End-of-Term Test (II term 11th form)

Read the text twice

When disasters occur due to natural forces they are called natural disasters, over which man has hardly any control. Some common natural disasters are earthquakes, landslides floods, droughts, cyclones, etc.

An earthquake is the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by rapid movement of the earth’s crust or outer layer.The position of the different continents and oceans that we see today, has changed a number of times under numerous earthquakes. Shaking of the ground and buildings damage often break the gas pipes and electric lines that cause fires. The surface topography of a region and ground water conditions are changed after an earthquake. Earthquakes on ocean floor cause tsunamis and, often, underwater landslides and volcanic eruptions. Also, earthquakes can cause floods.

Common examples of man-made disasters are industrial disasters such as fires and explosions; chemical, biological, radioactive accidents; traffic accidents and different kinds of air, soil, water pollution.

Man-made disasters are the result of carelessness or human errors during technological and industrial use. The disasters are in the form of accidents, which occur all of a sudden and take a huge toll on life and property. Local disasters mostly cause injuries, diseases and casualties where they occur.

Another types of disasters, affected vast regions and called global, are technological ones.Some of them are due to the potencial damages of nuclear fallout. An example is the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster. It is the worst nuclear disaster recorded in a nuclear power plant. Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and even parts of Poland, Denmark and Sweden were contaminated. Around 200,000 people had to be evacuated and resettled. The after affects lasted for many years and a rise in the incidence of blood cancer has been observed in a wide group of people.

****************************************************************************

1. Accordinf to the text, the disasters caused by natural forces cannot be controlled by man.

2. The text contains detailed information on major natural disasters.

3. The ground plane in the disaster area and even the flow of groundwater can change dramatically after an earthquake.

4. Man-made disasters are devided into accidents and technological catastrophes.

5. Huge areas of the world ocean also suffered as a result of the Chernobyl disaster.

6.Negligence, human error or even meanness cause man-made catastrophes.

7. Which of the natural disasters are not mentioned in the text?

8. The text says that an earthquake generally caused by

9. According to the text, breaking the gas pipes and electric lines are the results of

10. Which of these industrial catastrophes are mentioned in the text?

11. The text describes

12. As the text says, the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster leads to