Final test in Reading Form 10 Gymnasium 23

Read the text and match the choices. There are two choices you do not need to use.

1. Chocolate is made from the seeds of the tree Theobroma cacao. The ancient Aztecs used the beans of the cacao tree as a form of money. The Aztecs discovered that by the crushing the beans into a paste and adding spices, they could make a refreshing drink. This drink was very bitter, not like our chocolate drinks today. 16th century European explorers brought the drink back from their travels, added sugar and soon it was popular as an expensive luxury.

You can receive "sweet tooth" from your parents. Recent study at New York University suggests there is a genetic reason why some people prefer sugary foods. The study was based on two groups of mice. The parents of the first group was given sweetened water and the parents of the second group - unsweetened water. The team found the gene that was different in the two groups of mice and then looked for similar genetic chains in human.

3. All modern chocolate products have large amount of sugar, a fact that may partly explain why it becomes a sort of drug for some people. An ability to recognize sweet theings and a tendency to like them was very usuful for out forefathers. Such a genetic quality made prehistoric humans look for energy-rich, healthy and tasty food such as fruit, and help them avoid bitter-tasting poisonous plants.

4. Like other sweet food, chocolate helps endorphins, natural hormones that give us the feeling of pleasure and well-being, to appear in our body. Chocolate also makes us feel good by reacting with our brain. Scientists say that some people may develop chocoholism - an addiction to chocolate. So, it's just possible that, with every bar of chocolate, your brain changes step by step in oder to make you love chocolate more and more.

5. Back in the 17th and 18th centuries many scientific works were written explaining the advatages of chocolate for medicine and today it's a regular food in army rations. Chocolate could help prevent tooth decay, accorging to scientist at Japan's Osaka University. The cacao beans from which chocolate is made have an antibacterial agent that fights decay. These parts of the beans are not usually used in chocolate ptoduction, but in future they could be added back in to chocolate to make it friendly for teeth.

Read the text and choose the correct answer.

For company and conversation the English go to the pub. In the cafes you can have only coffee, tea and soft drinks. You go to a cafe for a meal or for a quick cup of tea, but not to sit and watch the world go by. When you want to rest after a day's work, you go to a public house.

Most pubs have a piano and on Saturday night the customers often sit round and sing. The people who want to sing ask one of the customers to play the piano. They buy drinks for the pianist, which is the custom. When he stops he becomes an ordinary customer again.

The pub is the place, where you meet people. You get to know other "regulars", and you talk. You talk about the weather or how the English cricket players are doing in the match against Australia, about football or Parliament. But the regulars who meet there almost every night for years never go into each other's homes.

On Saturday people usually stay in the pub till closing time. In England the opening hours are fixed by law. Pubs open at ten in the morning and close at two o'clock. Then they open again at six and stay open until ten thirty. At Easter or Christmas or the New Year the landlord may ask the authotities to keep open longer.

1. Pubs differ from cafes by

For company and conversation the English go to the pub. In the cafes you can have only coffee, tea and soft drinks. You go to a cafe for a meal or for a quick cup of tea, but not to sit and watch the world go by. When you want to rest after a day's work, you go to a public house.

Most pubs have a piano and on Saturday night the customers often sit round and sing. The people who want to sing ask one of the customers to play the piano. They buy drinks for the pianist, which is the custom. When he stops he becomes an ordinary customer again.

The pub is the place, where you meet people. You get to know other "regulars", and you talk. You talk about the weather or how the English cricket players are doing in the match against Australia, about football or Parliament. But the regulars who meet there almost every night for years never go into each other's homes.

On Saturday people usually stay in the pub till closing time. In England the opening hours are fixed by law. Pubs open at ten in the morning and close at two o'clock. Then they open again at six and stay open until ten thirty. At Easter or Christmas or the New Year the landlord may ask the authotities to keep open longer.

2. Who usually plays the piano in most pubs?

For company and conversation the English go to the pub. In the cafes you can have only coffee, tea and soft drinks. You go to a cafe for a meal or for a quick cup of tea, but not to sit and watch the world go by. When you want to rest after a day's work, you go to a public house.

Most pubs have a piano and on Saturday night the customers often sit round and sing. The people who want to sing ask one of the customers to play the piano. They buy drinks for the pianist, which is the custom. When he stops he becomes an ordinary customer again.

The pub is the place, where you meet people. You get to know other "regulars", and you talk. You talk about the weather or how the English cricket players are doing in the match against Australia, about football or Parliament. But the regulars who meet there almost every night for years never go into each other's homes.

On Saturday people usually stay in the pub till closing time. In England the opening hours are fixed by law. Pubs open at ten in the morning and close at two o'clock. Then they open again at six and stay open until ten thirty. At Easter or Christmas or the New Year the landlord may ask the authotities to keep open longer.

3. What do customers usually do in the pub?

For company and conversation the English go to the pub. In the cafes you can have only coffee, tea and soft drinks. You go to a cafe for a meal or for a quick cup of tea, but not to sit and watch the world go by. When you want to rest after a day's work, you go to a public house.

Most pubs have a piano and on Saturday night the customers often sit round and sing. The people who want to sing ask one of the customers to play the piano. They buy drinks for the pianist, which is the custom. When he stops he becomes an ordinary customer again.

The pub is the place, where you meet people. You get to know other "regulars", and you talk. You talk about the weather or how the English cricket players are doing in the match against Australia, about football or Parliament. But the regulars who meet there almost every night for years never go into each other's homes.

On Saturday people usually stay in the pub till closing time. In England the opening hours are fixed by law. Pubs open at ten in the morning and close at two o'clock. Then they open again at six and stay open until ten thirty. At Easter or Christmas or the New Year the landlord may ask the authotities to keep open longer.

4. The regulars of the pub

For company and conversation the English go to the pub. In the cafes you can have only coffee, tea and soft drinks. You go to a cafe for a meal or for a quick cup of tea, but not to sit and watch the world go by. When you want to rest after a day's work, you go to a public house.

Most pubs have a piano and on Saturday night the customers often sit round and sing. The people who want to sing ask one of the customers to play the piano. They buy drinks for the pianist, which is the custom. When he stops he becomes an ordinary customer again.

The pub is the place, where you meet people. You get to know other "regulars", and you talk. You talk about the weather or how the English cricket players are doing in the match against Australia, about football or Parliament. But the regulars who meet there almost every night for years never go into each other's homes.

On Saturday people usually stay in the pub till closing time. In England the opening hours are fixed by law. Pubs open at ten in the morning and close at two o'clock. Then they open again at six and stay open until ten thirty. At Easter or Christmas or the New Year the landlord may ask the authotities to keep open longer.

5. Pubs are

Read the text and match the choices to the paragraphs. There are two choices you do not need to use.

The New Year's Eve, December 31, is more important to Americans than New Year's Day itself. In the United States the federal holiday is January 1, but most people begin celebrating on December,31. Sometimes they have masquerade balls, where guests dress up in costumes and cover their faces with masks. According to an old tradition, guests unmask at midnight. Many Americans watch television as part of the festivities. Most of the television channels show Times Square in the heart of New York City.

This holiday is known for

Martin Luter King Jr, a distinguished African American, organized and led the civil rights movement in the United States during the 1960s. During the 1963 march on Washington, he delivered the stirring and memorable "I have a dream" speech to a quarter million people gathered before the Lincoln Memorial.

This holiday is known for

The holiday commemorates the birthdays of G. Washington, the first president of the United States and A. Lincoln, the president during the Civil War (1861-1865).

This holiday is known for

Memorial Day is the day on which Americans remember those who died in the service of their country. Many families visit graves and decorate them with flowers and the day is also marked with patriotic parades. This day is considered the beginning of the summer season.

This holiday is known for

Independence Day in the USA is a national holiday. It commemorates the day the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia on June 4, 1776. This holiday is celebrated all over the country with picnics, political speeches and community get-togethers that culminate in firework displays.

Which holiday is known for

The first Thanksgiving Day was observed by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1621 to give thanks for the bountiful harvest and their triumph of survival over the wilderness. Now it is a time when Americans give thanks for the good life they enjoy and celebrate by getting together with family and friends to eat traditional foods such as turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie.

This holiday is known for