Англійська ПМК2 100-152

The patient’s condition after blood transfusion has been aggravated by posttransfusion shock. Name the type of allergic reaction causing this pathology

A 26-year-old patient was found to have a big furuncle of soft tissues of face by the root of nose and inferior eyelid. This disease can be seriously complicated by the infection spreading along veins of this region to the sinuses of dura brain mater. What sinus is most likely to be affected? 

A patient has secretory dysfunction of the submandibular salivary galnd. Which nerve is responsible for its vegetative innervation?

A 24-year-old injured has a fracture in the middle third of the II rib. The fracture is accompanied by the dysfunction of the following muscle: 

A patient with acute cardiac failure has been taking cardiac glycoside drug for a long time. He has developed the following symptoms: nausea, fatigue, extrasystole. What is the cause of this symptoms?

Some proteins of saliva have a protective function. Which of them protects the oral mucosa from the mechanical damage?

A female patient presents with the ovarian hyperaemia, increased permeability of the blood-follicle barrier with the development of edema, infiltration of the follicle wall with segmental leukocytes. The follicle is large in volume. Its wall is thickened. What period of the sex cycle is the described situation typical for?

Microscopic examination of a CNS body revealed the gray matter with three layers of neurons, namely molecular, ganglionic and granular layer. What are the neurons constituting the second layer?

In the uterine cavity an embryo was found that was not attached to the endometrium. What stage of embryonal development is it? 

To prevent possible negative effect upon the gastric mucsa a patient with rheumatoid arthritis was administered a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify this drug:

Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain the parasitic protozoa. It is established that they relate to the Sarcodina class. Specify these singlecelled organisms:

Injection of an anaesthetic before the tooth extraction resulted in development of anaphylactic shock accompanied by oliguria. What pathogenetic mechanism caused a decrease in diuresis in this case?

Detection of X-chromatin in somatic cells is used for the quick diagnosis of hereditary diseases associated with a change in the sex chromosome number. Vast majority of a man’s cells have three X-chromatin bodies. What is the man’s karyotype?

A 36- year-old patient has gastric ulcer (with increased acidity). Which of the listed below drugs will reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid with a minimum of side effects?

A young couple has a child with encephalopathy. A doctor determined this disease to be caused by mitochondrial DNA disorder. In what way are mitochondrial pathologies inherited?

In order to prevent massive haemorrhage in the region of oral cavity floor it is required to ligate an artery which is located within Pirogov’s triangle. What artery is it?

Otopyosis has caused tympanic cavity roof to be broken by pus. From tympanic cavity pus spreads to the following cranial fossa:

Arterial pH is 7,4; primary urine 7,4; final urine - 5,8. Decrease in the pH of final urine is the result of the secretion of the following ions in the nephron tubules:

In a hot weather, the microclimate in hot rooms is often normalized by fans. At the same time heat radiation from the human body increases through:

An inflammatory process in tissues is characterised by hyperemia and edema. What leukocytes situated in connective tissue provide for vasodilatation and increased blood vessel capacity under these conditions?

Examination of a patient with a brain cortex injury revealed that he had lost the tactile sensitivity. What part of the cerebral cortex is damaged?

A patient with a severe maxillofacial trauma has been delivered to the emergency department. What drug should be given this patient to relievepain shock?

A 42-year-old patient with gastric ulcer has a disbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors. Which of the following factors contributes to the development of gastric ulcer?

A 45-year-old patient with an 8year history of tuberculosis died in a hospital of chronic renal failure. At autopsy, the kidneys were enlarged, the cross-section surface looked greasy, histological study revealed profuse deposits of structureless homogeneous eosinophilic masses exhibiting marked metachromasia when stained with Congo red. What pathological process developed in the kidneys?

Genealogical study of a family with hereditary enamel hypoplasia has revealed that the disease occurs in every generation. In women, the anomaly occurs more frequently than in men. Male patients only pass this trait to their daughters. What type of inheritance takes place in this case?

Study of the histological specimen of a baby’s primary tooth revealed hypoplasia (underdevelopment ) of enamel. This abnormality is caused by the disruptions in the activity of the following cells:

A patient underwent lobectomy of the right middle lobe of a lung. What segments of the lung were affected?

Vestibular surface of the left lower incisor has a pink fungoid formation up to 2 cm large which is fixed to the supra-alveolar tissue by a wide pedicle. Histological examination revealed branched capillary vessels with multiple hemorrhages and foci of hemosiderosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

X-ray of a patient in the upright position revealed the presence of air in the stomach. What part of stomach is it located?

A patient suffering from pericarditis with rapid progression has developed acute cardiac tamponade. What regulation mechanism is most likely to compensate for this pathology?

Nucleolus organizers of human chromosomes 13-15, 21, 22 include about 200 gene clusters that synthesize RNA. These chromosomal regions contain the information on the following type of RNA:

Alveolar bleeding has been detected following the extraction of the maxillary second premolar. What artery causes this kind of bleeding, when damaged?

Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?

A 10-year-old child cut his leg with a piece of glass and was sent to a clinic for an anti-tetanus serum injection. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock, the Besredka desensitization method was applied. What mechanism underlies this method?

After a person had drunk 1,5 liters of water, the amount of urine increased significantly, and its relative density decreased to 1,001. These changes are a result of decreased water reabsorption in the distal nephron portion due to reduced secretion of:

Reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes enhances peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. The reduction of glutathione peroxidase activity is caused by the following microelement deficiency:

A 71-year-old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease?

Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein which has an ability to bind calcium ions due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain:

One of the means of regulating enzyme activity in a human body is the covalent modification. Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase activity is regulated by the following type of covalent modification:

A 65-year-old patient had been treated for 3 days in the resuscitation unit for a cardiac pathology. Suddenly he developed ventricular fibrillation which turned out to be the immediate cause of death. Microscopy of the left ventricular myocard revealed a large focus of cardiomyocyte karyolysis demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia. What cardiac pathology was the cause of death?

A 38-year-old female patient complains of bleeding gums, halitosis, exposure of tooth necks. Objectively: the patient has gingivitis, plaque and tartar. Inflammation involves the alveolar part of gingiva with dental pockets. The bone tissue exhibits signs of bone resorption. What pathology does the patient have?

A 34-year-old patient has a history of periodontitis. As a result of increased collagen degradation, there is a significantly increased urinary excretion of one of the amino acids. Which one?

A patient with mandibular osteomyelitis has been administered an antibiotic from the tetracycline group. Specify this drug:

A 36-year-old patient presents with periodontitis of the mandibular molar. It was found that inflammation had spread to the lymph nodes. What lymph nodes were the first to be involved in the inflammatory process?

Nucleoli of nuclei have been damaged due to tissue culture nuclear irradiation. Regeneration of the following organelles becomes hampered in cytoplasm:

A 43-year-old patient is to be administered an antibiotic from the penicillin group which would be resistant to penicillinase. What drug can be recommended?

After the transfusion of the concentrated red blood cells the patient developed posttransfusion shock. What is the leading mechanism of acute renal failure in this case?

For several days a 55-year-old female patient has had pain attacks in the right upper quadrant after eating fatty foods. Visually, there is yellowness of sclera and skin. The patient has acholous stool, beer-colored urine. What substance present in the patient’s urine causes its dark color?

After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37, 5 oC. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:

A woman consulted a doctor about swelling and tenderness of the lower extremity, swollen veins and nodes on the medial surface of thigh. Which vein was affected? 

A 25-year-old woman has died when giving birth. The histological study of her kidneys has revealed the following in the epithelium of nephron tubules: condensation of nucleus chromatin, nuclei breaking down into lumps, and lysis, along with plasmorrhexis and cytolysis. What pathologic process was revealed in the epithelium of kidney tubules?

Microscopic examination of a skin tumor revealed that it invaded the underlying tissue, destroyed it and formed nests and cords of atypical epithelium which included some pearl-like formations. Specify the tumor: