Petroleum and gas. Pipelines
The source of most petroleum is aquatic organisms... (choose two)
The most common porous rock is
Oil burning produces... (choose five)
Choose the right variant of the sentence ending:
During the last five hundred million years incompletely decayed plant and animal remains...
Which word is different?
enormous, immense, huge, quick, vast, giant, gigantic, titanic
The modern history of petroleum began ...
Meerzoeff built the first refinery...
Where can the gasoline engine be applied? (choose four)
In order to reduce the number of ...drilled, scientific methods are used to pick the most promising sites.
The earliest known oil (1) were drilled in China in 347 CE or even earlier. They had (2) of up to about 800 feet and were (3) using bits attached to bamboo (4). The oil was (5) to evaporate brine and produce (6) .
The specialized drilling ship is used for
Pipeline workers use different forms of pipeline testing to analyze the integrity of their pipes. Learn more about these testing methods with this guide.
Oil and gas companies must be diligent about the quality of their pipelines. Consistent monitoring and maintenance are crucial in preventing cracks, leaks, and other hazards throughout a pipeline’s lifespan. There are many different pipeline testing methods that pipeline operators can use to identify trouble areas before they become expensive and dangerous issues. From magnetic flux tools to pipeline pressure testing equipment, here are the resources and methods pipeline operators can use to evaluate the integrity of their pipelines and promote better preventative maintenance.
Corrosion and other forms of degradation can cause walls to grow thin and lose their integrity over time. Knowing the exact thickness of a pipe wall is crucial in determining the kind of pressure it can hold and the amount of structural support it can offer to other pipeline components. Pipeline operators can determine the thickness of a pipe wall through ultrasonic testing, which sends high-frequency sound waves through the pipe’s interior. Professionals will then measure the sound wave as it travels and bounces off the pipe walls. With this information, they can accurately determine the thickness of the pipe walls and identify any areas that contain corrosion and other imperfections.
Hydrostatic tests are some of the most common pipeline testing methods. During a hydrostatic test, pipeline workers fill an isolated section of pipe with water, pressurizing the pipe until it’s slightly above its normal pressure requirement. Workers then hold the pipe at that pressure level and record information about the volume and pressure levels within the pipeline. If these levels drop unexpectedly, operators know that there is a leak somewhere in the pipe. They can then inspect the pipe for cracks or other flaws that are causing the problem.
Magnetic flux tests use electronic tools known as magnetic flux leakage tools to measure metal loss from corrosion, gouges, and other issues. During a magnetic flux test, pipeline workers use these tools to apply a temporary magnetic field within the pipe. As the magnetic flux tool passes through the pipe, workers monitor the magnetic field for changes. If the pipeline has zero imperfections and is operating perfectly, the magnetic field will be uniform. Any anomalies that change the distribution of the magnetic flux will indicate metal loss or other defects. Sensors in the magnetic flux tool measure these anomalies so that pipeline workers can identify problem areas and determine the best way to fix them.
What are the main types of tests? (Choose three)
Oil well fires can ________(1)_ the loss of millions of barrels of crude oil per day. Combined with the ecological problems __________(2) by the large amounts of smoke and unburnt petroleum falling back to earth, oil well fires such as those seen in Kuwait in 1991 can ______________(3) enormous economic losses.
An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface.
Which variant is right?
A petrole_m reservo_r or oil and gas reservo_r is a subs_rface accum_lation of h_drocarbons contained in poro_s or fract_red ro_k form_tions.
Make up the text:
-This means that there are small pockets of space within the rock where oil or gas can settle and small channels connecting these pockets to allow the oil or gas to flow out of this rock easily when it is drilled.
-These spaces between grains can develop as the formation of rock occurs or afterwards, usually as a result of groundwater passing through the rock and dissolving some of the cement between sediment grains.
-Reservoir rocks need to be both porous and permeable.
-Anticlines are the most common formation shape for this to occur.
-The rock formation must be formed or deformed in such a way to create a trap for the oil and gas.
- Anticlines for a rough "A" shape, with the cap rock making the sides of the "A".
-The fossil fuels accumulate in the peak of the "A" and the bottom is sealed (usually with water), preventing the oil and gas from seeping out and escaping.
Products Made from a Barrel of Crude Oil
Crude oil moves from wellhead to refinery using ...
Aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) used for the storage of petroleum products differ from underground (UST) varieties...
Where in the fractionating column will the longest hydrocarbons condense?
What is the name of the process which separates crude oil into simpler mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds?
Which is the correct definition of the term 'hydrocarbon'?
Crude oil is a finite resource. What does this mean?
What happens to hydrocarbons with very high boiling points in a fractionating column?
Why is cracking used?
Crude oil is usually black.
Petroleum is also called crude oil.
A petroleum field lies above ground.
Crude oil is a fossil fuel.
The Mesopotamians used a black liquid that oozed from the ground for caulking and, when set alight, as a weapon. When?
The first oil well was drilled in 1859. Where?
What is oil made from?
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