nurse. This involves earning your nursing degree and passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). Experience working in an intensive care unit or recovery room is also recommended, but it may not be essential. You will also be required to obtain additional education – usually a minimum of a master’s degree – as well as complete an internship, residency, or fellowship in a surgical ward.

Vocabulary to the text "Surgical Nurse"

1. amazing advances
2. lucrative
3. prepping a patient
4. be vigilant
5. vital signs
6. to behave erratically
7. as smoothly as possible
8. nursing degree
9. National Council Licensure Examina-tion for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN)
10. master’s degree
11. internship
12. residency
13. fellowship

дивовижні досягнення

прибутковий

підготовка пацієнта

будьте пильні

життєво-важливі ознаки

поводитися нестабільно

максимально плавно

кваліфікація медсестри

Ліцензійний іспит Національної ради для зареєстрованих медсестер

диплом магістра

стажування (інтернатура)

резидентура

спілкування

2.       Match the abbreviations (1-6) to theirmeanings (a-f).

1. RTA
2. GCS
3. neuro obs.
4. oxigen sats _/ SaO₂
5. NAD
6. Prn

a Glasgow Coma Scale; records the conscious state of a patient

b Non-Adhesive Dressing

c measure of the amount of oxygen which is loaded or saturated into the red  blood cells as they pass through the lungs

d from the Latin pro re nota: take whenever required

e observations which assess neurological function, include a GCS assessment

f road traffic accident

3. Complete the following sentences using the words in the box.

hurts    throbbing   hurt   knife   stinging

1.      My arms________where the cuts are.
2.      I've got a________headache.
3.      My right cheek_______when I touch it.
4.      It’s a pain in the shallow cuts.
5.      This cut in my chest is quite deep, and the pain’s like a ___________ . 

4. Match the medical terms (1-5) to their meanings (a-e).

1. thrombus
2. anti-embolic
3. DVT
4. anticoagulant
5. coagulation

1. the process of blood dotting
2. deep vein thrombosis
3. usually refers to a medication which inhibits the formation     

                                                                                  of  thrombosis

4. solid mass which forms in blood vessels; also called a blood clot
5. stops an embolus from forming

5. Read and  translate the pamphlet on surgery:

Before Your Operation: What You need to Know

It is common to feel nervous before surgery. While there are risks involved in any operation, it is important for you to feel calm, and confident in your surgeons. This pamphlet will help you prepare for your procedure.

You will meet with several doctors pre-op to discuss the details of your operation. Surgical preparation depends on the patient and the procedure. A heart transplant is quite a different operation than the resection of a lung tumor or gall bladder excision. In any case, an anesthesiologist will speak to you about being put to sleep during the operation. You will likely be under anesthesia the entire time you are in the operation room.

Surgeons have many tools to help them perform their tasks. Be assured these tools are sterile, with replaceable parts changed between each operation. Scalpels help surgeons make very precise incisions and other cuts, while clamps temporarily hold things together. When you wake up, you will have sutures holding your incisions together. Your surgeon will tell you when these can be removed.

After the operation you will awake in the recovery room to begin the post-op healing process. This will involve regular medication and follow-up visits to your surgeon and other doctors.

Read the pamphlet on surgery once more. Then,choose the correct answers.

1.  What is the purpose of the handout?

A to reduce the risks of surgery

В to get patients’ consent for surgery

C to provide instructions for post-op recovery

D to inform patients about the events surrounding surgery

2.  Which of the following does NOT occur before surgery?

A An anesthesiologist speaks to the patient.

В Surgical instruments are sterilized.

C A surgeon discusses the details of the procedure

D  The sutures are put in place.

3.  What is the purpose of scalpels?

A to make very precise cuts

В to allow incisions to heal

C to sterilize surgical tools

D to make a patient unconscious

6. Match the words (1-8) with the definitions (A-H).

1. sterile
2. clamp
3. surgery
4. transport
5. excision
6. scalpel
7. suture
8. anesthesia

A the act of moving an organ from one body to another

В a medical specialty that involves the use of manual and instrumental

                                                         techniques  to treat a disease or injury

C a medical method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain

D a stitch used to hold tissue together

E free of all living microorganisms

F the complete removal of an organ, tissue, or tumor from the body

G a device used to hold objects in place

H a very sharp knife used to make incisions and other cuts

7. Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks.

1.      surgeon / anesthesiologist

A The________ will make sure you are unconscious during the operation.

В This ________ has performed hundreds of resections.

2.      pre-op / post-op

A An important _______ guideline is not to eat for 12 hours before surgery.

В In the recovery room a nurse will give you medications to take  _________ .

3.      recovery room / operating room

A Visitors can see patients in the  ________ after surgery.

В Please prepare the ___________ for the next procedure.

4.      resection / operation

A The__________ of this tumor should save the rest of the patient’s lung.

В Please be here at 6:30 in the morning for the ____________. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­                          

VIII. Read the article “5 Things to Know about Surgical Nursing” and translate it.

1. Scrub or circulate?

Surgical nurses care for patients before, during and after surgery. Some nurses will prepare the patient for surgery, others serve during the actual procedure and additional nurses work in the recovery area. During the surgery itself, there are two main roles for nurses: scrub nurse and circulating nurse. There may be just one nurse in each of these roles, or there may be multiple, depending on the complexity of the case.

Scrub nurses literally scrub their hands and arms with surgical soap and don a surgical gown and gloves. They anticipate the surgeon’s needs, selecting and passing instruments and supplies.

The circulating nurse acts a runner and helps out wherever needed. This is the person who walks around the perimeter of the room and is the monitor of everything going on. They’re the helper for anesthesia, the help for the scrub person. They answer phones and beepers and bring you supplies. If you drop something, they pick it up and re-sterilize it and bring it back.

2. Organization is a must.

Surgical nurses are part of a well-orchestrated team that also includes staff doctors, anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists, surgeons, surgery techs and maybe even residents or medical students. Everyone has a job, and everything has a place. That makes surgical nursing a great fit for nurses who love order and organization.

Surgery is a very controlled, disciplined environment. Complications do arise, but even during those moments, the sense of planning and protocol is palpable.

3. Teamwork is crucial.

One of the most important prerequisites for a surgical nurse is the ability to work in a team setting. For example, if you’re scrubbed in, you can’t go get your supplies out of the other room – you have to depend on the circulating nurse.

4. There’s a lot to learn – but also a lot of places you can go.

While nursing school provides a solid foundation, the bulk of what you need to know about tools and techniques comes from one-on-one training with a preceptor.

You have to put a lot of time in it, to learn all the different instruments and procedures. I can tell you it’s probably two years before you feel really comfortable in the OR.

Once you’re trained, however, you’ve got lots of options. There’s a ton of stuff you can do with it – outpatient surgery center, OR, be on call on the weekends.

Perioperative nurses can also choose to specialize even further, into orthopedic, cardiovascular, neuro or other surgical subspecialties.

