Direct and indirect speech

can be a source of confusion for English learners. 

repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken.

answer the question What did he say?

is usually used to talk about the past

that, if. weather, what, where

that, if. what, where

that, if. whether, what, where

this, if. weather, what, where

He said he was going to play football.

He said he is going to play football.

He says he was going to play football.

He said he had been going to play football.

He said he must play football

He said he may play football

He said he  played football

He said he might play football

He said she had played football

He said she has played football

He said she  played football

He said she had being played football

He asked me whether I liked music.

He asked me did I like music.

He asked me if did I like music.

He asked me if I liked music. 

 She asked her husband where he has been.

 She asked her husband where he had being.

 She asked her husband where he had been.

 She asks her husband where he had been.

that day/the same day

the next day/the following day

the day before/the previous day

the following week/month/year

the previous week/month/year

then

before

there

that/those

day/the same day

next day/the following day

day before/the previous day

following week/month/year

previous week/month/year

then

under

there

that/those

без змін

this day/the same day

the next day/the following day

the day before/the previous day

the following week/month/year

the previous week/month/year

then

before

here

this/these

The teacher advised the students not to waste their time.

The teacher helped the students not to waste their time.

The teacher advises the students not to waste their time.

The teacher thanks the students not to waste their time.

Present Simple — Present Perfect;

Past Simple — Past Perfect-Continuous;

Future Simple — Future Simple in the Past;

Present Continuous — Present Continuous;

Past Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Future Continuous — Future Simple in the Past;

Present Perfect — Past Perfect;

Future Perfect — Future Perfect in the Past;

Present Perfect Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Future Perfect Continuous — Future Perfect Continuous in the Past

Present Simple — Past Simple;

Past Simple — Past Perfect;

Future Simple — Future Simple in the Past;

Present Continuous — no change;

Past Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Future Continuous — Future Continuous in the Past;

Present Perfect — no change;

Future Perfect — Future Perfect in the Past;

Present Perfect Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Future Perfect Continuous — Future Perfect Continuous in the Past

Present Simple — Past Simple;

Past Simple — Past Perfect;

Future Simple — Future Simple in the Past;

Present Continuous — Past Continuous;

Past Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Future Continuous — Future Continuous in the Past;

Present Perfect — Past Perfect;

Future Perfect — Future Perfect in the Past;

Present Perfect Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Future Perfect Continuous — Future Perfect Continuous in the Past

Present Simple — Past Simple;

Past Simple — Past Perfect;

Present Continuous — Past Continuous;

Past Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

Present Perfect — Past Perfect;

Future Perfect — Future Perfect in the Past;

Present Perfect Continuous — Past Perfect Continuous;

The kids said that _their_ mum _would come_ at five.

The kids said that _her_ mum _would come_ at five.

The kids said that _our_ mum _will come_ at five.

The kids said that _their_ mum _will come_ at five.