Олімпіада 11 клас (2023-2024 н.р.)

Read the texts below and match choices A-H to the 1-5. There are three choices you don't need to use.

5 tips for making the perfect selfie on your travels

1------

One of the key things to think about when you're taking a travel selfie is to remember what's behind you. If you're taking a selfie with the Eiffel Tower, you don't want to place yourself where the tower looks like it's growing out of your head. Be mindful in a busy environment of other people in your shot. Just make sure you don't have anyone making any nasty hand gestures or pulling any funny faces. Trust me, you think you have the perfect shot then up pops a random tourist with their tongue out and ruins your picture - not a good look.

2---

If you want all of the Eiffel Tower or the Leaning Tower of Pisa in your shot, you may have to think about holding the camera lower down so that the angle faces up. It's something to be aware of when looking at taking portrait selfies with tall monuments or buildings. Be creative; try tilting the camera slightly to fit everything in and to ensure you capture the best image of you and the best background.

3----

There is nothing worse than taking a great selfie and then looking back at it and it's blurred and unclear. It can be difficult to keep the phone still and push the button on the screen at the same time. If it's possible, use your external button ( depending on what phone you have). That way, you are not trying to do hand yoga with your camera while trying to take the image.

4----

Too many times I see pouting or over-posed selfies. In a travel selfie, we are trying to capture a memory. You might never get back to this special location again in your life, so the last thing you want is a picture of a wonderful moment and location with you pouting or pulling a funny face. Relax, smile naturally, and remember where you are. Take in the wonder of that special location and enjoy who and where you are at that time. The picture will reflect you if you are truly natural and yourself.

5---

If you've managed to get the best light for your selfie, then in reality you won't need to edit it. Remember you are trying to take a picture that encapsulates the memory of your travel experience, so a lot of editing can actually make that memory completely different or false. If you feel a little extra saturation may be a help, or changing the image to black and white will help with over exposure, then these are the only things I would edit, along with a little cropping.

Read the text below and choose the correct answer.

Why is a baker's dozen not 12?

Request a dozen eggs from a farmer, a dozen steaks from a butcher, or a dozen pencils from a travelling office supplies salesman, and you will almost certainly receive 12 of your chosen item ( although counting errors do happen). But a baker's dozen is commonly understood to mean 13. Are bakers just bad at counting? Not quite.

There are a few theories as to why baker's dozen became 13, but most think it has its origins in the fact that many societies throughout history have had extremely strict laws concerning baker's products. This is due to the fact that it is fairly easy for bakers to cheat customers and sell them less than what they think they are getting.

These societies took this very seriously as bread was a primary food source for many people. So in Britain from the mid-13th century up to the 19 th century there was the Assize of Bread and Ale law. This law set the price of ale and what weight a loaf of bread should be. So basically, in terms of bread, it settled the relationship between the price and quality of wheat and what the price and quality of a loaf of bread from a certain quantity of wheat should be.

Even though this law appeared at the request of bakers, it still caused a problem for them. If they happened to accidentally cheat a customer by giving them less than what they were supposed to according to the law, the punishment and fines were severe. Depending on where the lawbreaker lived, it could include for example losing a hand.

In those times it wasn't that hard to accidentally cheat a customer. Making a loaf of bread with an exact weight was nearly impossible by hand without modern day tools. So, bakers began giving more than what the statute outlined to make sure they went over and never under. Specifically, in terms of the "baker's dozen" , if a vendor or other customer were to order a dozen or several dozen loaves of bread from a baker, the baker would give them 13 for every dozen they ordered. Likewise, when selling quantities of anything, they'd give 13 measures when only 12 were purchased.

This practice eventually made its way into the Worshipful Company of Bakers ( London) guild code. This guild was actually started in the 12th century and had a large part in putting together the conditions of the Assize of Bread and Ale law.

1. Why did many societies have strict laws about bread products?

Read the text below and choose the correct answer.

Why is a baker's dozen not 12?

Request a dozen eggs from a farmer, a dozen steaks from a butcher, or a dozen pencils from a travelling office supplies salesman, and you will almost certainly receive 12 of your chosen item ( although counting errors do happen). But a baker's dozen is commonly understood to mean 13. Are bakers just bad at counting? Not quite.

There are a few theories as to why baker's dozen became 13, but most think it has its origins in the fact that many societies throughout history have had extremely strict laws concerning baker's products. This is due to the fact that it is fairly easy for bakers to cheat customers and sell them less than what they think they are getting.

These societies took this very seriously as bread was a primary food source for many people. So in Britain from the mid-13th century up to the 19 th century there was the Assize of Bread and Ale law. This law set the price of ale and what weight a loaf of bread should be. So basically, in terms of bread, it settled the relationship between the price and quality of wheat and what the price and quality of a loaf of bread from a certain quantity of wheat should be.

Even though this law appeared at the request of bakers, it still caused a problem for them. If they happened to accidentally cheat a customer by giving them less than what they were supposed to according to the law, the punishment and fines were severe. Depending on where the lawbreaker lived, it could include for example losing a hand.

In those times it wasn't that hard to accidentally cheat a customer. Making a loaf of bread with an exact weight was nearly impossible by hand without modern day tools. So, bakers began giving more than what the statute outlined to make sure they went over and never under. Specifically, in terms of the "baker's dozen" , if a vendor or other customer were to order a dozen or several dozen loaves of bread from a baker, the baker would give them 13 for every dozen they ordered. Likewise, when selling quantities of anything, they'd give 13 measures when only 12 were purchased.

This practice eventually made its way into the Worshipful Company of Bakers ( London) guild code. This guild was actually started in the 12th century and had a large part in putting together the conditions of the Assize of Bread and Ale law.

2. What did the Assize of Bread and Ale law regulate?

Read the text below and choose the correct answer.

Why is a baker's dozen not 12?

Request a dozen eggs from a farmer, a dozen steaks from a butcher, or a dozen pencils from a travelling office supplies salesman, and you will almost certainly receive 12 of your chosen item ( although counting errors do happen). But a baker's dozen is commonly understood to mean 13. Are bakers just bad at counting? Not quite.

There are a few theories as to why baker's dozen became 13, but most think it has its origins in the fact that many societies throughout history have had extremely strict laws concerning baker's products. This is due to the fact that it is fairly easy for bakers to cheat customers and sell them less than what they think they are getting.

These societies took this very seriously as bread was a primary food source for many people. So in Britain from the mid-13th century up to the 19 th century there was the Assize of Bread and Ale law. This law set the price of ale and what weight a loaf of bread should be. So basically, in terms of bread, it settled the relationship between the price and quality of wheat and what the price and quality of a loaf of bread from a certain quantity of wheat should be.

Even though this law appeared at the request of bakers, it still caused a problem for them. If they happened to accidentally cheat a customer by giving them less than what they were supposed to according to the law, the punishment and fines were severe. Depending on where the lawbreaker lived, it could include for example losing a hand.

In those times it wasn't that hard to accidentally cheat a customer. Making a loaf of bread with an exact weight was nearly impossible by hand without modern day tools. So, bakers began giving more than what the statute outlined to make sure they went over and never under. Specifically, in terms of the "baker's dozen" , if a vendor or other customer were to order a dozen or several dozen loaves of bread from a baker, the baker would give them 13 for every dozen they ordered. Likewise, when selling quantities of anything, they'd give 13 measures when only 12 were purchased.

This practice eventually made its way into the Worshipful Company of Bakers ( London) guild code. This guild was actually started in the 12th century and had a large part in putting together the conditions of the Assize of Bread and Ale law.

3. Why was the Assize of Bread and Ale statute a problem for bakers?

Read the text below and choose the correct answer.

Why is a baker's dozen not 12?

Request a dozen eggs from a farmer, a dozen steaks from a butcher, or a dozen pencils from a travelling office supplies salesman, and you will almost certainly receive 12 of your chosen item ( although counting errors do happen). But a baker's dozen is commonly understood to mean 13. Are bakers just bad at counting? Not quite.

There are a few theories as to why baker's dozen became 13, but most think it has its origins in the fact that many societies throughout history have had extremely strict laws concerning baker's products. This is due to the fact that it is fairly easy for bakers to cheat customers and sell them less than what they think they are getting.

These societies took this very seriously as bread was a primary food source for many people. So in Britain from the mid-13th century up to the 19 th century there was the Assize of Bread and Ale law. This law set the price of ale and what weight a loaf of bread should be. So basically, in terms of bread, it settled the relationship between the price and quality of wheat and what the price and quality of a loaf of bread from a certain quantity of wheat should be.

