medical microbiology

Treponema pallidum antigens 

Venereal Diseases Laboratory Test

Absorption test for fluorescent antitreponemic antibodies 

Rapid plasma reagent test

Solid phase immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 

Corpuscular vaccine containing heat-inactivated hepatitis B virus. 

Live vaccine containing attenuated hepatitis B virus. 

Subcellular (subunit) vaccine containing purified hepatitis B virus core HBc antigens. 

Subcellular (subunit) vaccine containing purified HBs antigens on the surface of the hepatitis B virus. 

Neisseria meningitidis 

Streptococcus pyogenes 

Streptococcus pneumoniae 

Haemophilus influenzae b serovaras 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae 

Streptococcaceae family: S. mutans, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes 

Clostridiaceae family: C. botulinum, C. perfringens, C. tetani 

Enterobacteriaceae family: S. enterica, S. sonnei, E. coli 

Enterobacteriaceae family: Y. enterocolitica, C. jejuni, H. pylori 

Aspergillus flavus 

Cryptococcus neoformans 

Trichophyton rubrum 

Entamoeba histolytica 

Candida albicans 

Solid-phase immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antiviral antibodies in the blood.

Immunoblot.

Haemagglutination inhibition reaction.

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. 

Haemadsorption reaction. 

A sub-cell (subunit) vaccine made up of individual rabies virus antigens and used to immunize humans. 

A live vaccine made up of attenuated rabies viruses and used to immunize humans.

Live oral vaccine consisting of attenuated rabies viruses for the immunization of wild animals. 

Immune serum against rabies used for human immunization. 

A corpuscular killed vaccine made up of inactivated rabies viruses and used to immunize humans. 

Detection of exotoxin in the patient's blood serum, food or faeces.

Detection of specific antibodies against the botulinum agent in the blood serum. 

Isolation of a pure culture of the botulism agent from a patient's blood serum. 

Clostridium botulinum spores in a patient's blood serum by microscopy. 

pasteurization of dairy products

protective clothing for people working in high-risk work environments 

immunization of animals with the vaccine

human immunization with the vaccine 

Typhoid fever: source of infection - poultry; transmission path - alimony. 

Escherichiosis: source of infection - human; transmission path - air droplet.

Salmonellosis: source of infection - poultry and wild birds; transmission path - alimony. 

Salmonellosis: the source of the infection is a sick person; route of transmission - faecal oral. 

Shigellosis: source of infection - domestic cattle; transmission path - alimony. 

Herpes simplex virus type 2 

Hepatitis A virus

Human immunodeficiency virus 

Chickenpox virus 

Influenza A virus 

Paragripaviruses 

Paragripaviruses 

Influenza B virus

Rhinoviruses

Human immunodeficiency virus 

Influenza A virus

Measles virus 

chancroid in the mucous membrane of the genitals

hard anchor in the genital mucosa

syphilis granulomas (gums) in various organs 

disseminated rash with red spots and blisters on the skin 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae b serovars 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia pestis 

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Bacillus anthracis 

tick-borne encephalitis virus vectors 

endemic reversible fever vectors 

epidemic vectors of spotted fever 

endemic spotted fever vectors 

Carriers of Lyme borreliosis 

Deoxyribonuclease activity is positive. 

Catalase activity is positive. 

The smear, made from pure culture and stained by the Gram method, shows gram-positive coca- clad coca. 

Mannitol salts in agar form small, S-shaped, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. 

Fermentes glucose and mannitol only under anaerobic conditions. 

Rotavirus 

Influenza A virus 

Cytomegalovirus

Hepatitis B virus

Tick - borne encephalitis virus 

Hepatitis C virus 

Point mutations in influenza A virus genes. 

Transduction between different influenza A viruses.

Conjugation between different influenza A viruses.

Gene exchange (rearrangement) between different influenza A viruses. 

Blood culture and Vidal's reaction. 

Blood crop.

Stool crop.

Vidal's reaction. 

Fecal culture and Vidal's reaction. 

Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterium that forms capsules but does not form spores. 

Sheep blood agar is used to cultivate the legionnaires' disease agent. 

Legionella pneumophila are gram-negative bacteria that do not form capsules and spores. 

The virulence of the legionellosis agent is associated with the inhibition of phagolysosome formation. 

Specially formulated nutrient media are used to cultivate the legionnaires' disease agent. 

Streptococcus pyogenes is highly immunogenic and streptolysin-S is not immunogenic. 

Clostridium botulinum interferes with the release of glycine at synapses. 

Bacillus anthracis is not immunogenic, but is important for the association of edematous or lethal factors with exotoxin formation. 

Clostridium tetani interferes with the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid at synapses. 

Cotnebacterium diphtheriae exotoxin causes cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis in ribosomes. 

