Англійські тести

An experiment has demonstrated that after exposure to ultraviolet radiation the dermal cells of the patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are slower to restore the native DNA structure than they are in the healthy individuals due to deficiency of the DNA repair enzyme. What enzyme takes part in the repair process?

Under the influence of physical factors, damage can occur in the DNA molecule. Ultraviolet rays cause the appearance of dimers in it. They are two adjacent pyrimidine bases.Indicate them:

Hereditary information is stored in DNA, but does not directly participate in the synthesis of proteins in cells. What process ensures the implementation of hereditary information in the polypeptide chain?

The cytochemical test revealed a high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. The high activity of some organelles is evidenced by the fact?

In a dental clinic, a 36-year-old patient underwent tooth extraction.Two weeks later, the regeneration of multilayer flat epithelium occurred at this site. What organelles took part in the restoration of the mucosa?

A chromosome set of a woman has a chromosome, in which the shoulders p and q are of equal length.What is the morphological type of this chromosome?

An electron microscopy of cytoplasm (near the nucleus) revealed an organelle consisting of 5-10 flat cisternae with expanded peripheral parts and detached by small bubbles lysosomes. Name this organelle:

In the life cycle of a cell during mitosis natural change in the amount of genetic material occurs. The DNA doubles at the following stage:

In the human cell, into the granular endoplasmic reticulum, an RNA containing both exon and intron sections was delivered to the ribosomes. What process does not happen?

Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides prevent the joining of formylmethionyl-tRNA by bonding with the 30S ribosomal subunit. This effect leads to disruption of the following process:

A patient has decreased concentration of magnesium ions that are required for ribosomes connection to granular endoplasmic reticulum.This condition is known to disturb the process of protein biosynthesis.Disturbance occurs at the following stage:

The study of the body of a Pamir resident revealed a high level of basal metabolism, lengthening of long tubular bones, enlargement of the thorax, increased oxygen capacity of the blood due to the increase in red blood cells, and a high content of hemoglobin. What is the kind of adaptive type of this person?

A doctor takes case history about postembryonic period of ontogenesis of a person from birth to puberty. In this case we are talking about:

Students study the stages of gametogenesis. They analyze a cell with haploid number of chromosomes, whith each chromosome consisting of two chromatids. The chromosomes are located in the equatorial plane of the cell. Such situation is typical of the following stage of meiosis:

Clinical presentations of a woman allowed provisionally diagnosing her with X polysomy.Cytogenetic method is applied to clarify the diagnosis. The diagnosis will be confirmed if the patient's karyotype is:

When examining a 18-years-old girl, the following signs are found: underdevelopment of the ovaries, broad shoulders, narrow pelvis, shortening of the lower extremities,"neck of the sphinx", mental development is not affected.Diagnosis: Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. What is the chromosomal disorder in the patient?

When examining a sick woman, the doctor paid attention to the altered shape of the auricles, the high palate, the improper growth of the teeth.Intellect is reduced. Reproductive function is not affected. Preliminary diagnosis is the syndrome of "superwoman". Identify the karyotype with this disease:

A woman is diagnosed with Turner's syndrome (karyotype 45, X0).How many pairs of autosomes are there in the somatic cells of this patient?

In South Africa, people often develop sickle-cell anemia, whereby erythrocytes have a form of a sickle due to glutamine-to-valine mutation in the hemoglobin molecule. What causes this disease?

In a woman with Rh-negative blood of Group A (II) a child was born with AB (IV) group and was diagnosed: hemolytic disease due to Rh-conflict. What possible blood group does child's father have?

In case of genealogical analysis of a family with hereditary pathology - a violation of the formation of enamel, it is established that the disease occurs in each generation. In women, this anomaly is more common than in men.Sick men transmit this sign only to their daughters.What type inheritance occurs in this case?

Hartnup disease is caused by the point mutation of one gene only, which results in tryptophan malabsorption in the intestine and affects its reabsorption in renal tubule.This eads to simultaneous gastrointestinal and urinary systems disorders. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?

In a human X chromosome a dominant gene, which takes part in blood clotting is localized. The same role is played by the autosomal-dominant gene. The absence of each of these genes leads to the violation of blood coagulation. What is the form of interaction between these genes:

Mother and father are healthy.The fetal karyotype was determined by the amniocentesis method: 45, XO.The presence of what svndrome can be foreseen in a newborn baby?

A young family came for a genetic counseling to identify the father of their child. The husband insists that the child does not resemble him at all and cannot possibly be his.Polvmerase chain reaction method for person identification is based on the following:

A patient suspected of having a protozoan disease had a lymph node punctate examination. A specimen stained by Romanowsky-Giemsa revealed half-moon-shaped bodies with pointed ends, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoa are detected in the smear?

Parasitic protozoa are found in the carious dental cavities of a 29-years-old patient. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class.These single-celled are:

In the study of the contents of the duodenum, the protozoa of pear-shaped form with paired nuclei, four pairs of flagella were found. Between the nuclei - two supporting filaments, on the ventral side there are suction discs. What representative of protozoa was found in the patient?