5. It’s not the easiest specialty to break into, but it’s not impossible

It’s not very common for a new graduate to be hired for a perioperative nursing position. A more likely scenario is for a new nurse to gain a few years of experience and then transition into the specialty.

For nurses who are interested in making a similar transition into the OR, Prof. Armbruster suggests you take a few steps. First, express the interest. If you say it enough times, people might hear you and there might be a possibility out there. Next, prove to others that you’ve got the right stuff – meaning a collaborative personality and can-do attitude.

Do everything and anything they ask you to do in your current job. If they tell you to assist in this or that, go do it. Never say ‘no’ to anything. The more willing you are to do things, the more they’ll see that you’re willing and able to be trained in a whole other nursing area.

Vocabulary to the text "5 Things to Know about Surgical Nursing"

1. scrub nurse
2. circulate nurse
3. crucial
4. OR (operatong room)
5. perioperative  nurse
6. to be hired
7. collaborative
8. can-do attitude

операційна сестра

месестра

вирішальний

операційна (кімната)

післяопераційна медсестра

бути прийнятим на роботу

спільний,

вміння робити, старанність, позитивний настрій

9. Complete the following strategies for allaying anxiety in a patient using the words in the box.

involve  rapport  normal  anxiety  reassuring  avoid

1.      Establish a __________ with the patient, as this helps to decrease the feeling of depersonalisation and isolation.
2.      Use a calm________approach.
3.      Explain that anxiety is a______reaction.
4.      Help identify situations which cause _________for example fear of anaesthesia.
5.      Try to ___________ words which increase anxiety; for example, use discomfort rather than pain.
6.      Try to ___________ the patient in decision-making wherever possible, as this decreases the sense of loss of control.

10. Match the medical terms (1-6) to their meanings (a-f).

1. gallbladder
2. laparoscope
3. anaesthetic
4. PCA 
5. overdose 
6. lock-out time

a drug which blocks pain, other sensations before an operation  is

                                                                                              performed

b safety measure which prevents patients from continually 

                     obtaining analgesia by pressing a patient-control button

c  patient-controlled analgesia

d surgical instrument which is inserted into the abdomen to 

                                                          visualise  the abdominal organs

f  taking excess amounts of medication with serious health

                                                                                      consequences

e  abdominal organ which stores bile  

11. Match the list of instruments and equipment to these descriptions.

List of instruments & equipment

bandage; catheter; curette; drain; forceps; gag; hook; pipette; probe; scalpel; sling; splint; stethoscope; stretcher; syringe; thermometer; tourniquet; wheelchair

1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. ____
6. ____
7. ____
8. ____
9. ____
10. ___
11. ___
12. ___
13. ___
14. ___
15. ___
16. ___
17. ___
18. ___

1. a chair with wheels in which an invalid can sit and move around
2. a small, sharp pointed knife used in surgery
3. an instrument used to explore inside a cavity or wound
4. an instrument similar to a pair of scissors, used for holding and pulling
5. a long spoon, used for scraping the inside of an organ
6. a thin glass tube used for taking and measuring samples of liquids
7. a device used to constrict an artery and reduce the flow of blood
8. an instrument with a bent end, used for holding structures apart
9. a tube used to remove liquid from the body or the site of an operation
10. an instrument which is placed between a patient's teeth to stop him closing

                                                                                                              his mouth

11. a tube with a plunger which slides inside it, forcing the contents out through a  

                                                                                                                      needle

12. a tube which is passed into the body along one of the passages
13.       a piece of cloth which is wrapped wound a wound or injured limb
14. a triangular piece of cloth attached around the neck, used to support a broken          

                                                                                                                        arm                      

15. a folding bed, with handles, on which an injured person can be carried by two  

                                                                                                                        people

16. a stiff support attached to a limb to prevent a broken bone from moving
17. two earpieces connected to a tube and a metal disc, used to listen to sounds

                                                                                                         inside the body

18. a device used for measuring temperature

Lessons 6-7

Nursing in dermatology.  

 Сare for patients of burn department. Contagious skin diseases.

1. Read and translate the text "Dermatological Nursing"

What Is a Dermatology Nurse?

Dermatology nurses specialize in the treatment and care of a variety of skin diseases and conditions. Working in a wide range of settings, including hospitals, dermatology clinics and plastic surgeons' offices, dermatology nurses provide care for patients with psoriasis, skin cancer, burn wounds and acne among many other skin conditions. Dermatology nurses may also specialize in cosmetic dermatology, performing various procedures such as laser treatments and chemical peels.

Where Do Dermatology Nurses Work?

There are a number of settings in which dermatology nurses work, including:

•    burn units within hospitals
•    private clinics
•    dermatology practices
•    plastic surgeons' offices

What Does a Dermatology Nurse Do?

Dermatology nurses work with the medical team to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of different skin injuries and conditions. Dermatology nurses assist in performing skin exams, documenting current patient’s conditions, taking vital signs, recording medical history, and obtaining lab specimens and results. They work very closely with physicians on a daily basis and responsibilities can vary depending on the skill level of the nurse. 

Dermatology nurses are responsible for educating patients and their caregivers on how to care for skin conditions and recover from treatments once the patient has returned home.

Some of the most common skin conditions they help diagnose and treat are:

•   Burns
•   Skin Cancer
•   Warts
•   Acne
•   Impetigo
•   Rosacea
•   Psoriasis
•   Moles

COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY

Cosmetic Dermatology, while not entirely a new field, has become one of the fastest-growing medical fields in the last decade.

The goal of cosmetic dermatology is to attain and maintain healthy, natural skin. Treatments can range from deep cleansing, refreshing, rejuvenating, and restoring skin texture and tone, to reducing skin imperfections. These imperfections can be caused by:

•   Acne
•   Age Spots
•   Birthmarks
•   Lines and wrinkles
•   Melasma
•   Moles
•   Skin discoloration

                   (sun spots)

•   Skin tags
•   Stretch marks

Cosmetic dermatology nurses will also assist with the following procedures:

•   Laser Hair Removal
•   Tattoo removal
•   Chemical peels
•   Scar removal
•   IPL photofacials
•   Laser skin resurfacing
•   Dermal fillers and  

                      injectables

•   Hair loss restoration
•   Laser skin tightening

An increasing number of general dermatology practices and branching into cosmetic dermatology due to the demand and endless financial possibilities.

For this reason, the growth in this aspect of the field is exponentially greater than conventional dermatology practices. A general rule of thumb is the increase in the number of services an office can provide to patients – the greater the opportunities for the nursing staff.  

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Dermatology Nurse?

Assist in the performance of skin exams, and monitor and record a patient's medical history and test results

Provide pre- and post-operative care for patients undergoing treatment for a variety of skin conditions and diseases

Perform various cosmetic dermatology procedures, such as chemical peels

Assess, monitor and treat skin wounds, including burns

Educate patients on how to protect their skin and how to care for skin diseases and conditions at home

Vocabulary to the text "Nursing in dermatology"

1.     burn wound
2.     burn unit
3.     warts
4.     acne
5.     impetigo
6.     rosacea
7.     psoriasis
8.     moles
9.     age spots
10. birthmarks
11. lines and wrinkles
12. melasma
13. skin discoloration

                  (sun spots)

14. skin tags
15. stretch marks
16. IPL photofacials

 (Intensive Pulse Light) 

17.  laser skin tightening

опікова рана

опікове відділення

бородавки

вугрі

імпетиго (висип на шкірі)

розацеа

псоріаз

родимки

вікові плями

родимки

дрібні та глибокі зморшки

мелазма (надлишок чорного пігменту в шкірі)

зміна кольору шкіри (сонячні плями)

папіломи

розтяжки

лазерне прибирання плям на обличчі

лазерне підтягування шкіри

ІІ. All these sentences describe patients and their conditions. Complete the sentences using the nouns in the box.

Nouns

accident ambulance biopsy consent effort examination excess injection intake

intolerance overdose paroxysm programme rash surgery tendency vaccination

whisper exercise recurrence

1.     He developed an ___________ to penicillin.
2.     He suffered from a ___ ____________ of coughing in the night.
3.     She went into a coma after an ____________ of heroin.
4.     He had to undergo major __________  on his heart.
5.     She took a ____________ of steroid treatment.
6.     He had a _______________ of a fever which he had caught in the tropics.
7.     There is a ________________ to obesity in her family.
8.     The X-ray ______________ showed the presence of a tumour in his colon.
9.     She had an __________ to ease the pain in her leg.
10.     He doesn't take enough ______: that's why he's fat.
11.     The injured man was taken away in an __________.
12.     She was advised to reduce her __________ of sugar.
13.     The __________ of the tissue from the growth showed that it was benign.
14.     The parents gave their _____ for their son’s heart to be used in the transplant operation.
15.     She has a sore throat and can only speak in a __________.
16.     It took her a lot of ____ _________ even to walk a short distance.
17.     Her body could not cope with an _________ of blood sugar.
18.     He has been an invalid since he had the ______ six years ago.
19.     The _________ has left a little bump on her left arm.
20.     The ________ has left red marks on his chest and back.

ІІІ. All the answers in this crossword are parts of the body.

Across

1. Joins the femur to the tibia (4)

6. The first part of the small intestine (8)

8. Similar to 1 across, but in the arm (5)

10. It grows on your head (4)

11. The upper chambers of 18 across (5)

12. Breathing organs (5)

15. They carry blood to 11 across (5)

17. See you (3)

18. The organ which moves blood around your body (5)

21. Cell in the nervous system which transmits impulses (6)

22. An organ which secretes substances which act elsewhere in the body (5)

24. A substance which stores energy (3)

25. It keeps your outside in (4)

26. Type of nerve ending (8)

27. For hearing with (3)

Down

1. It cleans your blood (6)

2. A bag (7)

3. Without arms, legs or head (5)

4. A major artery (5)

5. Connected to 8 across, funnily enough (7)

7. Cavity in 16 down (5)

9. Narrow part of the body below the chest (5)

12. The major detoxicating organ (5)

13. The hard part of a finger or toe (4)

14. Cheekbone (6)

16. Protects the brain (5)

18. At the end of your arm (4)

19. The throat or neck, major artery (7)

20. Finger joints (8)

23. Bundle of fibres which take impulses from one part of the body to another (5)

24. At the end of your leg (4)

IV. Test your medical abbreviations. Check the ones know in the dictionary.

1.                A&E ..................................
2.                AIDS ..................................
3.                BMR ..................................
4.                CAT ..................................
5.                CHD ..................................
6.                D&V ..................................
7.                DOA ..................................
8.                GP  
9.                HAV ..................................
10.           HIV  
11.           MD  
12.           OTC ..................................
13.           PM  
14.           PMA ..................................
15.           PMT ..................................
16.           RQ  
17.           RSI  
18.           SAD  
19.           SIDS ..................................
20.           STD  
21.           TB  
22.           TBI  
23.           UV  ...............
24.           VDH ..................................
25.           WHO .................................

V. Read and translate the text "Burn Care Nurse" and answer the questions

What Is a Burn Care Nurse?

Where Do Burn Care Nurses Work?

What Does a Burn Care Nurse Do?

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Burn Care Nurse?

                                           A burn care nurse specializes in the care of patients who suffer from burn injuries, and in many cases, have also experienced other kinds of trauma. The burn care nurse treats and monitors burn wounds, and plays a critical role in the assessment of emotional and psychological trauma that so often accompanies a burn injury. This specialty calls for a wide range of clinical skills including triage, pain management, critical care, and trauma recovery.

Burn care nurses work primarily in the Burn Care Unit (BCU) or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of hospitals. They may also work in a hospital's Emergency Room or Trauma Center, as well as in outpatient facilities that provide ongoing care and rehabilitation services for patients recovering from burn injuries.

Burn care nurses treat a wide range of patients who are suffering from different types of burn injuries, which may include chemical or electrical wounds as well as accidental and non-accidental traumas, such as an automobile or household accidents. Burn care nurses use a variety of equipment and techniques to clean, bandage, and monitor burn wounds, as well as educate the patient and their caretakers on the ongoing treatment and dressing of burns, pain management techniques, and how to prevent infection. They also play an important role in monitoring the patient's emotional wellbeing and recommending additional mental health care interventions when appropriate.

Roles and Duties of a Burn Care Nurse:

•    Stabilization of acutely burned patients
•    Assess, dress and monitor burn wounds
•    Maintain patient's comfort, assess pain levels and assist in pain management
•    Administer medications intravenously, by injection, orally or by other methods
•    Monitor the patient's emotional well-being and determine whether mental health interventions are needed
•    Educate the patient's family and other caretakers in ongoing burn wound care, rehabilitation procedures and provide emotional support
•    May also help educate the community-at-large about burn prevention techniques and best practices.

Vocabulary to the text  "Сare for patients of burn department"

1. burn injury
2. ongoing care
3. assess
4. caretaker
5. community-at-large

опікова травма

постійний догляд

оцінити

доглядач

громада в цілому

VI. Some words have more than one meaning. In the table below nineteen meanings appear in the column on the left. Match each meaning to one of the seven words across the top.

7. Read and translate the text "Contagious Skin Diseases"

Your skin is your body’s armor, protecting it from harmful environmental forces. But sometimes, viruses, bacteria or fungi penetrate skin and cause infections. These infections are called contagious skin diseases. Here's a list of common contagious skin diseases, their causes and symptoms.

• Impetigo – This infection is spread by contact with the sores of an infected person, and most often affects infants and children. – Red sores around the nose, mouth, hands and feet. Honey-colored crusts develop after the sores rupture. Impetigo may cause mild itching and soreness.
• Molluscum contagiosum – This virus spreads to other body parts by scratching or from person to person. In adults, molluscum contagiosum is often acquired through sexual contact. – Small, firm bumps that are pink or skin-colored with a dimpled center. They turn red as the immune system fights the infection. Some bumps may itch but are otherwise painless. Molluscum contagiosum often appears on the face, neck, hands, arms and armpits.
• Fungal infections – People get fungal infections from breathing in or brushing up against fungal spores in the environment. Most often they affect people with weakened immune systems. – Rash in moist areas of the body where skin rubs up against skin, such as between the toes, under the breasts and in the genital area.
• Athlete’s foot – The fungus that causes athlete’s foot is often found on damp surfaces such as around a swimming pool or public showers. – A cracked or blistered rash that causes stinging, itching and burning and possibly an unpleasant odor. Usually starts between the toes but can also appear on the soles and sides of the feet, and can spread to the toenails, groin and armpits.
• Scabies – This infection is caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the skin to live and feed. The infection spreads from skin-to-skin contact or from infested items such as furniture and bed linens. – Itching that keeps you up at night, rash with small bumps that look like hives, sores from scratching that can become infected, and crusty areas in severe cases. Mites can burrow anywhere on the body but prefer between the wrists, elbows, fingers, around fingernails, the buttocks, belt line, penis and around the nipples.
• Ringworm – You can get this fungal infection from skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal. – A fungal infection that starts as a red scaly area. The area spreads outward and forms a circular ring with a slightly wavy border. The inside of the circle may look clear, scaly or bumpy and red. Sometimes several rings appear and overlap.
• Shingles – Shingles develops from the same virus that causes chicken pox. – Pain, burning, numbness or tingling, red rash, blisters that rupture and crust, and itching. Most often appears as a single strip of blisters that wrap around your torso, but can also develop around an eye, neck or face. Shingles may also cause fever, headache, fatigue and light sensitivity.

8.            Match the deseases (1-7) with symptoms (A-E).

1. Impetigo 
2. Molluscum  

          contagiosum 

3. Fungal infections 
4. Athlete’s foot 
5. Scabies
6. Ringworm
7. Shingle

1. Small, firm bumps that are pink or skin-colored with a dimpled center.
2. Rash in moist areas of the body where skin rubs up against skin.
3. Red sores around the nose, mouth, hands and feet.
4. A fungal infection that starts as a red scaly area.
5. Pain, burning, numbness or tingling, red rash, blisters that rupture and crust, and itching.
6. Itching that keeps you up at night, rash with small bumps that look like hives, sores from scratching that can become infected, and crusty areas in severe cases.
7. A cracked or blistered rash that causes stinging, itching and burning and possibly an unpleasant odor.

Lessons 8-9

Nursing in gastroenterology.

Participation of the nurse in laboratory research methods.

Helminthomicoscopic research methods. Colonoscopy procedure.

1. Read and translate the text "Gastroenterology nurse"

A gastroenterology nurse is a nursing professional that primarily treats patients suffering from diseases, disorders, and injuries of the digestive tract. Nurses in this profession commonly treat issues such as constipation, diarrhea, reflux, ulcers, food allergies, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, and rectal cancer, among others.

What Is a Gastroenterology Nurse?

Gastroenterology is a field of medicine that focuses on the health of the digestive system, including the stomach and bowels. Diseases and illnesses of the digestive tract often produce very uncomfortable symptoms and will often affect the health of the body as a whole. For example, some gastroenterology disorders can affect the number of nutrients the body absorbs. Gastroenterologists and gastroenterology nurses focus on treating and caring for individuals suffering from diseases and disorders of the digestive tract.

Endoscopy is a common technique used to diagnose gastroenterological disorders. An endoscopy procedure involves inserting a fiber-optic tube with a camera into the bowels to get a view of the lining of the intestines. Gastroenterology nurses that specialize in performing and assisting with these procedures are referred to as gastroenterology/endoscopy nurses or simply endoscopy nurses.

Gastroenterology procedures (particularly endoscopy procedures) can be uncomfortable and stressful for the patient, so gastroenterology nurses must be skilled at the procedure (to minimize pain and discomfort) and possess a calming bedside manner (to help calm the patient)

What Do Gastroenterology Nurses Do?

When first meeting with a patient, a gastroenterologist and gastroenterology nurse will often review the patient’s medical history, symptoms, and vital signs. A gastroenterology nurse will also often be responsible for collecting samples and performing other diagnostic procedures, such as x-rays, ultrasounds, and barium enemas. Endoscopy nurses will assist during or perform endoscopy procedures.

Caring for and treating a gastroenterology patient is an important part of being a gastroenterology nurse. As a gastroenterology nurse, you will often help explain the different options available to patients as well as the benefits and risks associated with them. You may also help patients take medications and give them advice on nutrition. During surgical procedures, a gastroenterology nurse may also be asked to assist during surgical procedures as well.

Long-term care after gastroenterology problems is also sometimes necessary. Gastroenterology nurses help patients prepare themselves for a life with gastrointestinal problems. They may offer advice on what to eat and what not to eat, for instance, or how to manage symptoms associated with their disorders.

Where Do Gastroenterology Nurses Work?

During a career as a gastroenterologist, you will often be able to find positions in hospitals and well as private specialists’ office. Some clinics and long-term care facilities

might also hire gastroenterology nurses.

What is the role of the nurse in research?

They collect blood samples, administer vaccines, check lab work, and use critical thinking to assess a patient's health and review adverse events or treatment toxicities. Throughout, they ensure patients meet protocol goals. Another significant role of a research nurse is to collect data throughout the trial.

Vocabulary to the text "Gastroenterology nurse"

1. disorder
2. constipation
3. Crohn’s disease
4. ulcerative colitis
5. barium enemas
6. benefit
7. long-term care
8. nutrition

розлад

запор

Хвороба Крона

виразковий коліт

барієві клізми

вигода

тривалий догляд

харчування

2. These sentences describe the way various systems work, but they have been divided into separate halves. Match the half-sentences in column A with the half-sentences in column B to make twenty sentences which are correct, complete and true.

A

1. The autonomic nervous system functions

                                                                   ...

2. Aspirin inhibits ... 

3. Bacteria can mutate suddenly ...

4. The bones are joined ...

5. The blood vessel is a narrow channel......

6. The pituitary gland stimulates ...

7. The tip of the femur fits ...

8. The arteries provide ...

9. Bile circulates from the liver ...

10. The colon is divided ... 

11. The chest expands ...

12. In holocrine glands ...

13. The prostate tends to enlarge ...

14. Impulses are transmitted ...

15. Ultrasound scanning provides ...

16. Oxygen is vital ...

17. The common carotid divides ...

18. The body has a natural instinct...

19. Blood groups are classified ...

20. Nasal congestion can be relieved ...

B

1. by a cartilage.
2. as a man grows older.
3. into a socket in the pelvis.
4. with antihistamines.
5. and become increasingly able to infect.
6. the cells disintegrate as they secrete.
7. the clotting of blood.
8. a continuous supply of blood to the 

                                    oxygenated tissues.

