Anest. Day 5, 2nd sem, Anesthesia in children. Features of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children Asphyxia of newborns. Obstetric bleeding. Hemorrhagic shock. Eclampsia. Amniotic fluid embolism

Lorazepam

Magnesium sulfate

Clonazepam

Felbamate

Phenobarbital

Levetiracetam

Divalproex sodium

Primidone

molar pregnancy

multigravida

age < 20 years

multiple pregnancy

family history 

it is due to a state of fluid overload

the oedema must be generalized

the proteinuria often occurs after the odema and hypertension

if left untreated it can progress to eclampsia and the HELLP syndrome

it is characterized by ischemia and thrombosis of end organs 

seizures are usually self terminating if left untreated but will recur

magnesium sulphate 4gm should be given over 15 minutes for seizure control, then infused at 1gm per hour

the desired BP is a diastolic BP of 90mmHg

magnesium sulphate does not lower BP

hydrallazine is the agent of choice to lower BP, 5mg every 20 minutes 

there is status epilepticus

no proteinuria or hypertension

focal neurological signs

it responds to benzodiazapines

there is a persistently decreased conscious post seizure 

it is the most common cause of death if the mother survives

the incidence in minor trauma is up to 5% and up to 50% in major trauma

it can occur up to 4 hours post accident

CTG monitoring for a 4 hours is thought to predict nearly all pts of minor trauma who will develop placental abruption

It is characterized by pelvic pain uterine contractions and vaginal bleeding

can be associated with a mortality rate of 80%

has an incidence of 1 in 2000 pregnancies

is an uncommon cause of peripartum death

is associated with a small chance of complications in survivors

only presents during labour or caesarean section

arterial emboli most often lodge in the viscera

pulmonary emboli are rarely multiple

amniotic fluid emboli are associated with the highest mortality

all emboli consist of either a gas or a solid intravascular mass

most pulmonary emboli produce signs of respiratory compromise or distress

is seen in 0.5% of all deliveries

is associated with a 20%to 40% mortality rate

causes profound haemorrhage, due to the haemophilic properties of amniotic fluid

is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in 20% of affected patients

is due to rupture of uterine arteries 

Pulmonary embolism

Postpartum haemorrhage

Post-natal depression

Amniotic fluid embolism

Infection

Duodenal atresia

Placental choriangioma

Diabetes

Oesophageal atresia

Renal agenesis

with the heel of one hand and the other hand on top of the first

with the heel of one hand only

with 4 fingers of one hand

with 2 fingers of one hand

with the thumb of one hand

circulating blood volume in an adult is approximately 4% of body mass

patients who have an impaired level of consciousness due to blood loss have generally lost at least 40% of their circulating blood volume

β-blockers may mask the early signs of hypovolaemic shock

the management of catastrophic haemorrhage should take priority over airway management

venous bleeding is generally less serious than arterial bleeding

adults, if the rescuer is trained

adults, if the rescuer is untrained

children less than 8 years old, if the rescuer is untrained

children less than 8 years old, if the rescuer is trained

adult drowning victims.

Normal muscle tone

Bradycardia

Opisthotonos

Respiratory depression

Seizures