Gerund : The functions of the gerund in the sentence

After come to help them a direct object and prepositional indirect object

Predicative construction with the gerund form a complex object as they consist of two distinct elements, nominal and verbal

The gerund as an attribute comes to help them (is always used with prepositions)

In this function the gerund is always preceded by a preposition a)as an adverbial modifier of time the gerund is preceded by the preposition after, before, on (upon), in or at b)as an adverbial modifier of manner the gerund is used with the preposition by or in c)as an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances the gerund is preceded by the preposition without d)as an adverbial modifier of purpose, the gerund is chiefly used with the preposition for e)as an adverbial modifier of condition the gerund is preceded by the preposition without

f)as an adverbial of cause the gerund is used with the preposition for, for fear of, owing to g)as an adverbial modifier of concession the gerund is preceded by the preposition in spite of

Read and memorize! Skating is very popular in our country. Skiing is widely spread in northern countries. Playing tennis develops grace of movements.

Read and memorize! The only remedy for such teaching as mine is learning rules by heart.

Read and memorize! The teacher began writing the questions on the blackboard. Peter started reading them.

Read and memorize! The child was born with the gift of singing songs.

Read and memorize! Would you mind coming to see me today? I hate inviting people twice. Tom Sawyer dreamt of finding a treasure. Tom couldn't think of looking for it alone.

Read and memorize! I do my lessons after coming from school. The evening was spent in dancing. She was not brilliant, not active, but rather peaceful and statuesque without knowing it. One side the garden was used for playing. He was not right to come bothering you and mother without being invited. He feels the better himself for having a good deal of my time abroad. In spite of being happy, he did all he could.