Англійська ПМК 2 (0-50)

A patient has been diagnosed with bacillary dysentery. What drug of those listed below should be prescribed?

A 1-year-old child with the symptoms of affection of limb and trunk muscles had been admitted to a hospital. Examination revealed muscle carnitine deficiency. The biochemical basis of this pathology is a disruption of the following process: 

A man visited Lebanon. Soon after return he felt pain and heaviness in the perineum and suprapubic region. On examination he was diagnosed with urogenital schistosomiasis. In what way could he become infected?

Examples of human-specific parasites are malaria plasmodium, enterobius vermicularis and some other. The source of invasion of such parasites is always a human. Such human-specific parasites cause diseases that are called: 

 A histological specimen of submandibular salivary gland represents basket cells from which some processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Contraction of the processes of these cells helps in expelling secretions from the lumen of secretory units and moving them to the system of excretory ducts. Name these cells: 

A patient, who has been suffering from severe injury of thorax, went into shock followed by symptoms of acute renal failure. What is the primary mechanism of acute renal failure development in this case?

Electrophoretic study of blood serum of a patient with pneumonia revealed an increase in one of the protein fractions. What fraction is it?

A 12-year-old child is of short stature, has disproportionate body structure and mental retardation. These characteristics might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following hormone: 

A 44-year-old patient with obstructive jaundice has been admitted to a hospital with the symptoms of cholemic syndrome. On the ECG arrhythmia shows up. What kind of arrhythmia is the patient most likely to have? 

A patient has herpetic conjunctivitis. What etiotropic drug should be administered? 

In the armpits of a patient the small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae developed in the armpits too. What disease is caused by these insects? 

A histologic study of a red bone marrow puncture sample had been conducted in the course of examination of a 35-year-old patient, and significant megakaryocyte number depletion was detected. What peripheral blood changes will result from that?

A 39-year-old patient consulted a dentist about having a dry area of the oral mucosa beneath the tongue on the right. The dentist revealed a compression of chorda tympani as it exits to the right infratemporal fossa through the following fissura

 A 36-year-old male patient frequently has herpes sores on the lips and oral mucosa. Infection recurrences are associated with the persistence of the virus in the body. The herpes simplex virus is most likely to reside in:

A dentist has detected symptoms of parodontosis in a patient. What antiprotozoal drug should be prescribed? 

A 56-year-old female patient is registrated in a psychoneurologic dispensary due to her suffering from epilepsy, specifically, minor attacks (pti mal). What drug is most efficient in this case?

It was established that the conduction velocity in the nerve fibers was equal to 120 m/sec. Specify these fibers: 

A patient has myocardial infarction. The first several hours of such medical condition will be characterized by significant increase of activity of the following enzyme in his blood serum: 

Pyrogenal administered to a rabbit, in the course of an experiment, resulted in increase of its body temperature. What substance of those named below acts as a secondary pyrogen that is a part of feverinducing mechanism?

A patient suffers from a severe lifethreatening generalised septic infection. What group of chemotherapeutical drugs should be prescribed in this case?

A patient has been diagnosed with a haemorrhage in the region of the lateral sulcus of the brain. As a result, the blood flow is disturbed in the following artery: 

Histological examination of a tissue sample revealed that the tissue had no blood vessels, and the cells were packed tightly together making layers. Specify this tissue:

After a severe stress a patient was found to have eosinopenia. A decrease in the eosinophil number can be explained by the changed concentration of the following hormones: 

The effect of some harmful factors caused focal damage to the gastric epithelium. What cells are responsible for its regeneration? 

 In a 52-year-old patient with chronic glomerulonephritis, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced by 20% compared to normal. What causes the decrease in GFR in patients with chronic renal failure? 

An irregular-shaped dense grey and white focus has appeared on the patient’s oral cavity mucosa, raising above mucosa surface. The patient considers it to be denture-caused damage of mucosa. Microscopy has revealed the following: hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis of stratified epithelium of mucosa; underlaying connective tissue has lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. What pathology is it? 

When students pass an exam, they often complain of having "dry mouth". The mechanism underlying the development of this condition is the activation of the following processes:

A paroxysm of tachycardia occurred in a patient undergoing a dental procedure. Which of the following drugs should be used to relieve it?

A 36-year-old female patient who has been limiting the number of foodstuffs in her diet for 3 months presents with a decrease in body weight, deterioration of physical and mental health, face edemata. These changes may be caused by the deficiency of the following nutrients:

A 35-year-old female patient has HIV at the AIDS stage. On the skin of the lower extremities and palatine mucosa there appeared rusty red spots, bright red nodules of various sizes. One of the nodules was taken for histological study.It revealed a lot of randomly distributed thin-walled vessels lined with endothelium, the bundles of spindle cells containing hemosiderin. What kind of tumor developed in the patient? 

A patient suffering from stenocardia takes 100 mg of acetylsalicilic acid daily. What is the effect of acetylsalicilic acid in this patient?

Examination of an 18-year-old girl revealed the following features: ovarian hypoplasia, broad shoulders, narrow hips, shortening of the lower extremities, webbed neck. Mental development is normal. The patient has been diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome. What chromosomal abnormality does this patient have?

A 48-year-old patient has been found to have an increase in the concentration of thyroid hormones in blood. Microscopy of a biopsy sample from the thyroid gland is likely to reveal the following morphological changes affecting the following cells: 

Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5-year-old child with nasopharyngitis revealed gram-positive diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?

Microscopy of smear preparation stained with methylene blue revealed bacilli with clublike expansions on their ends similar to C.diphteriae. What additional method of staining should be used to verify this assumption? 

Blood serum of a newborn contains antibodies to measles virus. What kind of immunity is this indicative of?

A female with Rh-negative blood of A (II) type has a child with AB(IV) type who has been diagnosed with hemolytic disease resulting from Rh-conflict. What blood type may the baby’s father have? 

A preparation of endocrine gland demonstrates cortical and medullary substances divided with connective tissue layer. In the cortical substance parenchyma cells make up three zones: they form rounded clusters in the superficial zone, parallel strands in the middle one, and in the deep zone cell strands form net-like structure. What gland is it? 

Microscopy of a smear obtained from a patient with acute purulent periostitis revealed gram-positive bacteria arranged in clusters resembling bunch of grapes. What microorganisms is this morphology typical for?

 A severe injury in a 36-year-old patient resulted in a significant blood loss which was accompanied by a blood pressure drop. What hormones provide rapid recovery of blood pressure after the blood loss?

Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the donor:

A histological specimen represents a structure of the oral cavity, which is formed by bone tissue. It is covered by mucous membrane consisting of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. The structure has fatty, glandular and marginal zone. In all parts of the lamina propria the collagen fibers form thick bundles that penetrate deep into the periosteum. What kind of structure is it?

Survey radiograph of facial skull of a 16-year-old girl shows some hole-like foci of cranial bone destruction. Histological examination of biopsy material revealed zones of destruction of bone trabeculae, proliferation of connective tissue with diffuse histiocytic infiltrate and a large number of eosinophilic leukocytes. Diagnose the disease: 

A 46-year-old patient consulted a doctor about pustular rash on the skin of the limbs. What antiseptic should be administered to the patient? 

Histological specimen of a decalcified tooth represents richly vascularized loose fibrous connective tissue containing a variety of cells. Pyriform odontoblasts of this region are arranged in several rows. What kind of dental structure is it?

A dentist examined a 5-year-old boy and found him to have a saddle nose, high-arched palate, natiform skull. Both front maxillary incisors are peg-shaped and have a crescent-shaped notch in the cutting edge. Lymph nodes are not changed. What is the provisional diagnosis?

A 32-year-old patient has purulent wound in the lower third of forearm. Smear of purulent wound content has been made. What cells will be generally detected, if it is stained using Romanovsky-Giemsa stain?

A 49-year-old mae has mitral stenosis. What is the leading mechanism of heart failure in this case? 

 A 36-year-old patient had had a traumatic brain injury which caused a swallowing impairment. Which part of brain was affected?

Microscopy of a dental plaque revealed a large number of cocci arranged in pairs and strings, as well as Gram-positive bacilli which were likely to be the cause of cariogenesis. What microorganism associations are involved in the development of dental caries?