R. prowazekii vectors are tree and dog mites. 

R. prowazekii causes epidemic spotted fever. 

R. prowazekii causes endemic spotted typhoid. 

R. prowazekii is the lice of the human body. 

R. prowazekii bacteria have low levels of peptidoglycans in the wall and are therefore not Gram- stained. 

R. prowazekii infects vascular endothelial cells and causes vasculitis. 

Influenza A virus 

Cytomegalovirus 

Measles virus 

Influenza B virus 

Paragripaviruses 

Hepatitis B virus 

Polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine 

Polysaccharide conjugated to protein vaccine 

Тoxoid

Inactivated, corpuscular vaccine

Live, attenuated vaccine 

Subcellular (subunit) vaccine consisting of individual antigens of 3 serovar polio viruses. 

A corpuscular killed vaccine consisting of inactivated 3 serovar polio viruses.

Live oral vaccine consisting of attenuated 3 serovar poliomyelitis viruses.

Toxoid. 

Brucella melitensis 

Vibrio cholerae 

Corynebacterium diphtheriae 

Francisella tularensis 

Yersinia pestis 

Culturing of the diphtheria agent on cysteine tellurite blood agar. 

MALDI-TOF protein mass spectrometry method. 

Polymerase chain reaction method.

Elek immunodiffusion test. 

Staphylococcus aureus 

Salmonella Typhimurium 

Clostridium botulinum 

Listeria monocytogenes 

Campylobacter jejuni 

In neurons

T lymphocytes 

In epithelial cells 

B in lymphocytes 

Levenstein-Jansen agar forms R-shaped colonies with a yellow color. 

The wall contains peptidoglycans.

The wall contains mycolic acids and arabinogalactans. 

Levenstein-Jansen agar forms yellow colonies with a yellow color. 

The wall contains lipopolysaccharides. 

Epstein-Barr virus 

Hepatitis B virus 

Influenza A virus 

Cytomegalovirus 

Chickenpox virus 

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli produces a thermolabile enterotoxin 

Exotoxin A produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pertussis toxin is produced by Bordetella pertussis

Tracheal cytotoxin is produced by Bordetella pertussis 

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli produces a thermostable enterotoxin 

is produced by Vibrio cholerae 

Bacillus anthracis toxin composed of a protective antigen and an edematous factor 

Yersinia enterocolitica 

Vibrio cholerae

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 

Salmonella Typhi 

Salmonella Typhimurium 

Pyoderma

Scarlet fever

Rose

Burnt skin syndrome 

Osteomyelitis 

Cytomegalovirus 

Treponema pallidum 

Chlamydia trachomatis 

Epstein-Barr virus

Human immunodeficiency virus 

Toxoplasma gondii 

P. aeruginosa bacteria produce protein capsules made up of glutamic acid. 

P. aeruginosa is a mobile, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. 

P. aeruginosa is a mobile, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

P. aeruginosa bacteria produce polysaccharide capsules composed of alginate.

P. aeruginosa bacteria produce pioverdin, which gives the colonies a yellowish-green tinge. 

P. aeruginosa bacteria form biofilms. 

C. trachomatis reticular cells are infectious. 

C. trachomatis inhibits phagolysosome formation.

C. trachomatis causes venous lymphogranulomatosis.

C. trachomatis can infect macrophages.

elemental cells of C. trachomatis are metabolically active. 

C. trachomatis in the test substance. 

In neurons

T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes 

In epithelial cells 

Listeria monocytogenes are optional anaerobic bacteria that can grow at ambient temperatures of 4 ° C. 

Listeria monocytogenes are agile, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria.

Listeria monocytogenes are anaerobic bacteria that can grow at ambient temperatures of 37 ° C. 

The virulence of the listeriosis agent is associated with the production of pore-forming cytolysin and ActA protein. 

Listeria monocytogenes are immobile, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. 

It most commonly occurs in newborns and infants.

Develops due to exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus . 

The causative agent is Streptococcus pyogenes.

Develops due to erythogenic toxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes . 

The causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus . 

Differentiate Salmonella Typhi infection from Salmonella Paratyphi A and B infections. 

Vidal's reaction is used as a serological test method to diagnose salmonellosis. 

Vidalia reaction is used as a serological test method to diagnose typhoid fever.

Vidal's reaction is used as a serological test method to diagnose shigellosis. 

Influenza A virus 

Hepatitis B virus

Human immunodeficiency virus 

Chickenpox virus

Hepatitis D virus 

Cytomegalovirus 

Hepatitis C virus 

Hepatitis D virus 

Hepatitis B virus 

Hepatitis A virus 

A double-stranded DNA molecule.

Single - stranded reverse (-) RNA molecule. 

A single-stranded forward (+) RNA molecule. 

A double-stranded direct (+) RNA molecule. 

Helicobacter pylori 

Campylobacter jejuni 

Salmonella Typhimurium 

Shigella dysenteriae