11. Food. Use of English./ Reading.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

A Brief History of Chocolate

When most of us hear the word chocolate, we (1) ______ a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to (2) ______ is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most suited adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was (3) _____ a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

Etymologists (4) ______ the origin of the word “chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl”, which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans.

Many modern historians have (5) ______ that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research (6) ______ that it may be even older. The earliest evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back three or even four millennia, to pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec. Last November, anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania announced the (7) ______ of cacao remains on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as 1400 BC.

It’s hard to pin down (8) ______ when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered (9) ______ enough to use as currency. Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even divine, properties, (10) ______ for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

II. Read the text and choose the best ending.

A Tradition of Making Maple Syrup.

Shirley Fulton-Deugo and six generations of her family carry on a tradition of making maple syrup. “When the sap starts running from maple trees in late February or March, our family does too,” Shirley remarks.“Cold nights and warm days are essential to start the sap flowing,” she reports. “Typically, ̒sugaring off ̓ season runs from 4 to 6 weeks (1)______.” “My husband and our children work together with our crew to string more than 40 miles of plastic pipelines. When the lines are in place they connect 4,000 generous maples to the sugar camp (2)______. Here sap is collected and boiled down to maple syrup and stirred into sugar candies.”

“It takes 40 gallons of sap (3)______. In general, the lighter the syrup is, the more delicate the taste. It grows darker and stronger as the season progresses.”

The farm also features a 120-seat restaurant and gift shop, walking trails and maple-flavoured tours (4)______. Some 30,000 visitors from over 100 countries have taken their sweet time observing and sampling the appetizing operation.

“During weekends, we offer horse-drawn wagon rides, fiddle music and children’s activities like making maple sweets. Of course, our family members, (5)_____, answer questions and explain the history of syrup making.”

Lately, the Fultons have been passing the syrup to tables as far as Japan. “It’s exciting to ship our home-made goods to people (6)_____,” Shirley notes.

A Tradition of Making Maple Syrup.

Shirley Fulton-Deugo and six generations of her family carry on a tradition of making maple syrup. “When the sap starts running from maple trees in late February or March, our family does too,” Shirley remarks.“Cold nights and warm days are essential to start the sap flowing,” she reports. “Typically, ̒sugaring off ̓ season runs from 4 to 6 weeks (1)______.” “My husband and our children work together with our crew to string more than 40 miles of plastic pipelines. When the lines are in place they connect 4,000 generous maples to the sugar camp (2)______. Here sap is collected and boiled down to maple syrup and stirred into sugar candies.”

“It takes 40 gallons of sap (3)______. In general, the lighter the syrup is, the more delicate the taste. It grows darker and stronger as the season progresses.”

The farm also features a 120-seat restaurant and gift shop, walking trails and maple-flavoured tours (4)______. Some 30,000 visitors from over 100 countries have taken their sweet time observing and sampling the appetizing operation.

“During weekends, we offer horse-drawn wagon rides, fiddle music and children’s activities like making maple sweets. Of course, our family members, (5)_____, answer questions and explain the history of syrup making.”

Lately, the Fultons have been passing the syrup to tables as far as Japan. “It’s exciting to ship our home-made goods to people (6)_____,” Shirley notes.

A Tradition of Making Maple Syrup.

Shirley Fulton-Deugo and six generations of her family carry on a tradition of making maple syrup. “When the sap starts running from maple trees in late February or March, our family does too,” Shirley remarks.“Cold nights and warm days are essential to start the sap flowing,” she reports. “Typically, ̒sugaring off ̓ season runs from 4 to 6 weeks (1)______.” “My husband and our children work together with our crew to string more than 40 miles of plastic pipelines. When the lines are in place they connect 4,000 generous maples to the sugar camp (2)______. Here sap is collected and boiled down to maple syrup and stirred into sugar candies.”

“It takes 40 gallons of sap (3)______. In general, the lighter the syrup is, the more delicate the taste. It grows darker and stronger as the season progresses.”

The farm also features a 120-seat restaurant and gift shop, walking trails and maple-flavoured tours (4)______. Some 30,000 visitors from over 100 countries have taken their sweet time observing and sampling the appetizing operation.

“During weekends, we offer horse-drawn wagon rides, fiddle music and children’s activities like making maple sweets. Of course, our family members, (5)_____, answer questions and explain the history of syrup making.”

Lately, the Fultons have been passing the syrup to tables as far as Japan. “It’s exciting to ship our home-made goods to people (6)_____,” Shirley notes.

A Tradition of Making Maple Syrup.

Shirley Fulton-Deugo and six generations of her family carry on a tradition of making maple syrup. “When the sap starts running from maple trees in late February or March, our family does too,” Shirley remarks.“Cold nights and warm days are essential to start the sap flowing,” she reports. “Typically, ̒sugaring off ̓ season runs from 4 to 6 weeks (1)______.” “My husband and our children work together with our crew to string more than 40 miles of plastic pipelines. When the lines are in place they connect 4,000 generous maples to the sugar camp (2)______. Here sap is collected and boiled down to maple syrup and stirred into sugar candies.”

“It takes 40 gallons of sap (3)______. In general, the lighter the syrup is, the more delicate the taste. It grows darker and stronger as the season progresses.”

The farm also features a 120-seat restaurant and gift shop, walking trails and maple-flavoured tours (4)______. Some 30,000 visitors from over 100 countries have taken their sweet time observing and sampling the appetizing operation.

“During weekends, we offer horse-drawn wagon rides, fiddle music and children’s activities like making maple sweets. Of course, our family members, (5)_____, answer questions and explain the history of syrup making.”

Lately, the Fultons have been passing the syrup to tables as far as Japan. “It’s exciting to ship our home-made goods to people (6)_____,” Shirley notes.

A Tradition of Making Maple Syrup.

Shirley Fulton-Deugo and six generations of her family carry on a tradition of making maple syrup. “When the sap starts running from maple trees in late February or March, our family does too,” Shirley remarks.“Cold nights and warm days are essential to start the sap flowing,” she reports. “Typically, ̒sugaring off ̓ season runs from 4 to 6 weeks (1)______.” “My husband and our children work together with our crew to string more than 40 miles of plastic pipelines. When the lines are in place they connect 4,000 generous maples to the sugar camp (2)______. Here sap is collected and boiled down to maple syrup and stirred into sugar candies.”

“It takes 40 gallons of sap (3)______. In general, the lighter the syrup is, the more delicate the taste. It grows darker and stronger as the season progresses.”

The farm also features a 120-seat restaurant and gift shop, walking trails and maple-flavoured tours (4)______. Some 30,000 visitors from over 100 countries have taken their sweet time observing and sampling the appetizing operation.

“During weekends, we offer horse-drawn wagon rides, fiddle music and children’s activities like making maple sweets. Of course, our family members, (5)_____, answer questions and explain the history of syrup making.”

Lately, the Fultons have been passing the syrup to tables as far as Japan. “It’s exciting to ship our home-made goods to people (6)_____,” Shirley notes.

A Tradition of Making Maple Syrup.

Shirley Fulton-Deugo and six generations of her family carry on a tradition of making maple syrup. “When the sap starts running from maple trees in late February or March, our family does too,” Shirley remarks.“Cold nights and warm days are essential to start the sap flowing,” she reports. “Typically, ̒sugaring off ̓ season runs from 4 to 6 weeks (1)______.” “My husband and our children work together with our crew to string more than 40 miles of plastic pipelines. When the lines are in place they connect 4,000 generous maples to the sugar camp (2)______. Here sap is collected and boiled down to maple syrup and stirred into sugar candies.”

“It takes 40 gallons of sap (3)______. In general, the lighter the syrup is, the more delicate the taste. It grows darker and stronger as the season progresses.”

The farm also features a 120-seat restaurant and gift shop, walking trails and maple-flavoured tours (4)______. Some 30,000 visitors from over 100 countries have taken their sweet time observing and sampling the appetizing operation.

“During weekends, we offer horse-drawn wagon rides, fiddle music and children’s activities like making maple sweets. Of course, our family members, (5)_____, answer questions and explain the history of syrup making.”

Lately, the Fultons have been passing the syrup to tables as far as Japan. “It’s exciting to ship our home-made goods to people (6)_____,” Shirley notes.