І етап Всеукраїнської учнівської олімпіади з англійської мови 2023 (11 клас)

І LISTENING COMPREHENSION TEST

Watch a video about the history of Halloween. https://youtu.be/R-VRAemIvbI

For questions 1 to 6, choose the correct answer.

1. For the Celts, 31st October was...

2. That day, the villagers lit big bonfires...

3. All Saints Day...

4. When the Irish arrived in America, they...

5. The children wore masks...

6. The neirhgbours gave candy to the youngsters...

ІІ READING COMPREHENSION TEST

TEXT 1

STEP 1 - Read the following article: 

A cause of obesity in young children

A new study has linked a later bedtime with an increased risk of obesity for kids -- although the researchers say parents shouldn't rush to put their preschoolers to sleep earlier as a result.

Instead, concerned moms and dads should focus on maintaining a regular routine when it comes to scheduling meal and bed times, said Dr. Claude Marcus, a professor of pediatrics at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and an author of the study, which published Tuesday in the journal Pediatrics.

The research, which was part of a wider study on obesity, focused on 107 children in Sweden, with 64 of the children having a parent who classified as overweight or obese.

The researchers monitored each child's weight, height and waist circumference from ages one to six; all of the children had similar measurements when the study started. Sleep was measured for seven consecutive days once a year for the length of the study by using a tracker worn on the child's wrist.

They found that children who habitually went to sleep late -- defined by the researchers as past 9 p.m. -- had a wider waist and higher BMI (body mass index) by the end of the study.

"This late bedtime was one factor that really stood out. It was associated with increased weight," said Marcus. "However, what we can see is [only] an association. If you put your kids to bed earlier, would it change anything? That's something we don't know." Marcus suggested that staying up beyond 9 p.m. could be one sign of an overall lifestyle that puts kids at greater risk of being overweight, rather than their weight gain being directly connected to their bedtime.

He noted that kids' bedtimes around the world vary widely -- with kids in places like Spain and some parts of Asia habitually staying up much later than the study's cut-off time.

"My personal hypothesis is that this is more of a marker of a more irregular life," he said. In a linked commentary on the research, Dr. Nicole Glaser and Dr. Dennis Styne, both pediatric endocrinologists at UC Davis Health in Sacramento, California, said it was possible that obesity and inadequate sleep might be due to other influences, such as "excess screen time, inadequate exercise, or less vigilance overall about health habits on the part of the family."

STEP 2 - Answer these questions (choose the best answer):

1. The study mentioned in the article was conducted in ____________.

2. The study found that children who went to bed late generally ____________.

3. The article mentions that kids in Asia and Spain generally go to bed ____________ kids in Sweden.

4. Did researchers find a concrete reason for the link between going to bed late and obesity?

5. Were seven year olds included in the study?

ІІ READING COMPREHENSION TEST

TEXT 2

STEP 1 - Read the following article: 

Swimming under Antarctic Ice (melting glaciers/ climate change)

Fifty-year-old Lewis Pugh says he was terrified when he plunged into the water of East Antarctica in nothing but swim briefs, a swim cap and goggles. He was even more terrified when he swam below the Antarctic ice sheet, through melting tunnels -- though he said it was the most beautiful swim he's ever done.

Pugh is known for swimming in Arctic water to raise awareness for climate change, but on January 23, he became the first person to swim in a supraglacial lake -- a lake that has formed on top of a glacier because of melting ice.

"(The swim) was terrifying for a number of reasons," Pugh told CNN. "First, the water is so cold for a swimmer. It was 0 degrees centigrade, just above freezing. But also, it illustrates very very graphically what is happening in East Antarctica."

The point he was trying to make, he said, is that it shouldn't be possible to do the swim, but it is because of cracks in the glacier.

Pugh said he was motivated by a September 2019 study in the journal Scientific Reports that discovered more than 65,000 supraglacial lakes on East Antarctica's ice sheet. The study explains that supraglacial water is concerning because it can pour into cracks, fracturing glaciers and speeding up glacier melting and sea level rise.

