Англійська Залік 2 kurs 1-25

1. A 39-year-old patient consulted a dentist about having a dry area of the oral mucosa beneath the tongue on the right. The dentist revealed a compression of chorda tympani as it exits to the right infratemporal fossa through the following fissura:

2. An animal had been intensively fed with carbohydrates. Histological examination of its liver revealed a significant number of glycogen granules. Glycogen relates to the following group of cell structures:

3. As a result of treatment of viral RNA with nitrous acid, UCA triplet mutated to UGA triplet. What kind of mutation occurred?

4. Patients with erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther’s disease ) have teeth that fluoresce red on exposure to ultraviolet light; photosensitive skin; red urine. This disease is associated with the lack of the following enzyme:

5. A 45-year-old patient with an 8year history of tuberculosis died in a hospital of chronic renal failure. At autopsy, the kidneys were enlarged, the cross-section surface looked greasy, histological study revealed profuse deposits of structureless homogeneous eosinophilic masses exhibiting marked metachromasia when stained with Congo red. What pathological process developed in the kidneys?

6. A 23-year-old patient consulted an oculist about vision impairment. Visual activity was corrected by means of lenticular lenses. Specify the type of dysfunction of the visual analyzer in this patient:

7. 6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:

8. Examination of a 23-year-old patient reveals that when his tongue is protruded, its tip deviates to the side. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following tongue muscle:

9. Osteolaterism is characterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by much less intensive formation of cross-links in the collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by hypoactivity of the following enzyme:

10. A boy has been diagnosed with a hydrocele (fluid collection within the scrotum). Which scrotum tunica contains this liquid?

11. In the histological specimen of a tooth germ the outer surface of the enamel organ is uneven, the cells of the inner layer show the reversal of polarity (inversion). These changes precede the beginning of the following process:

12. A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?

13. A patient with arterial hypertension has developed a bronchial asthma attack. Which of the following bronchodilators may provoke a hypertensive crisis?

14. A 49-year-old patient has a tumor of the ventral surface of the pons. An impaired blood flow will be observed in the following artery:

15. In a specimen from the ovary stained with hematoxylin-eosin a follicle can be seen. The follicular epithelial cells are arranged in 1-2 layers and have cubic shape, around the oocyte the bright red membrane can be seen. Specify the follicle:

16. A 36-year-old injured with a knife wound of neck has bleeding. The blood is dark. During the wound management it was revealed that a vessel in the anterior part of the neck below the hyoid bone was damaged. Identify this vessel:

17. Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old child revealed a marked edema of the soft tissues of neck and enlarged tonsils. Pharyngeal mucosa was covered with numerous dense whitish-yellow pellicles exposing deep ulcers after their removal. Histological examination of the pharyngeal mucosa revealed necrosis of the upper epithelial layers, impregnation of the mucous memrane with the fibrinous exudate and moderate leukocyte infiltration. What infectious disease caused the death of the child?

18. A 69-year-old male patient got a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epithelial cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape with hyperchromic nuclei with a high mitotic rate. What is the histological form of carcinoma in this patient?

19. A 12-year-old girl has a bleeding ulcer 5 mm in diameter which is localized on the mouth floor. The ulcer is surrounded by bright-red tissue that turns white when pressed. Microscopic examination of a biopsy sample reveals a tumor constituted by a number of large cavities filled with blood. The cavities are lined with endothelial cells. Between the cavities there is stroma represented by the loose connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

20. A patient with inflammation of tongue mucosa (glossitis) complains of taste sensitivity disorder in the two anterior thirds of his tongue. This is caused by the damage of the following nerve:

21. Autopsy of a dead man with no fixed abode revealed the aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Microscopy of the middle tunica of aorta revealed lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates, plasma cells, fibroblast cells with some Pirogov-Langhans cells, endovasculitis. What disease should be suspected?

22. A 24-year-old patient with catarrhal tonsillitis has ben administered a drug from the group of sulfonamides. Specify the mechanism of sulfonamide antibacterial action:  

23. A 39-year-old patient with arthritis of the temporomandibular joint has been administered diclofenac sodium. It must be kept in mind that the side effect of prolonged use of this drug is: 

24. A physician collects the patient’s history of the post-embryonic period of ontogenesis from birth to puberty. In this case we are talking about:

25. As a result of injury of tongue a 32-year-old male had a heavy bleeding. The bleeding can be stopped by ligating an artery in the following topographic anatomic region (triangle):