9. into four distinct sections.
10. independently of the conscious will.
11. a picture of the ovary and the eggs inside

                                                                   it.

12. to protect itself against danger.
13. the secretion of hormones by the adre-

                                                      nal gland.

14. which takes blood to the tissues.
15. to the human system.
16. to the intestines via the bile ducts.
17. along the neural pathways.
18. as the person breathes in.
19. according to the ABO system.
20. into two smaller arteries.

3. All the answers in this crossword are parts of GI Tract

Across

6. Chronic condition in which the liquid contents is backed up into the esophagus

9. Form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 

12. Converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by the body

14. Causes abnormal pain and discomfort 

16. Also known as GAS 
17. When nutrients from food are broken down into tiny molecules that move into the  

                                                                                                                                 blood.

18. Build-up of dry, hardened feces in the rectum 
19. Known as acid reflux 
20. Continous tube from the opening of the mouth all the way to the anus 

Down

1. A healthy person needs at least 64 ounces of fluid each day

2. A sample, such as tissue, blood, urine, stool, or sputum used for analysis

3. Form of inflammatory disease (IBD)

4. Can cause diarrhea or constipation

5. Aging, slowing of peristalsis, tooth loss, dry mouth, and poor absorbtion

7. Removing of waste products from food/fluids

8. Enlarged veins in the rectum

10. Taking food or fluids into the body

11. Raw sores in the stomach/sm intestines

13. Nursing assistant should encourage nutritious meals

15. Helps bowel elimination by strengthening abdominal and pelvic muscles

4. Read and translate the text "What is a colonoscopy?"

Colonoscopy is a procedure that enables an examiner (usually a gastroenterologist) to evaluate the inside of the colon (large intestine or large bowel). The colonoscope is a four-foot long, flexible tube about the thickness of a finger with a camera and a source of light at its tip. The tip of the colonoscope is inserted into the anus and then is advanced slowly, under visual control, into the rectum and through the colon usually as far as the cecum, which is the first part of the colon. Usually, it also is possible to enter and examine the last few inches of the small intestine (terminal ileum).

Why is colonoscopy done?

Colonoscopy may be done for a variety of reasons. The vast majority of colonoscopies are performed as part of screening programs to diagnose colon cancer. When done for other reasons, it is most often done to investigate the cause of blood in the stool, abdominal pain, diarrhea, a change in bowel habit, or an abnormality found on colonic X-rays or computerized axial tomography (CT) scan.

How often should one undergo colonoscopy depends on the degree of the risk for cancer and the abnormalities found at previous colonoscopies.

What should I expect during colonoscopy?

Prior to colonoscopy, intravenous fluids are started, and the patient is placed on a monitor for continuous monitoring of heart rhythm and blood pressure as well as oxygen in the blood. Medications (sedatives) usually are given through an intravenous line so the patient becomes sleepy and relaxed, and to reduce pain. Colonoscopy often produces a feeling of pressure, cramping, and bloating in the abdomen; however, with the aid of medications, it is generally well-tolerated and infrequently causes severe pain.

Patients will lie on their left side or back as the colonoscope is slowly advanced. Once the tip of the colon (cecum) or the last portion of the small intestine (terminal ileum) is reached, the colonoscope is slowly withdrawn, and the lining of the colon is carefully examined. Colonoscopy usually takes 15 to 60 minutes. If the entire colon, for some reason, cannot be visualized, the physician may decide to try colonoscopy again at a later date with or without a different bowel preparation or may decide to order an X-ray or CT of the colon.

Patients will be kept in an observation area for an hour or two post-colonoscopy until the effects of medications that have been given wear off.

Complications of colonoscopy are rare and usually minor when performed by physicians who have been specially trained and are experienced in colonoscopy.

Bleeding may occur at the site of biopsy or removal of polyps, but the bleeding usually is minor and self-limited or can be controlled through the colonoscope. Other potential complications are reactions to the sedatives used, localized irritation to the vein where medications were injected, or complications from existing heart or lung disease.

Colonoscopy is the best method available to detect, diagnose, and treat abnormalities within the colon.

Vocabulary to the text "What is a colonoscopy?"

1. enable
2. large bowel
3. thickness

давати змогу

товста кишка

товщина

4. cecum
5. inch
6. stool
7. prior to
8. cramping
9. tip of the colon
10. to be withdrawn
11. lining of the colon
12. self-limited
13. irritation
14. terminal ileum

сліпа кишка

дюйм

стул, випорожнення

до, раніше

судоми

кінчик товстої кишки

бути вилученим

оболонка товстої кишки

самообмежений

роздратування

термінальна клубова кишка

5.  Look at the pictures and get acquainted with  helminth microscopic research methods

6.    These sentences give information about various systems, but they have been divided into separate halves. Match the half-sentences in column A with the half-sentences in column B to make twenty sentences which are correct, complete and true.

A

1. The body needs to conserve ...

2. Blood clots occur in ...

3. Fluid collects in the tissue ...

4. Adrenaline extracted from the animal's

                                      adrenal glands ...

5. The material used in sutures slowly ...

6. The heart has to beat more strongly ...

7. Shingles is caused by ...

8. After the age of 50 ...

9. Embolization is ...

10. Bone is ...

B

1. from the site of the infection.
2. is that the patient's hair falls out.
3. to the mouth by the trachea.
4. milk comes into contact with an acid.
5. an acute sense of touch.
6. dislocates easily.
7. the chest muscles relax and the lungs

                                          become smaller.

8. are a running nose and eyes.
9. derived from the carotid artery.
10. calcified connective tissue.

11. Casein is precipitated when ...
12. The lungs are connected ...
13. One of the side-effects of chemo-

therapy…

14. Pain radiates ...
15. Blind people develop ...
16. The shoulder joint ...
17. The supply of blood to the sublingual

region is ...

18. The symptoms of hay fever ...
19. Expiration takes place when ...
20. The normal adult pulse ...

11. dissolves in body fluids.
12. is used in the treatment of asthma.
13. of patients suffering from dropsy.
14. embolism and thrombosis.
15. heat in cold weather.
16. to compensate for the narrowing of 

                                        the arteries.

17. an effective treatment for severe

                                     haemoptysis.

18. many people's vision begins to fail.
19. is 72 beats a minute.
20. the same virus as chickenpox.

7. All the answers in this crossword are  disorders and diseases of the DS

Across

4. A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the small intestine or colon

8. A disease characterized by inflammation of and damage to the liver
9. A condition in which the wall of the small and/or large intestine becomes chronically inflamed.
10. The movement of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus

12.  An inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the colon and the mucosal layer of the intestinal wall
13. Inflammation of the pancreas
14. A condition characterized by difficulty in defecating

Down

1. The surgical removal of the gallbladder
2. A disease that affects the supporting structure of the teeth and the gums
3. Solid crystals that form from substances in the bile of the gallbladder

5. An inflammation of the stomach or intestine that produces some combination of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
6. The occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements
7. An abbreviation for the chronic inflammation of the esophagus caused by the upward flow of gastric juice (caused by gastro-esophageal reflux)

11.  A break in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or lower esophagus

Lessons 10-11

Nursing in the infectious department.

Rules of personal hygiene of the nurse and the patient.

Detection of symptoms of infectious diseases

1. Read and translate the text "Infection control nurse" and answer the questions

•   What is an infection control nurse?
•   Where Do Infection Control Nurses Work?
•   What Does an Infection Control Nurse Do?
•   What Are the Roles and Duties of an Infection Control Nurse?
•   What are 5 personal hygiene rules?

As all nurses are trained to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, infection control nurses specifically specialize in preventing the spread of infectious agents such as that of viruses and bacteria. With no two bacteria alike, infection control nurses work diligently to prevent dangerous outbreaks from occurring in a hospital setting. All medical professionals are trained to take standard precautions that include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and isolation precautions according to the patient being cared for. Even so, such precautions do not completely eliminate the possibility for infectious agents to spread. It is an infection control nurse's job to perform and educate others on how to prevent and contain outbreaks and to prevent further incidents from occurring.

The expertise of an infection control nurse is needed in the following healthcare settings:

• Hospitals
• Long-term care facilities
• Home Care
• Ambulatory Care
• Hospices
• Emergency Preparedness
• Public Health
• Behavioral Health

The role of an infection control nurse is to determine, prevent, and contain infectious outbreaks in the healthcare setting. Even in a sterile and sanitary environment, an infection can easily spread causing patients to become ill and possibly die. In order to prevent the spread of this infection to a large area, it is the job of an infection control nurse to not only contain these agents within a hospital community but also to prevent such illnesses on a larger scale.

With advanced skills and knowledge, the responsibilities of an infection control nurse include:

•        Gathering and analyzing infection data, facts and trends to other healthcare personnel.
•        Providing training and education to other medical professionals and civilians on prevention techniques.
•        Develop plans to prevent patients from spreading diseases throughout the hospital or other patient care facilities.
•        Often acting as a coordinator or leader of an Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Program.
•        Reinforcing the implementation of infection control practices as provided in the guidelines of the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention).
•        Bringing rates of infection down within a facility.
•        Determining the origin of a particular pathogen by studying the makeup and composition of it.
•        Working side by side with scientists and doctors to develop treatments for other infectious diseases.

If you want to minimize your risk of infection and also enhance your overall health, follow these basic personal hygiene habits: 

1. Bathe regularly. 

2. Trim your nails.

3. Brush  and floss. 

4. Wash your hand.

                                       5. Sleep tight.

Vocabulary to the text "Infection control nurse"

1. outbreaks
2. precautions
3. long-term care facility
4. emergency preparedness
5. behavioral health
6. implementation
7. to floss
8. tight
9. to trim
10.     noncompliance
11.     nosocomial infection

спалахи

запобіжні заходи

заклад тривалого догляду

готовність до надзвичайних ситуацій

поведінкове здоров'я

впровадження

чистити зубною ниткою

міцно

обрізати

невідповідність

внутрішньолікарняна інфекція

2.  Complete this text with the words from the box and then read it.

hygiene  healthcare  contact  illnesses  wash  immune  risk  disease

sick  family  germs  measures  patient  severe  infections  hands
Hand Hygiene of Nurses and Patient Safety

Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures to prevent hospital acquired infections and improve ________ safety.

Infectious diseases are a particular risk to the very young, the elderly, those with a pre-existing________, and people with a compromised _________ system. Nurses need to wash their _______ not only to prevent them from getting sick, but to protect their patients from acquiring health-care associated_________.

Hand ________noncompliance is a major cause of nosocomial infection. Good hand hygiene plays a major role in reducing and eliminating the spread of _______and infections from patient-to-patient. Research has shown that while __________workers state largely favorable attitudes towards hand-cleaning practices, observed compliance rates are below 30%. It also helps in reducing the spread of infectious________, including colds, flu and other upper respiratory illnesses. Hand-to-hand __________ an spread mild conditions, such as the common cold, but also more _________ or life-threatening diseases. Nurses washing their hands not only prevent them from getting _______, but it also reduces the risk of infecting others. If they don't  ________ their hands properly before coming into contact with others, they can infect their patients but also their _______ members.

3.   Scrub up.

   Test your knowledge of hygiene by doing this quiz.

4. Hygiene equipment.

Match each of these items of hygiene equipment to a picture.

5.  Read and translate the text "The need for early detection of infectious diseases"

Each infectious disease has its own specific signs and symptoms. General signs and symptoms common to a number of infectious diseases include:

        • Fever            • Diarrhea             • Fatigue           • Muscle aches         • Coughing

Early detection of infectious diseases plays a crucial role in all treatment and prevention strategies. The diagram below illustrates a typical series of events following exposure to an infectious agent and the inherent time delay to a confirmed laboratory diagnosis. 

An incubation period follows the exposure event, where the infected person may be asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. Following the onset of symptoms, a variety of health behaviours and health encounters may occur depending on the severity of the symptoms. For example, searching for information on the internet, phoning NHS Direct or if symptoms are more serious, visiting their local GP or accident and emergency unit. There, an initial diagnosis will be made and samples may be sent off to laboratories for a definitive diagnosis. The time delay between exposure and confirmed diagnosis may be days, to weeks or months depending on the type infection. 

Rapid and accurate identification of the underlying agent (the bacterium or virus) using diagnostic testing is essential to select the correct control measure, such as containment, confinement, antimicrobials and vaccines. This is particularly true for emerging diseases, where we find ourselves in a race to develop new controls as the disease spreads. In an outbreak situation, vigilant monitoring is vital to inform us where to focus effort and assess the effectiveness of interventions.

Worldwide, however, many infections remain undetected. Due to poor diagnostic tools, infection is often undiagnosed and therefore untreated, or diagnosed at the late stage when treatment becomes less effective. This results in on-going transmission of serious infections, for example HIV, and delay in the identification of emerging threats, for example pandemic influenza, leading to major human and economic consequences for millions of people.

Vocabulary to the text "The need for early detection of infectious diseases"

1. exposure event
2. severity
3. underlying agent
4. vigilant monitoring
5. consequences
6. emerging threats
7. on-going transmission

контактна  подія

тяжкість

основний агент

пильний моніторинг

наслідки

виникаючі загрози

поточна передача

6. Here are description of four possible condition that can cause a child to cough in the night. Complete them with the words below.