Even though this law appeared at the request of bakers, it still caused a problem for them. If they happened to accidentally cheat a customer by giving them less than what they were supposed to according to the law, the punishment and fines were severe. Depending on where the lawbreaker lived, it could include for example losing a hand.

In those times it wasn't that hard to accidentally cheat a customer. Making a loaf of bread with an exact weight was nearly impossible by hand without modern day tools. So, bakers began giving more than what the statute outlined to make sure they went over and never under. Specifically, in terms of the "baker's dozen" , if a vendor or other customer were to order a dozen or several dozen loaves of bread from a baker, the baker would give them 13 for every dozen they ordered. Likewise, when selling quantities of anything, they'd give 13 measures when only 12 were purchased.

This practice eventually made its way into the Worshipful Company of Bakers ( London) guild code. This guild was actually started in the 12th century and had a large part in putting together the conditions of the Assize of Bread and Ale law.

4. Why was it easy to accidentally cheat a customer?

Read the text below and choose the correct answer.

Why is a baker's dozen not 12?

Request a dozen eggs from a farmer, a dozen steaks from a butcher, or a dozen pencils from a travelling office supplies salesman, and you will almost certainly receive 12 of your chosen item ( although counting errors do happen). But a baker's dozen is commonly understood to mean 13. Are bakers just bad at counting? Not quite.

There are a few theories as to why baker's dozen became 13, but most think it has its origins in the fact that many societies throughout history have had extremely strict laws concerning baker's products. This is due to the fact that it is fairly easy for bakers to cheat customers and sell them less than what they think they are getting.

These societies took this very seriously as bread was a primary food source for many people. So in Britain from the mid-13th century up to the 19 th century there was the Assize of Bread and Ale law. This law set the price of ale and what weight a loaf of bread should be. So basically, in terms of bread, it settled the relationship between the price and quality of wheat and what the price and quality of a loaf of bread from a certain quantity of wheat should be.

Even though this law appeared at the request of bakers, it still caused a problem for them. If they happened to accidentally cheat a customer by giving them less than what they were supposed to according to the law, the punishment and fines were severe. Depending on where the lawbreaker lived, it could include for example losing a hand.

In those times it wasn't that hard to accidentally cheat a customer. Making a loaf of bread with an exact weight was nearly impossible by hand without modern day tools. So, bakers began giving more than what the statute outlined to make sure they went over and never under. Specifically, in terms of the "baker's dozen" , if a vendor or other customer were to order a dozen or several dozen loaves of bread from a baker, the baker would give them 13 for every dozen they ordered. Likewise, when selling quantities of anything, they'd give 13 measures when only 12 were purchased.

This practice eventually made its way into the Worshipful Company of Bakers ( London) guild code. This guild was actually started in the 12th century and had a large part in putting together the conditions of the Assize of Bread and Ale law.

5. How did the bakers make sure they did not cheat customers?

Use of English.

Choose the option that fits the gap correctly.

1. How does your brother _______?

2. He wanted to know ______ that French film.

3. Do you really think I should apologise? Maybe _____

4. _______ in the photo is a surgeon. Can you guess which one?

5. You and your older brother used to fight a lot, _________?

Complete the mini-dialogues by choosing the correct option.

1. A: Would you like to join us?

B: _____________

A: Be ready tomorrow at 7 then.

2. A: I hope it's not too much trouble for you.

B: _______________

3. A: Who's the _________ behaved student in your class?

B: Unfortunately it's me. My parents are not happy about it.

4. A: What do you think of our new Maths teacher?

B: ____________

5. A: I'd like to book a single room for the next weekend, please.

B: ______________

A: Oh, dear, let me think about it then.

Choose the options that can best replace the words in bold.

1. They turned down his application.

2. My uncle Jack doesn't smoke and his wife doesn't smoke either.

3. How can I get in touch with your cousin?

4. Are you in favour of capital punishment?

5. My mum took up yoga last year.

Choose the word that correctly fills the gaps in both sentences.

1. I'm going in your direction, so I'll _______ you home.

This noise from the street is beginning to _______ me mad.

2. You can use that bottle _________ to get rid of empty bottles.

Let's have a picnic by the river __________ on Saturday.

3. What's that actor's name? It's on the ______ of my tongue.

We gave the waiter a big ______ for his excellent service.

4. His latest album goes on ______ next week.

I've heard that our neighbours' house is for _____

5. We'd like to start the meeting so could you please ______ your seats?

How long does it _______ you to get to school?