This alarms Pugh, who says climate change is already moving rapidly. He says he wants immediate action at this November's climate change negotiations in Glasgow, Scotland, which is why he chose to go swimming in an area that he calls "the front line of climate change."

"I'm saying to world leaders please, come to Glasgow, come there with a lot of ambition," Pugh said, "Step up, or step aside, because we simply don't have any more time on our hands."

STEP 2 - Answer these questions (choose the best answer):

1. A supraglacial lake forms because of ________________.

2. Which of the following is NOT true?

3. Is this Lewis Pugh's first time swimming in Arctic water?

4. The water that Lewis was swimming in was ______________.

5. Lewis wants world leaders _______________.

TEXT 3

A Laconic Answer

The Lacons lived in that part of Southern Greece which was called Laconia. The people who lived there were very brave. They loved their Motherland and defended it from all the enemies. Everybody knew that their life was very simple. They tried to follow the laws of their country and never spoke long. "The shorter the better," was their rule. "Never use more words than you need," was another rule. And nowadays as you probably know a very short answer is often called a laconic answer, because the Lacons usually gave such short answers.

In Northern Greece there was a land called Macedonia. The King Philip ruled there. He was not very clever and he was not very brave, but he wanted to become the king of all Greece. So, he collected a great army and soon he became the master of all Greece. Only Laconia was not conquered. Then the King Philip wrote a letter and sent it to the brave Lacons. The letter said: "If I win the battle with your army, I will become your king and ruin your great city."

A few days later an answer was brought back to him. The King Philip found only one word in it. The word was very short, and that was "If".

1. Where was Laconia situated?

2. What kind of people lived there?

3. What were the rules of the people who lived in Laconia?

4. What kind of life did the Lacons have?

5. Who ruled Macedonia?

6. What kind of man was Philip?

7. Where was Macedonia situated?

8. What did the King Philip want?

9. What part of Greece was not conquered by Philip?

10. What did he write to the Lacons in his letter?

III USE OF ENGLISH

For questions 1- 8, read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap.

The Netherlands

Welcome to the Netherlands, a tiny country that only extends, at its broadest, 312 km north to south, and 264 km east to west - (1) ... the land area increases slightly each year as a (2) ... of continuous land reclamation and drainage. With a lot of heart and much to offer, 'Holland,' as it is (3) ... known to most of us abroad - a name stemming (4) ... its once most prominent provinces - has more going on per kilometre than most countries, and more English-speaking natives. You'll be impressed by its (5) ... cities and charmed by its countryside and villages, full of contrasts. From the exciting variety (6) ... offer, you could choose a romantic canal boat tour in Amsterdam, a Royal Tour by coach in The Hague, or a hydrofoil tour around the biggest harbour in the world - Rotterdam. In season you could visit the dazzling bulb fields, enjoy a full day on a boat, or take a bike tour through the pancake-flat countryside spiced with windmills. The possibilities are countless and the nationwide tourist office, which is on hand to give you information and (7) ... reservations. You'll have (8) ... language problems here, as the Dutch are true linguists and English is spoken here almost universally.

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III USE OF ENGLISH

For questions 1- 8, read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap.

Most people are born with the natural ability to (0) stories, but only a rare few have the determination to become professional authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels top the (1) of bestselling books. Some of the world's famous crime writers have achieved the (2) success of all. Who can deny the appeal of famous detectives like Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you haven't read the (3) books you will have seen them in films or on the TV.

If you have an ambition to become the next Agatha Christie what should you do? The best starting (4) is to read lots of examples of crime fiction written by good authors. You will need a notebook to carry around with you or, even better, some loose (5) of paper that you can (6) notes on and then file into a folder. After all, the most everyday situation - for example, watching a woman get (7) a train - may be the inspiration for your first bestseller.

Like any good recipe you have to know the main (8) of a successful novel. These are: an original story, strong characters and a memorable setting.

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