Англійська залік 2 курс 50-100

51. In patients with glycogenolysis, that is von Gierke’s disease, the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose is inhibited, which is accompanied by the improper breakdown of glycogen in the liver. The cause of this condition is the following enzyme deficiency:

52. A 68-year-old female patient with a history of glaucoma has increased intraocular pressure with normal secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary body. The inadequate outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber is associated with the damage to the following structure of the eyeball wall:

53. A 36-year-old injured has an occipital bone injury causing damage to the sigmoid sinus. What part of the bone is damaged?

54. During a hypertensive crisis a patient has had a hemorrhagic stroke resulting in a lack of voluntary movements, increased tendon reflexes and muscle tone of the left arm and leg. What is this motor dysfunction called?

55. In a hot weather, the microclimate in hot rooms is often normalized by fans. At the same time heat radiation from the human body increases through:

56. A 47-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (lockjaw). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?

57. A 28-year-old patient complains of frequent gingival haemorrhages. Blood test revealed the clotting factor II (prothrombin) deficiency. What phase of blood coagulation is impaired in this patient?

58. A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:

59. During anesthesia of the oral mucosa a 37-year-old patient has had anaphylactic reaction (widespread vasodilation, increased vascular permeability with liquid exiting the blood vessels and penetrating in the tissues). What type of hypersensitivity reaction occurred in the patient?

60. After using a toothpaste a 27year-old patient has developed Quincke’s edema. Administer a drug from the group of histamine H1-receptor antagonists for the treatment of this condition:

61. A 39-year-old patient with pyelonephritis has been found to have hyposthenuria combined with polyuria. According to this data, what process is most likely to be disrupted?

62. Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein which has an ability to bind calcium ions due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain:

63. Hormonal form of a certain vitamin induces genome level synthesis of Ca-binding proteins and enterocytes thus regulating the intestinal absorption of Ca 2+ ions required for dental tissue development. What vitamin is it?

64. A 28-year-old patient had been diagnosed with multifragmental fracture of the right hip. On the third day after the injury he began to complain of pain in the right side of chest, difficult respiration. A day later the patient died of progressive heart and respiratory failure. Histological study of pulmonary and cerebral blood vessels revealed orange sudanophilic droplets that completely obstructed the vessels of microvasculature. What complication caused the death of the patient?

65. A 49-year-old mae has mitral stenosis. What is the leading mechanism of heart failure in this case?

66. A paroxysm of tachycardia occurred in a patient undergoing a dental procedure. Which of the following drugs should be used to relieve it?

67. A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed the erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?

68. One of the means of regulating enzyme activity in a human body is the covalent modification. Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase activity is regulated by the following type of covalent modification:

69. A 36-year-old male patient has malabsorption of sodium ions from the intestinal lumen into blood. At the same time, absorption of the following substances REMAINS UNCHANGED:

70. A 49-year-old patient was found to have a disproportionate enlargement of hands, feet, nose, ears, superciliary arches and cheek bones. Blood test revealed hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance. What is the most likely cause of this pathology development?

71. A 36-year-old female patient who has been limiting the number of foodstuffs in her diet for 3 months presents with a decrease in body weight, deterioration of physical and mental health, face edemata. These changes may be caused by the deficiency of the following nutrients:

72. Loose fibrous connective tissue of salivary glands contains oval averagesized cells which synthesize antibodies. The cells have round eccentric nucleus and "spoke-wheel"chromatin pattern made by small clumps of chromatin. What are these cells called?

73. A 32-year-old female has gingivitis accompanied by gingival hypoxia. At the same time, the level of the following metabolite of carbohydrate metabolism is greatly increased in periodontal tissues:

74. A female with Rh-negative blood of A (II) type has a child with AB(IV) type who has been diagnosed with hemolytic disease resulting from Rh-conflict. What blood type may the baby’s father have?

75. A 36-year-old patient had had a traumatic brain injury which caused a swallowing impairment. Which part of brain was affected?

76. A histological specimen represents an organ whose wall consists of the mucosa, submucosa, fibrocartilage and adventitious cartilage. The organ is lined by pseudostratified ciliary epithelium, the muscular layer of the mucosa is absent, the submucosa contains seromucous glands. Hyaline cartilage C-rings are present. What organ has the described morphological characteristics?

77. Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the donor:

78. Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain the parasitic protozoa. It is established that they relate to the Sarcodina class. Specify these singlecelled organisms:

79. A 1-year-old child with the symptoms of affection of limb and trunk muscles had been admitted to a hospital. Examination revealed muscle carnitine deficiency. The biochemical basis of this pathology is a disruption of the following process:

80. A 38-year-old female patient complains of bleeding gums, halitosis, exposure of tooth necks. Objectively: the patient has gingivitis, plaque and tartar. Inflammation involves the alveolar part of gingiva with dental pockets. The bone tissue exhibits signs of bone resorption. What pathology does the patient have?

81. Examination of a patient revealed a hard palate tumor in form of a small dense gray node without clear boundaries. Histological study of the tumor after its removal revealed the following peculiarities: the tumor was constituted by small cubic cells with hyperchromatic nucleus forming alveoli, trabeculae, solid and cribriform structures. The tumor growth could be charactrized as invasive. Specify the tumor:

82. A 36-year-old patient presents with periodontitis of the mandibular molar. It was found that inflammation had spread to the lymph nodes. What lymph nodes were the first to be involved in the inflammatory process?

83. A physician performs the anterior transverse cervical skin incision for urgent tracheotomy. He should keep in mind the probability of damaging the following vessel:

84. Ultrasonography of a pregnant revealed no abnormalities in the cardiovascular system of the fetus, the ductus arteriosus had a normal function. What vessels does it connect?

85. A man visited Lebanon. Soon after return he felt pain and heaviness in the perineum and suprapubic region. On examination he was diagnosed with urogenital schistosomiasis. In what way could he become infected?

86. After arriving in the polar region, researchers from Australia have complained of nervous disorders, loss of appetite, aggravation of chronic diseases for 6 months. What process has been disrupted in extreme conditions?

87. In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:

88. When examining the oral caity of a 22-year-old patient, the dentist noticed a destroyed medial tubercle on the cutting edge of the right maxillary first molar. This tubercle is called:

89. During reproduction of some RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse transcription is called:

90. To prevent the seasonal influenza epidemics in the city hospitals, sanitary epidemic station gave orders to immunize health care workers. Which of the following preparations should be used for immunization?

91. A 25-year-old patient with a hereditary enzymopathy (Gilbert’s disease) has a disorder of bilirubin conjugation in liver. What enzyme is not synthesized in this patient?

92. Orthodontic treatment of a child proved to be ineffective due to the chronic mouth breathing since the nasal breathing is impaired. This is caused by the hypertrophy of the following tonsils:

93. A 35-year-old patient complains of pain in the upper jaw, bleeding, a slight loosening of teeth. He has been diagnosed with periodontitis. What is a typical pathological process in this case?

94. A patient consulted a doctor about difficult chewing. On examination he was found to have the atrophy of the right temporal muscle and masticatory muscles. Upon opening the mouth, the patient’s jaw deviates to the left. What nerve is affected?

95. For several days a 55-year-old female patient has had pain attacks in the right upper quadrant after eating fatty foods. Visually, there is yellowness of sclera and skin. The patient has acholous stool, beer-colored urine. What substance present in the patient’s urine causes its dark color?

96. A 24-year-old injured has a fracture in the middle third of the II rib. The fracture is accompanied by the dysfunction of the following muscle:

97. A 9-year-old child has multiple lesions of the oral mucosa in form of small painful hyperemic sores with a white deposit in the center; enlarged and painful submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the affected region revealed a superficial defect covered by fibrin; edematic and hyperemic submucosa with inflammatory infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

98. Study of the histological specimen of a baby’s primary tooth revealed hypoplasia (underdevelopment ) of enamel. This abnormality is caused by the disruptions in the activity of the following cells:

99. Human X chromosome contains a dominant gene that is reponsible for normal blood clotting. An autosomal dominant gene plays a similar role. Lack of any of these genes leads to the coagulation disorder. The form of interaction between these genes is called:

100. A 42-year-old patient with gastric ulcer has a disbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors. Which of the following factors contributes to the development of gastric ulcer?