•   coughing up
•   accompanied
•   breath
•   occurs
•   get
•   has
•   make
•   are
•   sounds
•   wheeze

7.      All illnesses have informal names. March the informal and formal names

Informal                                                                         Formal

1.     Chickenpox is the same as ______________________
2.     A cold is the same as __________________________
3.     The flu is the same as _________________________
4.     German measles is the same as __________________
5.     Hay fever is the same as _______________________
6.     Measles is the same as _________________________
7.     Mumps is the same as _________________________
8.     Whooping cough is the same as _________________

allergic rhinitis

infectious parotitis

coryza

influenza

rubella

rubeola

pertussis

varicella

8. Read the descriptions below and match them to the names of illnesses

in the box on the right.

1. A common illness, the symptoms of which include inflammation of the nasal passages, sneezing, coughing, a running nose and fever.

___________________________________________

2. A common infectious viral disease of children, with mild fever, swollen lymph nodes and a rash. It can cause stillbirth or malformation of the unborn baby if it is caught by a mother while she is pregnant.

____________________________________________

3. An illness, usually started by a viral infection, whose symptoms include inflammation of the nasal passages, sneezing, coughing, and a running nose. At present there is no cure for it.

_______________________________________________

4. An infectious disease of children, caused by a herpes virus, and characterised by fever and red spots which turn to itchy blisters.

_______________________________________________

5. An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash. It can weaken the body's resistance to other disease, for example bronchitis and ear infections. If caught by an adult it can be very serious.

_______________________________________________

6. An infectious disease of children, with fever and swellings in the salivary glands, caused by a paramyxovirus.

_______________________________________________

7. An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes. The patient suffers from a severe cough and makes a loud noise when inhaling after a coughing fit.

________________________________________________

8. An inflammation in the nose and eyes caused by a reaction to flowers, their pollen and scent.

_____________________________________________

Lessons 12-13

Nursing in ophthalmology.

Vision testing procedure. Correction of visual defects.

1. Read and translate the text "Qualifications of an ophthalmic nurse"

An ophthalmic nurse specializes in the ophthalmology branch of medicine, which focuses on the health of the eyes. Ophthalmic registered nurses work under the direction and supervision of ophthalmologists, who diagnose and treat patients with disorders and diseases of the eye. The nurse provides care for patients before eye surgery, takes medical histories, and provides care to patients recovering from treatment. Ophthalmic registered  nurses educate patients and their families on the care and home treatment of eye disorders and diseases.

Becoming an Ophthalmic Nurse

Ophthalmic nurses must obtain the education to become a registered nurse to work in ophthalmology. Nursing students complete coursework in anatomy, chemistry, nutrition, microbiology and nursing. Nursing education programs also include clinical training, which provides students with an opportunity to gain experience working with patients.

Skills and Knowledge

Ophthalmic nurses must have good communication skills to explain procedures and treatments to patients and their families. They must be knowledgeable about surgical procedures, pre-operative care, patient assessment and postoperative treatment. Ophthalmic nurses draw on their specialized knowledge of ocular anatomy and the instruments used in ophthalmology.

Registered nurses provide direct care to patients and must be caring, patient and compassionate when treating patients. Ophthalmic nurses also must have organizational skills to meet the needs of multiple patients in a physician practice, hospital or clinic.

Where Do Ophthalmic Nurses Work?

Ophthalmic nurses most often work in:

      •  Ophthalmologist offices      •  Hospitals       •  Eye care centers       • Clinics

What Does an Ophthalmic Nurse Do?

Ophthalmic nurses assist in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of patients with various eye diseases and injuries. They often assist with eye exams, record symptoms and perform vision tests. They also record patients' medical histories and perform physical examinations to uncover any underlying health issues causing symptoms in the eyes, such as diabetes. Ophthalmic nurses also play a critical role in patient education and treatment by administering medication such as eye drops and showing patients how to care for their eye injuries and diseases at home. The ophthalmic nurse also assists in contact lens and glasses fittings to improve a patient's vision. In cases in which eye surgery is required, ophthalmic nurses assist with surgical procedures and care for the patient before and after surgery.

 What Are the Roles and Duties of an Ophthalmic Nurse?

•   Assist with eye exams, conduct vision tests, collect personal medical histories and record all symptoms and exam results
•   Educate patients on how to care for their eye diseases or injuries at home
•   Administer medications such as eye drops
•   Perform fittings for contact lenses and glasses
•   Assist in eye surgical procedures, prep patients for surgery and care for patients during recovery

Vocabulary to the text "Qualifications of an ophthalmic nurse"

1. supervision
2. good communication skills
3. to be knowledgeable
4. ocular anatomy
5. compassionate
6. eye drops

нагляд

хороші комунікативні навички

бути обізнаним

очна анатомія

співчутливий

очні краплі

II. The words in this list are all verbs. What are the noun forms? Write them in the second column.

e.g. diagnose – diagnosis

1.     examine  ______________
2.     prescribe ______________
3.     suffer ________________
4.     operate ______________
5.     cure ________________
6.     recover ______________
7.     analyse ______________
8.     infect ________________
9.     experience ____________
10.  replace ______________
11.  degenerate ___________
12.  refer ________________
13.  exceed ______________
14.  withdraw ____________

3. Chain-word.  Each one-word answer is connected to the next. Can you complete the chain?

1. an organ of hearing
2. to react to stimulus
3. to give birth to a child
4. a kind of crime
5. to eliminate a disease
6. an urgent case
7. an interval of time
8. a process of taking away
9. impairment, damage
10. a medical specialist
11. a disease
12. an act of killing oneself
13. a skin rash
14. a functional nervous disorder
15. a mark left after injured tissue has healed
16. to get well again
17. revival from a condition resembling death
18. a symptom
19. a car equipped for carrying the injured or sick

4. Read and translate the texts "Vision testing procedure" and "Vision correction"

1. Completing a Health History Form. By completing or updating your health history form, you provide the doctor with an overview of your general health.
2. Review of Health History and Pre-Exam Consult.

3. Glaucoma Test.
4. Perimetry Test.
5. Cover Test.
6. Refraction Test.
7. Binocular Slit-Lamp Examination. .
8. Dilation Procedure.

During a regular visit, you can expect your optometrist to perform the following tests to determine your eye health:

•   Pre-Exam Tests.
•   Pupillary Reactions.
•   Slit Lamp Test.
•   Visual Acuity and Refraction.
•   Pupil Dilation.

Vision correction

Vision correction refers to one of several methods used to improve blurred vision caused by refractive error. Some people need vision correction to correct a refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye doesn’t bend light correctly (refract) as it enters the eye, resulting in a blurred image. There are several disorders that involve refractive error.

The most common methods of vision correction are wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses. They help achieve clear vision by refocusing light rays on the retina, compensating for the shape of the eye. Refractive surgery is another vision correction option. During refractive surgery, such as LASIK, the eye's focusing ability is adjusted by reshaping the cornea (the front surface of the eye).

Natural Vision Correction: Does It Work?

For many people, the idea that you can correct your vision naturally -- without glasses, contact lenses, drugs, or lasers -- is more than a notion. It’s a long-held hope. A lifelong dream. It’s also a hot topic among eye doctors.

