NMT 2023

Read the text below. Match choices (A-G) to (6-10). There are two choices you do not need to use.

THE MOST DIFFICULT LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

(6)______

People often ask which the most difficult language to learn is, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people lear their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

(7)_______

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to leam than a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so the first language can affect learning the second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first one, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

(8)________

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learnt also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their everyday life.

(9)________

Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases of a noun. This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity.

(10)_______

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another one. In the end, it is impossible to say what language is the most difficult language in the world.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-G) to (6-10). There are two choices you do not need to use.

THE MOST DIFFICULT LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

(6)______

People often ask which the most difficult language to learn is, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people lear their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

(7)_______

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to leam than a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so the first language can affect learning the second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first one, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

(8)________

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learnt also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their everyday life.

(9)________

Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases of a noun. This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity.

(10)_______

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another one. In the end, it is impossible to say what language is the most difficult language in the world.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-G) to (6-10). There are two choices you do not need to use.

             THE MOST DIFFICULT LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

(6)______

People often ask which the most difficult language to learn is, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people lear their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

(7)_______

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to leam than a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so the first language can affect learning the second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first one, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

(8)________

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learnt also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their everyday life.

(9)________

Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases of a noun. This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity.

(10)_______

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another one. In the end, it is impossible to say what language is the most difficult language in the world.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-G) to (6-10). There are two choices you do not need to use.

             THE MOST DIFFICULT LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

(6)______

People often ask which the most difficult language to learn is, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people lear their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

(7)_______

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to leam than a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so the first language can affect learning the second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first one, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

(8)________

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learnt also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their everyday life.

(9)________

Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases of a noun. This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity.

(10)_______

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another one. In the end, it is impossible to say what language is the most difficult language in the world.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-G) to (6-10). There are two choices you do not need to use.

             THE MOST DIFFICULT LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

(6)______

People often ask which the most difficult language to learn is, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people lear their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

(7)_______

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to leam than a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so the first language can affect learning the second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first one, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

(8)________

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learnt also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their everyday life.

(9)________

Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases of a noun. This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity.

(10)_______

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another one. In the end, it is impossible to say what language is the most difficult language in the world.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

TRAVELLING ACROSS UKRAINE

Travelling across Ukraine one can have an excellent opportunity to leam its history and culture, to see its ancient monuments and picturesque views Ukraine has always been famous for. There are many places worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine because of its ancient history.

11_____

A historic place is Zaporizhzhia where Cossack movement began in the 15th century. Nearby is the famous 700-year-old oak tree - 36 metres high.

12

Odesa, a regional centre and seaport, has seven theatres, a philarmonic orchestra, the Opera and Ballet House, a well-known theatre and one of the most beautiful buildings in Ukraine. Odesa referred to as the «Pearl of the Black Sea» is the largest city along the Black Sea shore.

13

The old town of Kaniv is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River. This town is world-known for its Tarasova Hora. Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet, artist and philosopher is buried here.

14

Chernihiv is one of the oldest towns in our country. There are five out of twenty-five architectural landmarks of the 11th - 12th centuries preserved in Chernihiv. It was one of the most important centres of Kyiv Rus.

15

Another place in Ukraine which attracts a lot of visitors is Uman. It is famous for its dendrological park-reserve Sophiyivka. This park was set up in the period of 1796-1801 by Count Pototsky for his wife, Sophia, and was called after her name. The park in one of the most outstanding monuments of garden architecture in Ukraine.

16

Lviv, a beautiful city in the west of Ukraine, was founded by Prince Danylo Halytsky. Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. Today Lviv is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style.

Its core is the city of the 14th - 18th centuries. Well-known Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv were buried in Lychakiv Cemetery. The oldest Lviv's monument is St. Nicholas's Church, which foundation and walls were built by Prince Danylo in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture.

What places are worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

TRAVELLING ACROSS UKRAINE

Travelling across Ukraine one can have an excellent opportunity to leam its history and culture, to see its ancient monuments and picturesque views Ukraine has always been famous for. There are many places worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine because of its ancient history.

11

A historic place is Zaporizhzhia where Cossack movement began in the 15th century. Nearby is the famous 700-year-old oak tree - 36 metres high.

12 ____

Odesa, a regional centre and seaport, has seven theatres, a philarmonic orchestra, the Opera and Ballet House, a well-known theatre and one of the most beautiful buildings in Ukraine. Odesa referred to as the «Pearl of the Black Sea» is the largest city along the Black Sea shore.

13

The old town of Kaniv is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River. This town is world-known for its Tarasova Hora. Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet, artist and philosopher is buried here.

14

Chernihiv is one of the oldest towns in our country. There are five out of twenty-five architectural landmarks of the 11th - 12th centuries preserved in Chernihiv. It was one of the most important centres of Kyiv Rus.

15

Another place in Ukraine which attracts a lot of visitors is Uman. It is famous for its dendrological park-reserve Sophiyivka. This park was set up in the period of 1796-1801 by Count Pototsky for his wife, Sophia, and was called after her name. The park in one of the most outstanding monuments of garden architecture in Ukraine.

16

Lviv, a beautiful city in the west of Ukraine, was founded by Prince Danylo Halytsky. Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. Today Lviv is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style.

Its core is the city of the 14th - 18th centuries. Well-known Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv were buried in Lychakiv Cemetery. The oldest Lviv's monument is St. Nicholas's Church, which foundation and walls were built by Prince Danylo in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture.

What places are worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

TRAVELLING ACROSS UKRAINE

Travelling across Ukraine one can have an excellent opportunity to leam its history and culture, to see its ancient monuments and picturesque views Ukraine has always been famous for. There are many places worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine because of its ancient history.

11

A historic place is Zaporizhzhia where Cossack movement began in the 15th century. Nearby is the famous 700-year-old oak tree - 36 metres high.

12 

Odesa, a regional centre and seaport, has seven theatres, a philarmonic orchestra, the Opera and Ballet House, a well-known theatre and one of the most beautiful buildings in Ukraine. Odesa referred to as the «Pearl of the Black Sea» is the largest city along the Black Sea shore.

13 ___

The old town of Kaniv is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River. This town is world-known for its Tarasova Hora. Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet, artist and philosopher is buried here.

14

Chernihiv is one of the oldest towns in our country. There are five out of twenty-five architectural landmarks of the 11th - 12th centuries preserved in Chernihiv. It was one of the most important centres of Kyiv Rus.

15

Another place in Ukraine which attracts a lot of visitors is Uman. It is famous for its dendrological park-reserve Sophiyivka. This park was set up in the period of 1796-1801 by Count Pototsky for his wife, Sophia, and was called after her name. The park in one of the most outstanding monuments of garden architecture in Ukraine.

16

Lviv, a beautiful city in the west of Ukraine, was founded by Prince Danylo Halytsky. Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. Today Lviv is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style.

Its core is the city of the 14th - 18th centuries. Well-known Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv were buried in Lychakiv Cemetery. The oldest Lviv's monument is St. Nicholas's Church, which foundation and walls were built by Prince Danylo in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture.

What places are worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

TRAVELLING ACROSS UKRAINE

Travelling across Ukraine one can have an excellent opportunity to leam its history and culture, to see its ancient monuments and picturesque views Ukraine has always been famous for. There are many places worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine because of its ancient history.

11

A historic place is Zaporizhzhia where Cossack movement began in the 15th century. Nearby is the famous 700-year-old oak tree - 36 metres high.

12 

Odesa, a regional centre and seaport, has seven theatres, a philarmonic orchestra, the Opera and Ballet House, a well-known theatre and one of the most beautiful buildings in Ukraine. Odesa referred to as the «Pearl of the Black Sea» is the largest city along the Black Sea shore.

13

The old town of Kaniv is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River. This town is world-known for its Tarasova Hora. Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet, artist and philosopher is buried here.

14 ___

Chernihiv is one of the oldest towns in our country. There are five out of twenty-five architectural landmarks of the 11th - 12th centuries preserved in Chernihiv. It was one of the most important centres of Kyiv Rus.

15

Another place in Ukraine which attracts a lot of visitors is Uman. It is famous for its dendrological park-reserve Sophiyivka. This park was set up in the period of 1796-1801 by Count Pototsky for his wife, Sophia, and was called after her name. The park in one of the most outstanding monuments of garden architecture in Ukraine.

16

Lviv, a beautiful city in the west of Ukraine, was founded by Prince Danylo Halytsky. Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. Today Lviv is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style.

Its core is the city of the 14th - 18th centuries. Well-known Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv were buried in Lychakiv Cemetery. The oldest Lviv's monument is St. Nicholas's Church, which foundation and walls were built by Prince Danylo in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture.

What places are worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

TRAVELLING ACROSS UKRAINE

Travelling across Ukraine one can have an excellent opportunity to leam its history and culture, to see its ancient monuments and picturesque views Ukraine has always been famous for. There are many places worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine because of its ancient history.

11

A historic place is Zaporizhzhia where Cossack movement began in the 15th century. Nearby is the famous 700-year-old oak tree - 36 metres high.

12 

Odesa, a regional centre and seaport, has seven theatres, a philarmonic orchestra, the Opera and Ballet House, a well-known theatre and one of the most beautiful buildings in Ukraine. Odesa referred to as the «Pearl of the Black Sea» is the largest city along the Black Sea shore.

13 

The old town of Kaniv is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River. This town is world-known for its Tarasova Hora. Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet, artist and philosopher is buried here.

14

Chernihiv is one of the oldest towns in our country. There are five out of twenty-five architectural landmarks of the 11th - 12th centuries preserved in Chernihiv. It was one of the most important centres of Kyiv Rus.

15 _____

Another place in Ukraine which attracts a lot of visitors is Uman. It is famous for its dendrological park-reserve Sophiyivka. This park was set up in the period of 1796-1801 by Count Pototsky for his wife, Sophia, and was called after her name. The park in one of the most outstanding monuments of garden architecture in Ukraine.

16

Lviv, a beautiful city in the west of Ukraine, was founded by Prince Danylo Halytsky. Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. Today Lviv is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style.

Its core is the city of the 14th - 18th centuries. Well-known Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv were buried in Lychakiv Cemetery. The oldest Lviv's monument is St. Nicholas's Church, which foundation and walls were built by Prince Danylo in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture.

What places are worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

TRAVELLING ACROSS UKRAINE

Travelling across Ukraine one can have an excellent opportunity to leam its history and culture, to see its ancient monuments and picturesque views Ukraine has always been famous for. There are many places worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine because of its ancient history.

11

A historic place is Zaporizhzhia where Cossack movement began in the 15th century. Nearby is the famous 700-year-old oak tree - 36 metres high.

12 

Odesa, a regional centre and seaport, has seven theatres, a philarmonic orchestra, the Opera and Ballet House, a well-known theatre and one of the most beautiful buildings in Ukraine. Odesa referred to as the «Pearl of the Black Sea» is the largest city along the Black Sea shore.

13 

The old town of Kaniv is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River. This town is world-known for its Tarasova Hora. Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet, artist and philosopher is buried here.

14 

Chernihiv is one of the oldest towns in our country. There are five out of twenty-five architectural landmarks of the 11th - 12th centuries preserved in Chernihiv. It was one of the most important centres of Kyiv Rus.

15

Another place in Ukraine which attracts a lot of visitors is Uman. It is famous for its dendrological park-reserve Sophiyivka. This park was set up in the period of 1796-1801 by Count Pototsky for his wife, Sophia, and was called after her name. The park in one of the most outstanding monuments of garden architecture in Ukraine.

16 _____

Lviv, a beautiful city in the west of Ukraine, was founded by Prince Danylo Halytsky. Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. Today Lviv is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style. Its core is the city of the 14th - 18th centuries. Well-known Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv were buried in Lychakiv Cemetery. The oldest Lviv's monument is St. Nicholas's Church, which foundation and walls were built by Prince Danylo in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture.

What places are worth sightseeing on the territory of Ukraine?

READ THE TEXT BELOW. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you don’t meet to use.

A WONDERFUL GAME OF CHESS

You are all familiar with the wonderful game of chess. But (17)____to think where it came from and when? Well, we believe the game (18)____ before AD 600 and was first played in either Afghanistan or what is now northern India. The oldest written references that we have to chess date from then, but there are claims that chess (19)___this. We think, the version played by Europeans and Americans today travelled through Iran to the main commercial centres of Europe by the year 1000. The game was then taken to Scandinavia (20)_____so by the 1400s chess was played throughout Europe. There are quite a few variations to the game found in other parts of the world. For instance, one variation called Shogi is played in Japan. Another variation is played in China. One person whose name (21)____ is the chess master Howard Staunton. Staunton lived in

England in the mid 1800s and gave his name to the chess pieces that are still used in competitions all over the world today and are, in fact, synonymous with the game. Other shapes and sizes exist, but these are by far the most common. Interestingly enough, however, the idea of chess competitions is relatively recent when we consider how long (22)____. The first championship was played in 1866 in London and was won by a man from Bohemia

called Steinitz. He was, in effect, the world's first official champion and he held the title until 1894 when he was beaten by a German called Emanuel Laker, who in turn lost the title in 1921 to a Cuban called Capablanca. Many people today consider Capablanca as one of the top three players ever to live. His game influenced many who followed him and keen professional players today still study his game.

READ THE TEXT BELOW. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you don’t meet to use.

A WONDERFUL GAME OF CHESS

You are all familiar with the wonderful game of chess. But (17)____to think where it came from and when? Well, we believe the game (18)____ before AD 600 and was first played in either Afghanistan or what is now northern India. The oldest written references that we have to chess date from then, but there are claims that chess (19)___this. We think, the version played by Europeans and Americans today travelled through Iran to the main commercial centres of Europe by the year 1000. The game was then taken to Scandinavia (20)_____so by the 1400s chess was played throughout Europe. There are quite a few variations to the game found in other parts of the world. For instance, one variation called Shogi is played in Japan. Another variation is played in China. One person whose name (21)____ is the chess master Howard Staunton. Staunton lived in

England in the mid 1800s and gave his name to the chess pieces that are still used in competitions all over the world today and are, in fact, synonymous with the game. Other shapes and sizes exist, but these are by far the most common. Interestingly enough, however, the idea of chess competitions is relatively recent when we consider how long (22)____. The first championship was played in 1866 in London and was won by a man from Bohemia called Steinitz. He was, in effect, the world's first official champion and he held the title until 1894 when he was beaten by a German called Emanuel Laker, who in turn lost the title in 1921 to a Cuban called Capablanca. Many people today consider Capablanca as one of the top three players ever to live. His game influenced many who followed him and keen professional players today still study his game.

READ THE TEXT BELOW. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you don’t meet to use.

A WONDERFUL GAME OF CHESS

You are all familiar with the wonderful game of chess. But (17)____to think where it came from and when? Well, we believe the game (18)____ before AD 600 and was first played in either Afghanistan or what is now northern India. The oldest written references that we have to chess date from then, but there are claims that chess (19)___this. We think, the version played by Europeans and Americans today travelled through Iran to the main commercial centres of Europe by the year 1000. The game was then taken to Scandinavia (20)_____so by the 1400s chess was played throughout Europe. There are quite a few variations to the game found in other parts of the world. For instance, one variation called Shogi is played in Japan. Another variation is played in China. One person whose name (21)____ is the chess master Howard Staunton. Staunton lived in

England in the mid 1800s and gave his name to the chess pieces that are still used in competitions all over the world today and are, in fact, synonymous with the game. Other shapes and sizes exist, but these are by far the most common. Interestingly enough, however, the idea of chess competitions is relatively recent when we consider how long (22)____. The first championship was played in 1866 in London and was won by a man from Bohemia called Steinitz. He was, in effect, the world's first official champion and he held the title until 1894 when he was beaten by a German called Emanuel Laker, who in turn lost the title in 1921 to a Cuban called Capablanca. Many people today consider Capablanca as one of the top three players ever to live. His game influenced many who followed him and keen professional players today still study his game.

READ THE TEXT BELOW. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you don’t meet to use.

A WONDERFUL GAME OF CHESS

You are all familiar with the wonderful game of chess. But (17)____to think where it came from and when? Well, we believe the game (18)____ before AD 600 and was first played in either Afghanistan or what is now northern India. The oldest written references that we have to chess date from then, but there are claims that chess (19)___this. We think, the version played by Europeans and Americans today travelled through Iran to the main commercial centres of Europe by the year 1000. The game was then taken to Scandinavia (20)_____so by the 1400s chess was played throughout Europe. There are quite a few variations to the game found in other parts of the world. For instance, one variation called Shogi is played in Japan. Another variation is played in China. One person whose name (21)____ is the chess master Howard Staunton. Staunton lived in

England in the mid 1800s and gave his name to the chess pieces that are still used in competitions all over the world today and are, in fact, synonymous with the game. Other shapes and sizes exist, but these are by far the most common. Interestingly enough, however, the idea of chess competitions is relatively recent when we consider how long (22)____. The first championship was played in 1866 in London and was won by a man from Bohemia called Steinitz. He was, in effect, the world's first official champion and he held the title until 1894 when he was beaten by a German called Emanuel Laker, who in turn lost the title in 1921 to a Cuban called Capablanca. Many people today consider Capablanca as one of the top three players ever to live. His game influenced many who followed him and keen professional players today still study his game.