In the patient of the dental clinic by microscopy method single-celled organisms were found in dental plaque. Their cytoplasm is clearly divided into two layers, the nucleus is barely noticeable, pseudopods are wide. Most likely, the patient has:

The patient has malaise, accompanied by fever, weakness, prolonged liquid bowel movements up to 10-12 times a day, with acute pain in the abdomen. In the study of faecal masses, structures of regular round shape with 4 nuclei were found. This may be due to parasitism:

A woman have birth a dead child with many developmental defects.What protozoa disease could cause fetal death in the womb? 

Two weeks after the transfusion, fever developed in the recipient. What kind of protozoa disease should doctor suspect?

In a 60-year-old woman with a severe form of periodontosis, microscopic examination of a scraping from the gums revealed mononuclear protozoa of 3-60 microns with wide pseudopodia. Which protozoa were found in the patient?

A 26-years-old woman who had two spontaneous miscarriages visited maternity welfare clinic. What protozoa disease could cause miscarriages?

On microscopy of a blood smear stained by Romanovsky a doctor found protozoa in the form of the crescent, their protoplasm was vacuolized, of blue color and the nucleus was of red color. What protozoa in the blood were the most likely?

The patient came to the dentist with the symptoms of oral mucosa inflammation. A smear obtained from periodontal pockets revealed protozoa with an irregular body shape reaching 6-60 mcm in size and able to make pseudopodia. What kind of protozoa is it?

In the study of a blood smear taken from a patient and stained by Romanovsky, the doctor found protozoa and made diagnosis of Kruse-Chagas disease. What protozoa caused the disease in this patient?

Several patients with similar complaints came to the doctor.They all presented with weakness, pain in the abdomen, indgestion.Stool analysis revealed the need for urgent hospitalization of the patient,who had microbial cysts with four nuclei detected in his samples.Such cysts are characteristic of the following

protozoon:

A man was brought to the hospital in a severe condition: facial edemas, myalgia, high temperature, and respiratory distress. History-taking revealed that the patient's family regularly consumes untested pork.What helminth can be the cause of such symptoms?

A fisherman was fishing by the river, slightly cooked some fish over a campfire and ate it almost half-cooked A couple of weeks later, he developed the signs of liver and pancreas lesion.A stool test detected helminth egg.Which trematode infection is the fisherman most likely to have?

A patient has developed short-term pneumonia. The migration of larvae of which helminth may cause such disease?

Into the hospital of Donetsk region patients from the same family were admitted with edema of eyelids and face, fever, eosinophilia, headache, pain in the muscles. The disease developed on the davs 7-10 days after consumption of pork sausage, which they received from relatives from Khmelnitsky region.

What is the preliminary diagnosis?

A 5-year-old girl's mother discovered white "worms" on the perianal folds which cause itching and anxiety, she delivered them to the laboratory. During examination the doctor saw white helminthes 0.5-1 cm long, filamentary form with sharpened ends, some of them have twisted ends.What is the diagnosis?

The child complains of general weakness, lack of appetite, restless sleep, itching in the perianal area. A preliminary diagnosis was made: enterobiosis. To clarify the diagnosis the following should be done:

A shepherd, who tended to the flock of sheep with his dogs, gradually developed pain in the chest and bloody expectorations. X-ray revealed spheric helminth larvae in the patient's lungs.Specify the helminth that could be the causative agent of this disease:

During dehelmintization there was a 3.5-meter-long tapeworm produced from the patient's intestine. There are 4 suckers and hooks on the tapeworm's scolex.Mature segments of the tapeworm are immobile and have up to 12 uterine branches. What disease is it?

In one of Polessye regions there was an outbreak of helminthiasis manifested by cramps and facial edemas. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing. What helminthiasis was the case?

The child periodically has liquid bowel movements, sometimes - pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting.According to his mother's words, once a spindle-shaped helminth, 20 cm in size was discharged with vomit mass of a child. This condition can be caused by:

A town located at the bank of the Dnieper River presents the cases of opisthorchiasis. For the purpose of prevention, the sanitation center should encourage the citizens to:

A doctor saw a patient complaining of feebleness, nausea and anemia. The patient mentioned that 3 months ago he had eaten fresh salted caviar. What kind of helminthes was the patient likely to have?

A patient was admitted to hospital with fever, delirium and scratches on the head. A head examination revealed grey insects 3 mm long and having a dorsoventrally flattened body and three pairs of legs. Which pathology is described above?

According to WHO's data, around 250 million people annuallv fall ill with malaria. This disease is mostly found in tropical and subtropical areas.The limits of its spread coincide with the habitat of the following mosquitos:

After a thorough examination of the patient who returned from Central Asia to Ukraine, a preliminary diagnosis was established: spring-summer encephalitis. Due to the bite of which arthropod, the pathogen could enter the body?

The patient complains of the skin itching, especially between the fingers, in the inguinal cavities, on the lower part of the abdomen. On examination of these skin areas, small bubbles were revealed. On laboratory diagnostics it was established. that the cause of this condition is the representative of arthropods. Indicate the disease caused by this arthropod:

A 25- years-old patient with severe itching of the skin, especially between the fingers, in the armpits, on the lower abdomen visited consulting room. On skin examination, tortuous passages of a dirty-whitish color with speckles on the ends are seen. What diagnosis could the doctor suggest?

Under the arms of a man, small (1-1.5 mm), flattened in the dorsal-ventral direction, wingless blood-sucking insects were found. Their larvae developed there as well. What disease is caused by these insects?