Natural vision correction is the belief that you can improve your vision with eye exercises, relaxation techniques, and an eye massage every now and then. Some people swear by it. Others say it’s nonsense. There's no proof the technique works, only wishful thinking. Natural vision correction doesn’t help nearsightedness, farsightedness, or other vision problems caused by disease. The American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus also found no evidence that vision therapy corrects nearsightedness or keeps it from getting worse. Still, some people insist it does the trick.

Corrective Eye Surgery

Over the past 25 years, surgical techniques, tools, and procedures for vision correction have evolved rapidly.

For this procedure, an eye specialists creates a flap in the cornea to access the underlying tissue. No laser is used, and instead, the doctor makes an incision in the sub-layer of the cornea to reshape and correct vision. RLE (refractive lens exchange).

LASIK is the best known and most commonly performed. Many articles will use the term "LASIK" to refer to all types of laser eye surgery. Normally, images are focused on the retina in the back of your eye. During the LASIK procedure, a specially trained eye surgeon first creates a precise, thin hinged corneal flap using a microkeratome. The surgeon then pulls back the flap to expose the underlying corneal tissue, and then the excimer laser ablates (reshapes) the cornea in a unique pre-specified pattern for each patient.

Vocabulary to the text "Vision correction"

1.     blurred vision
2.     refractive error
3.     long-held hope
4.     lifelong dream
5.     cornea
6.     precise
7.     corneal flap
8.     wishful thinking

затуманений зір

помилка заломлення

давня надія

мрія на все життя

рогівка

точний

клапоть на рогівці

прийняття бажаного за дійсне

5.  Match the words in italics with their opposites in the box on the right.

1. The opposite of back is …………………………
2. The opposite of cure is ………………………….
3. The opposite of dead is …………………………
4. The opposite of improve is ………………………
5. The opposite of healthy is ……………………….
6. The opposite of open is …………………………
7. The opposite of prevent is ………………………..
8. The opposite of reduce is ……………………….
9. The opposite of smooth is ……………………….
10. The opposite of remove is ……………………….

alive

allow

closed

deteriorate

ill

front

increase

kill

replace

rough

6. Complete these sentences using the words from the previous task. Use one word from each pair of opposites

1. Antibodies are created to _________________ bacteria.
2. He became excited, causing his pulse rate to _________________.
3. He was very ill, but now his condition has begun to____________.
4. She hurt her _______________ working in the garden.
5. She put cream on her hands, which were ______________from heavy work.
6. She had an operation to ____________ her appendix.
7. The hospital is _____________ to visitors from noon to five o'clock.
8. The doctor arrived too late: the patient was already ____________.
9. There's nothing wrong with you: you're completely _____________.
10. This treatment is given to ___________the patient's condition from getting worse.

7. Word association. One word connects each set of four below. All the words have medical connections. What are they?

Lessons 14

Nursing in oncology.

Features of the nurse's work with cancer patients.

1. Read and translate the texts "Oncology Nurses"and "3 Things You Should Know About Oncology Nurses"

ONCOLOGY NURSES care for people of all ages who are diagnosed with cancer. Oncology is a challenging field in which nurses support patients, families, and caregivers through the stress of diagnosis and treatment, and the anxiety of many uncertainties brought on by the disease, including facing mortality. 

What is an Oncology Nurse?

The oncology field today is different than in the early days of cancer treatment, with many more treatment options, better pain control, and reduced treatment side effects. The science is dynamic and continually evolving, with many new therapies on the horizon. Many people are making the transition from cancer patient to cancer survivor. In short, there is often hope for recovery, or for living with the disease. Oncology nurses have important roles to play all along the cancer care continuum.

As an oncology nurse, you’ll be on a path of career-long learning that offers challenges, financial rewards, and professional growth. If you have a desire to get to know patients and the nuances of their needs and care, oncology nursing may be a good career choice. You’ll often have the chance to develop deep relationships with people as you care for them throughout their cancer journey.

What Does an Oncology Nurse Do?

Oncology nurses care for individuals, families, and communities, and the role has expanded to include many aspects of care: 

•   Cancer education and prevention
•   Screening
•   Nurse navigation
• Nursing management
• Research
• Direct patient care

Oncology nurses work in many healthcare settings: hospitals, cancer centers, clinics, physician offices, home care agencies (including palliative and hospice care), hospice centers, and extended care facilities. 

In many work settings, oncology nurses will learn safety precautions regarding caring for patients undergoing procedures and treatments where there is potential exposure to radiation and toxic substances, including chemotherapy. 

3 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ONCOLOGY NURSES

1. Oncology nurses form close bonds with their patients

Oncology nurses play a key role in getting patients and caregivers through and beyond illness, often forming lasting bonds that continue for years after the last treatment. Patients remember nurses who showed them compassion after a biopsy, took the time to explain the side effects of treatment, and coached them through a difficult procedure. These nurses celebrate victories with patients, comfort them after they hear bad news, advocate for those who need extra help and support, and often facilitate communication between the rest of the medical team and caregivers.

2. Oncology nurses coordinate cancer care

Oncology nurses are essential partners who help patients navigate complex treatment protocols and manage symptoms and side effects. A person’s cancer treatment will weave through many phases, and he or she may see several different professionals from different medical specializations. Often, oncology nurses are the ones who provide consistent information and guidance across the treatment plan. They have the training to assess a person’s needs in both hospitals and outpatient practices. Nurses anticipate the needs of patients and family caregivers and work with case managers and social workers to ensure that patients have adequate support and professional help in their homes and communities.

3. Oncology nurses know their patients and advocate for them

Oncology nurses know their patients as individuals and often start a visit by asking them to tell about their life, their families, and their interests. The oncology nurses follow those patients and know a patient much better. There have been countless times when nurses helped clarify details about a patient’s situation that would have been missed otherwise.

Vocabulary to the texts "Oncology Nurses"and

"3 Things You Should Know About Oncology Nurses"

1.     challenging field
2.     caregiver
3.     anxiety
4.     mortality
5.     cancer survivor
6.     cancer patient
7.     safety precautions
8.     close bond
9.     to advocate
10.  countless times

складна галузь

опікун

тривожність

смертність

людина, яка пережила рак

хворий на рак

техніка безпеки

тісний зв’язок

захищати

незліченну кількість разів

2.       Oncology Crossword

Across

4. Process by which cancer spreads from once place to another
5. Malignant tissue that arises from connective tissues
6. Abnormal growth of body tissue

9. Surgical removal of the entire breast and nipple
10. General term affecting hymphoid tissues
11. Malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
12. Removal of small piece of tissue for examination

Down

1. Carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast
2. Process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed
3. New cancer site that results from the spreading process

7. Study of the prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors
8. Surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue

3.      In this table there are 41 words for parts of the body and six categories.

Decide which category/ies each part belongs to.