READ THE TEXT BELOW. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you don’t meet to use.

A WONDERFUL GAME OF CHESS

You are all familiar with the wonderful game of chess. But (17)____to think where it came from and when? Well, we believe the game (18)____ before AD 600 and was first played in either Afghanistan or what is now northern India. The oldest written references that we have to chess date from then, but there are claims that chess (19)___this. We think, the version played by Europeans and Americans today travelled through Iran to the main commercial centres of Europe by the year 1000. The game was then taken to Scandinavia (20)_____so by the 1400s chess was played throughout Europe. There are quite a few variations to the game found in other parts of the world. For instance, one variation called Shogi is played in Japan. Another variation is played in China. One person whose name (21)____ is the chess master Howard Staunton. Staunton lived in

England in the mid 1800s and gave his name to the chess pieces that are still used in competitions all over the world today and are, in fact, synonymous with the game. Other shapes and sizes exist, but these are by far the most common. Interestingly enough, however, the idea of chess competitions is relatively recent when we consider how long (22)____. The first championship was played in 1866 in London and was won by a man from Bohemia called Steinitz. He was, in effect, the world's first official champion and he held the title until 1894 when he was beaten by a German called Emanuel Laker, who in turn lost the title in 1921 to a Cuban called Capablanca. Many people today consider Capablanca as one of the top three players ever to live. His game influenced many who followed him and keen professional players today still study his game.

READ THE TEXT BELOW. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you don’t meet to use.

A WONDERFUL GAME OF CHESS

You are all familiar with the wonderful game of chess. But (17)____to think where it came from and when? Well, we believe the game (18)____ before AD 600 and was first played in either Afghanistan or what is now northern India. The oldest written references that we have to chess date from then, but there are claims that chess (19)___this. We think, the version played by Europeans and Americans today travelled through Iran to the main commercial centres of Europe by the year 1000. The game was then taken to Scandinavia (20)_____so by the 1400s chess was played throughout Europe. There are quite a few variations to the game found in other parts of the world. For instance, one variation called Shogi is played in Japan. Another variation is played in China. One person whose name (21)____ is the chess master Howard Staunton. Staunton lived in

England in the mid 1800s and gave his name to the chess pieces that are still used in competitions all over the world today and are, in fact, synonymous with the game. Other shapes and sizes exist, but these are by far the most common. Interestingly enough, however, the idea of chess competitions is relatively recent when we consider how long (22)____. The first championship was played in 1866 in London and was won by a man from Bohemia called Steinitz. He was, in effect, the world's first official champion and he held the title until 1894 when he was beaten by a German called Emanuel Laker, who in turn lost the title in 1921 to a Cuban called Capablanca. Many people today consider Capablanca as one of the top three players ever to live. His game influenced many who followed him and keen professional players today still study his game.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer. (A, B, C or D).

GARDENING IN THE CITY

Even if you live in the heart of the city, there's no reason why you shouldn't (23)_____up gardening. We can't all afford a large garden, but we can all create a space where we can follow the seasons. Whether it's a window box, a balcony or a tiny yard, anyone can have the pleasure of looking (24)____I plants.

A window box is a smali box of plants that literally sits outside your window. Ere, the choice of plants is what counts. You want a splash of colour all year (25)_____so choose flowers that bloom at different times of the year. Daffodils, for example, are beautiful spring flowers and will soon have you looking forward to summer. Their bright colours will also attract butterflies, bringing a touch of life.

If you've got a balcony, you've got a little more freedom. In this case, the key is to (26)_____maximum use of the space you've got available. Put taller plants against the wall of the house, with shorter plants and flowers along the (27)_____of the balcony. You can also add a water feature; a small fountain creates interest and can have a cooling effect on a hot summer's day. If your neighbours' balcony is next to yours, why not use a fast-growing plant like wisteria to form a natural barrier, giving you more privacy?

Those of you who are lucky enough to have a small yard can really go to town. Think about how you're going to use it. Do you want to be able to sit and enjoy the sun? Or do you want to be (28)_____to entertain friends and have a barbecue? Divide the yard into separate areas and plan each one carefully. Garden furniture is very important. A table that folds in half can give you a lot of flexibility, and chairs that fold away also allow you to change your garden to (29)_____your mood. As (30)_____as plants are (31)_____Mil choose varieties that don't mind a bit of shade, unless your yard gets a lot of sun. Yards often have walls that keep the sun out for long periods and you don't want your careful plans (32)_____because a few of your plants start to die.