Англійська залік 2 курс 25-50

A patient undewent radiography that revealed numerous smooth-walled roundish defects in both jaws. Histological study revealed osteolysis and osteoporosis accompanied by the phenomena of poor bone formation. The patient’s urine contained BenceJones protein. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

27. Mother and father are healthy. Mother underwent amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping. The fetal karyotype turned out to be 45, XO What syndrome can be expected in a newborn baby?

28. A 36- year-old patient has gastric ulcer (with increased acidity). Which of the listed below drugs will reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid with a minimum of side effects?

29. The operative dentistry department admitted a newborn girl who choked during sucking. Examination revealed cleft palate arising from non-union of the middle frontal process and maxillary process of the I-st branchial arch. The cleft was located in the palate between:

30. A 28-year-old liquidator of Chernobyl disaster consulted a doctor about marked weakness, skin hemorrhages, diarrhea. Blood test results: ESR- 25 mm/h, RBC- 2,4 · 10 12 /L, WBC - 2,2 · 10 9 /L, platelets 70·10 9 /L. What stage of acute radiation sickness are these presentations typical for?

31. A 36-year-old male patient frequently has herpes sores on the lips and oral mucosa. Infection recurrences are associated with the persistence of the virus in the body. The herpes simplex virus is most likely to reside in:

32. Experimental stimulation of the peripheral segment of the vagus nerve of a cat will result in the following changes:

33. A patient with alcohol-induced liver injury has an impairment of biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous toxic compounds. These changes are likely to be caused by hypoactivity of the following chromoprotein:

34. With the purpose of analgesia, a narcotic analgesic has been used with a benzodiazepine drug. What drug has been used to potentiate analgesia?

35. An injury to the occipital region resulted in apnoea. What could be the immediate cause of apnoea?

36. A 23-year-old patient with diabetes has hyperglycemia at the rate of 19 mmol/l which is clinically manifested by glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia. Which of the listed below mechanisms is responsible for the development of glycosuria?

37. A 53-year-old patient with a long history of nephrolithiasis underwent nephrectomy. The kidney looks as a thin-walled sac filled with urine. Renal parenchyma is atrophied. Specify this complication of nephrolithiasis:

38. After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?

39. Histologically, the internal wall of a maxillary cyst is lined with stratified squamous epithelium with underlying granulation tissue with infiltrating lymphocytes. The outer layer is represented by loose fibrous connective tissue surrounded by cicatrical fibrous tissue. What diagnosis can be made?

40. A 42-year-old patient with tetanus developed an acute respiratory failure. What type of respiratory failure occurs in this case?

41. Microscopic examination of a skin tumor revealed that it invaded the underlying tissue, destroyed it and formed nests and cords of atypical epithelium which included some pearl-like formations. Specify the tumor:

42. Calcification of the intercellular substance of bone tissue is accompanied by the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals along the collagen fibers. This process requires the presence of alkaline phosphatase in the intercellular substance. What cell produces this enzyme?

43. Activation of free radical processes is a universal mechanism that triggers cell death. What inhibitors of this process should be administered as a part of therapeutic interventions intended for the treatment of generalized periodontitis?

44. A patient had been provisionally diagnosed with syphilis. A laboratory assistant took the blood serum for an immunologic test based on the detection of antibodies preventing the movement of treponemes and causing their death. What reaction was used for the diagnosis?

45. A 57-year-old patient with coronary artery disease has been administered an anti-anginal agent that activates guanylate cyclase and accumulates myocardial cGMP. What drug is it?

46. A 38-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with inflammation of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. This branch exits the skull through the following foramen:

47. A 64-year-old male patient died with symptoms of acute cardiovascular failure. Autopsy results: the section of the anterior wall of the left ventricle showed a yellowish flaccid 1,5-2 cm focus surrounded by a reddish rim. The convoluted coronary arteries had lumen irregularly narrowed by 75%. The vessel intima was thickened, dense, covered with whitish plaques, crunched when cut. What disease can you think of?

48. Stimulation of the peripheral segment of chorda tympani in an experimenal animal resulted in the discharge of the following secretion from the parotid salivary fistula:

49. Microscopic examination of a CNS body revealed the gray matter with three layers of neurons, namely molecular, ganglionic and granular layer. What are the neurons constituting the second layer?

50. Microscopic examination of the biopsy sample taken from a deformed upper jaw bone revealed areas of bone resorption and replacement of bone tissue by randomly arranged bundles of mature collagen fibers with spindle and stellate cells; primitive structure of trabeculae; myxomatous foci. What is the most likely diagnosis?