Krok 1 – Anatomy Base

1. A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of while color and 5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal folds achromic ovums of unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is parasiting on the child?

2. A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache,

pain in left hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness

began with the increase of body temperature up to 39,9oC. In 3 hours the

temperature decreased and hydropoiesis began. The attacks repeat

rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African country.

The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics

is necessary to use?

3. Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns of length have been revealed in a

man's feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a

little bit narrowed forward and wide round shaped back end. On the forward

end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleuses and two short

vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical?

4. A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the

heart and joints and pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of

development of post-infarction Dressler’s syndrome?

5. During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus large arterial (Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into lig.

arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect

between each other?

6. Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the

horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited

pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle is presented?

7. Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive

development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What

tonsils growth may cause this effect?

8. In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of

descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:

9. Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of pelvis cavity are

noticed on the X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones?

10. A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds.

What structures' disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?

11. The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is

10 per/min, and the tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead

space ventilation?

12. During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white

substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal

part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract

of the brain will be disrupted?

13. Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active

centre of enzyme. Name this factor:

14. Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate.

Malonic acid HOOC- CH2-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this

enzyme. Choose the inhibition type:

15. The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical

trainings .What substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all

in this case:

16. A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care.

What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?

17. A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the

preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease

aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason

of this condition?

18. A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied

with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be

suspected?

19. A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin

photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause it?

20. A patient has a malignisation of thoracic part of esophagus. What

lymphatic nodes are regional for this organ?

21. The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in

the condition of hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of

consciousness at the heat stroke?

22. A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s

sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below

is accompanied with decreased ESR?

23. A 55-year-old patien was hospitalized in result of the trauma of the medial

group of femoral muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to

do?

24. A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with

undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?

25. During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the

duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part

of duodenum were the problems found?

26. A 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injure of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?

27. A 32-year-old patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of Bartholin's glands ). In what part of the female urogenital system are the Bartholin's glands located?

28. A 50 year-old patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the hospital. The place of hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres surfaces during the medical examination. What artety was injured ?

29. A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery . What place on the face has to be pressed to stop bleeding?

30. A 19 year-old patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was hospitalized. The surgical operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is to be performed. What artery must be fixed to stop bleeding during the surgical operation?

31. A 45-year-old man fell on the right knee and felt the acute pain in the joint. On examination: severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee joint. Crunching sounds are heard while moving the joint. Which bone is destroyed?

32. During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year- old child her ligament

was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?

33. A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues

between tibia and fibula . What kind of bone connection was injured?

34. Usually the intravenous injection is done into median cubital vein

because it is slightly movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What

does it fix in the cubital fossa?

35. Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of

humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?

36. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in

the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver,

varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is

likely to be?

37. Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag,

the child often has pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure

of ductus arteriosus. Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the

intercommunication of the following vessels:

38. A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department

with diagnosis - suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease

started from the inflammation of the nasopharynx. Through the what

canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the tympanic cavity?

39. Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was

complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of

tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?

40. A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss,

excessive sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you

expect to find elevated in her serum?

41. A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke.

What changes in patient’s behavior may be expected?

42. The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of

myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter

is the most important?

43. It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected

inflammation of brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between

the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the puncture the needle went

through the following ligament:

44. Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure

besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous

base:

45. Obturative jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of

malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what

anatomical structure is squeezed with tumour?

46. The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extention

of subcutaneous venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck,

upper part of the trunk and upper extremities. What venous trunk is

pressed with tumour?

47. A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following

changes of blood count: erythrocytes - 4,0*1012 /l, Нb - 120 g/l, color

index - 0,9, leukocytes – 18*109/l, basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0,

myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20, segmentonuclear

neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear

shift of leukocytic formula called?

48. Patient complains of frequent and difficult urination. Imperfection of what

formation can cause it?

49. Child inspired button. Where is it likely tobe?

50. Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of

metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth

of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what

part of the brain can cause this symptoms?

51. A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for

two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of

chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?

52. A 45-year-old man with domestic apper arm injuiry came to the trauma

unit. The objective data are: there are no extension, adduction or

pronation functions of the arm. What muscle damage caused this

condition?

53. A man with internal abdominal right side injury and suspicion of liver

rupture was admitted to the traumatological department. In what peritonial

structure will blood accumulate?

54. A histological spaceman presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and

medulla. Cortex consists of epitheliocytes bars with blood capillaries

between them; the bars form three zones. Medulla consists of

chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. Which organ has these

morphological features?

55. After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle

tendons and of the surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal

of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the

bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped with restoration

of bloodstream?

56. A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic

shoulder trauma. Objectively: flexibility, reduction and pronation

functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?

57. Ovarian tumour was diagnozed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What

ligament should be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the

uterus?

58. An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip

joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was

broken?

59. A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting

from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the

following anatomic formation:

60. A patient complains about edemata of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on

one side of the lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged

veins, formation of nodes. The pathological process has started in the

following vein: