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Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who had also worked on developing penicillin as a drug. Fleming’s research helped pave the way for all modern antibiotics, which have proved to be effective drugs for the treatment of many diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis.

Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881, in Lochfield, Scotland. He studied medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital Medical School, at London University. When his degree was finished, he began researching substances that kill bacteria (microorganisms that are responsible for causing some diseases). Fleming continued his work during World War I (1914–18). After the war ended he returned to Saint Mary’s College.

In 1928, thanks to a lucky accident, Fleming made the most important discovery of his life. He was using Staphylococcus bacteria when he noticed that the bacteria could not survive if a mold, called Penicillium notatum, contaminated the sample.

Fleming had smeared some Staphylococcus bacteria on a culture plate before going on holiday. While he was away, a mold spore had flown into the laboratory from another nearby laboratory where molds were being studied. When he returned, Fleming discovered the bacteria had grown and covered the entire plate except for one area, which was covered in mold. After investigating further, Fleming found a substance in the mold that prevented the bacteria from growing, even if it was diluted 800 times. He named the substance penicillin.

Fleming realized the importance of his discovery in the fight against disease, but he was not able to isolate enough penicillin for its use on humans. Eleven years later two other scientists took Fleming’s research to the next stage.

Ernst Chain and Howard Florey were able to carry out more experiments on penicillin, producing enough to make effective medicines and test them on patients. In 1941 penicillin was introduced as a worldwide treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, and three years later Alexander Fleming was knighted. He died on March 11, 1955.

What did Alexander Fleming discover?

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who had also worked on developing penicillin as a drug. Fleming’s research helped pave the way for all modern antibiotics, which have proved to be effective drugs for the treatment of many diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis.

Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881, in Lochfield, Scotland. He studied medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital Medical School, at London University. When his degree was finished, he began researching substances that kill bacteria (microorganisms that are responsible for causing some diseases). Fleming continued his work during World War I (1914–18). After the war ended he returned to Saint Mary’s College.

In 1928, thanks to a lucky accident, Fleming made the most important discovery of his life. He was using Staphylococcus bacteria when he noticed that the bacteria could not survive if a mold, called Penicillium notatum, contaminated the sample.

Fleming had smeared some Staphylococcus bacteria on a culture plate before going on holiday. While he was away, a mold spore had flown into the laboratory from another nearby laboratory where molds were being studied. When he returned, Fleming discovered the bacteria had grown and covered the entire plate except for one area, which was covered in mold. After investigating further, Fleming found a substance in the mold that prevented the bacteria from growing, even if it was diluted 800 times. He named the substance penicillin.

Fleming realized the importance of his discovery in the fight against disease, but he was not able to isolate enough penicillin for its use on humans. Eleven years later two other scientists took Fleming’s research to the next stage.

Ernst Chain and Howard Florey were able to carry out more experiments on penicillin, producing enough to make effective medicines and test them on patients. In 1941 penicillin was introduced as a worldwide treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, and three years later Alexander Fleming was knighted. He died on March 11, 1955.

What is NOT mentioned in the text about Alexander Fleming's life?

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who had also worked on developing penicillin as a drug. Fleming’s research helped pave the way for all modern antibiotics, which have proved to be effective drugs for the treatment of many diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis.

Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881, in Lochfield, Scotland. He studied medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital Medical School, at London University. When his degree was finished, he began researching substances that kill bacteria (microorganisms that are responsible for causing some diseases). Fleming continued his work during World War I (1914–18). After the war ended he returned to Saint Mary’s College.

In 1928, thanks to a lucky accident, Fleming made the most important discovery of his life. He was using Staphylococcus bacteria when he noticed that the bacteria could not survive if a mold, called Penicillium notatum, contaminated the sample.

Fleming had smeared some Staphylococcus bacteria on a culture plate before going on holiday. While he was away, a mold spore had flown into the laboratory from another nearby laboratory where molds were being studied. When he returned, Fleming discovered the bacteria had grown and covered the entire plate except for one area, which was covered in mold. After investigating further, Fleming found a substance in the mold that prevented the bacteria from growing, even if it was diluted 800 times. He named the substance penicillin.

Fleming realized the importance of his discovery in the fight against disease, but he was not able to isolate enough penicillin for its use on humans. Eleven years later two other scientists took Fleming’s research to the next stage.

Ernst Chain and Howard Florey were able to carry out more experiments on penicillin, producing enough to make effective medicines and test them on patients. In 1941 penicillin was introduced as a worldwide treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, and three years later Alexander Fleming was knighted. He died on March 11, 1955.

According to PARAGRAPH 5, Fleming was not able____________enough penicillin for its use on humans.

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who had also worked on developing penicillin as a drug. Fleming’s research helped pave the way for all modern antibiotics, which have proved to be effective drugs for the treatment of many diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis.

Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881, in Lochfield, Scotland. He studied medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital Medical School, at London University. When his degree was finished, he began researching substances that kill bacteria (microorganisms that are responsible for causing some diseases). Fleming continued his work during World War I (1914–18). After the war ended he returned to Saint Mary’s College.

In 1928, thanks to a lucky accident, Fleming made the most important discovery of his life. He was using Staphylococcus bacteria when he noticed that the bacteria could not survive if a mold, called Penicillium notatum, contaminated the sample.

Fleming had smeared some Staphylococcus bacteria on a culture plate before going on holiday. While he was away, a mold spore had flown into the laboratory from another nearby laboratory where molds were being studied. When he returned, Fleming discovered the bacteria had grown and covered the entire plate except for one area, which was covered in mold. After investigating further, Fleming found a substance in the mold that prevented the bacteria from growing, even if it was diluted 800 times. He named the substance penicillin.

Fleming realized the importance of his discovery in the fight against disease, but he was not able to isolate enough penicillin for its use on humans. Eleven years later two other scientists took Fleming’s research to the next stage.

Ernst Chain and Howard Florey were able to carry out more experiments on penicillin, producing enough to make effective medicines and test them on patients. In 1941 penicillin was introduced as a worldwide treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, and three years later Alexander Fleming was knighted. He died on March 11, 1955.

Who else worked with Alexander Fleming on the introduction of penicillin into medicine?

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who had also worked on developing penicillin as a drug. Fleming’s research helped pave the way for all modern antibiotics, which have proved to be effective drugs for the treatment of many diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis.

Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881, in Lochfield, Scotland. He studied medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital Medical School, at London University. When his degree was finished, he began researching substances that kill bacteria (microorganisms that are responsible for causing some diseases). Fleming continued his work during World War I (1914–18). After the war ended he returned to Saint Mary’s College.

In 1928, thanks to a lucky accident, Fleming made the most important discovery of his life. He was using Staphylococcus bacteria when he noticed that the bacteria could not survive if a mold, called Penicillium notatum, contaminated the sample.

Fleming had smeared some Staphylococcus bacteria on a culture plate before going on holiday. While he was away, a mold spore had flown into the laboratory from another nearby laboratory where molds were being studied. When he returned, Fleming discovered the bacteria had grown and covered the entire plate except for one area, which was covered in mold. After investigating further, Fleming found a substance in the mold that prevented the bacteria from growing, even if it was diluted 800 times. He named the substance penicillin.

Fleming realized the importance of his discovery in the fight against disease, but he was not able to isolate enough penicillin for its use on humans. Eleven years later two other scientists took Fleming’s research to the next stage.

Ernst Chain and Howard Florey were able to carry out more experiments on penicillin, producing enough to make effective medicines and test them on patients. In 1941 penicillin was introduced as a worldwide treatment for diseases were due to bacteria, and three years later Alexander Fleming was knighted. He died on March 11, 1955.

Penicillin was introduced as a worldwide treatment for diseases__________________________.

Liverpool is a city in North West England, United Kingdom with a population of about 485,000. The local government is Liverpool City Council. Liverpool is on the eastern side of the River Mersey. It used to lie in the old area of West Derby in the south west of Lancashire. It became a borough in 1207 and a city in 1880. In 1889, it became separate from Lancashire. Liverpool's growth as a large port was matched by the growth of the city during the Industrial Revolution. It was most famous as a port during the late 19th and early 20th century. It is the birthplace of the famous rock group The Beatles. It is also famous because of its football teams, Everton F.C. and Liverpool F.C.

Which town ________________________?

Rio de Janeiro is the second largest (after São Paulo) city in Brazil, from 1764 to 1960 it was the capital of Brazil, from 1808 to 1821 it was also the capital of the Portuguese state. The city is famous for its spectacular nature, carnival celebrations, samba and other music, sunny beaches (such as Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon), hotels, good-natured and hospitable lifestyle of its inhabitants. Among the most prominent sights of the city is the giant statue of Jesus the Redeemer (Cristo Redentor) on Corcovado Mountain.

Which town ________________________?

Sydney is the second largest city in Australia after Melbourne, with a population of 4,698,656 in 2021. The city was founded in 1788 by Arthur Philip, who arrived here at the head of the First Fleet, and was the site of the first colonial European settlement in Australia. The city is built on the hills that surround Port Jackson, better known as Sydney Harbour, where the famous Sydney Opera House and the Harbor Bridge stand out. According to the results of a survey conducted by Forbes magazine among experts in 2010, Sydney was among the twelve most beautiful cities in the world.

Which town ________________________?

Salt Lake City is a city in the USA, in Salt Lake County, the capital and most populous city of the state of Utah. Population 186,440 people (2010). The city is surrounded by the Wasatch and Oquir Mountains near the Great Salt Lake; located at an altitude of about 1300 m. The largest city of the state; the industrial, trade and financial center of the Great Basin region. It has an international airport.

Which town ________________________?

Nuremberg is a town in Germany, in the federal state of Bavaria, located on the Pegnitz River. During World War II, Nuremberg was destroyed. During 1943-1945, 90% of the city's buildings were destroyed by the bombing of the allied aircraft. From November 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946, an international tribunal (the Nuremberg Trials) was held in Nuremberg over the main Nazi criminals.

Which town ________________________?

Lille is a city and municipality in France, the administrative center of the Haut-de-France region and the Nord department. Population — 227,533 people (2011). Lille has a subway and tram. Five highways cross here. And the business center and the city's two railway stations, where dozens of high-speed trains (TGV) arrive every day, make the city a real commercial center of Europe. It takes two and a half hours to drive from Lille to Paris, 38 minutes to Brussels and 1 hour 40 minutes to London.

Which town ________________________?

100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others

100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going. Betty Lowe, (17) ______ , was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.

She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) ______ so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres for soldiers in the Army. The active lady, (19) ______ and had to attend an open-air school, is also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.

Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.” She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) ______ .

She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.” She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) ______ and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.

Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”

Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But (22) ______ and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to congratulate her on her centenary.

She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”

100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others

100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going. Betty Lowe, (17) ______ , was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.

She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) ______ so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres for soldiers in the Army. The active lady, (19) ______ and had to attend an open-air school, is also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.

Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.” She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) ______ .

She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.” She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) ______ and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.

Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”

Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But (22) ______ and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to congratulate her on her centenary.

She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”

100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others

100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going. Betty Lowe, (17) ______ , was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.

She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) ______ so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres for soldiers in the Army. The active lady, (19) ______ and had to attend an open-air school, is also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.

Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.” She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) ______ .

She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.” She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) ______ and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.

Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”

Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But (22) ______ and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to congratulate her on her centenary.

She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”

100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others

100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going. Betty Lowe, (17) ______ , was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.

She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) ______ so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres for soldiers in the Army. The active lady, (19) ______ and had to attend an open-air school, is also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.

Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.” She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) ______ .

She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.” She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) ______ and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.

Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”

Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But (22) ______ and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to congratulate her on her centenary.

She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”

100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others

100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going. Betty Lowe, (17) ______ , was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.

She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) ______ so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres for soldiers in the Army. The active lady, (19) ______ and had to attend an open-air school, is also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.

Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.” She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) ______ .

She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.” She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) ______ and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.

Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”

Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But (22) ______ and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to congratulate her on her centenary.

She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”

100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others

100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going. Betty Lowe, (17) ______ , was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.

She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) ______ so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres for soldiers in the Army. The active lady, (19) ______ and had to attend an open-air school, is also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.

Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.” She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) ______ .

She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.” She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) ______ and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.

Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”

Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But (22) ______ and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to congratulate her on her centenary.

She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and died on March 31, 1727, in London, was an English physicist and mathematician. Newton (23)________________ by his grandmother, Newton was the son of a yeoman. He studied at Cambridge University from 1661 to 1665, where he discovered the work of René Descartes.

Newton's experiments with sunlight and a prism led to the discovery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light, (24)_________________ the groundwork for physical optics. In 1668, he built the first reflecting telescope and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge a year later. Newton also developed the fundamentals of calculus, although this work remained unpublished for over three decades.

His (25)_____________ renowned publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), was a result of correspondence with Edmond Halley. The book, which detailed his works on the laws of motion, orbital dynamics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, is considered a cornerstone of modern science. Newton was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and (26)_________________ the first scientist to be knighted in 1705.

(27)_________________his career, Newton had several disputes with his peers, including Robert Hooke (over the authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. Leibniz (over the authorship of calculus). The dispute with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life. It is now widely accepted that Newton developed calculus first, but Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and died on March 31, 1727, in London, was an English physicist and mathematician. Newton (23)________________ by his grandmother, Newton was the son of a yeoman. He studied at Cambridge University from 1661 to 1665, where he discovered the work of René Descartes.

Newton's experiments with sunlight and a prism led to the discovery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light, (24)_________________ the groundwork for physical optics. In 1668, he built the first reflecting telescope and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge a year later. Newton also developed the fundamentals of calculus, although this work remained unpublished for over three decades.

His (25)_____________ renowned publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), was a result of correspondence with Edmond Halley. The book, which detailed his works on the laws of motion, orbital dynamics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, is considered a cornerstone of modern science. Newton was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and (26)_________________ the first scientist to be knighted in 1705.

(27)_________________his career, Newton had several disputes with his peers, including Robert Hooke (over the authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. Leibniz (over the authorship of calculus). The dispute with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life. It is now widely accepted that Newton developed calculus first, but Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and died on March 31, 1727, in London, was an English physicist and mathematician. Newton (23)________________ by his grandmother, Newton was the son of a yeoman. He studied at Cambridge University from 1661 to 1665, where he discovered the work of René Descartes.

Newton's experiments with sunlight and a prism led to the discovery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light, (24)_________________ the groundwork for physical optics. In 1668, he built the first reflecting telescope and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge a year later. Newton also developed the fundamentals of calculus, although this work remained unpublished for over three decades.

His (25)_____________renowned publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), was a result of correspondence with Edmond Halley. The book, which detailed his works on the laws of motion, orbital dynamics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, is considered a cornerstone of modern science. Newton was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and (26)_________________ the first scientist to be knighted in 1705.

(27)_________________his career, Newton had several disputes with his peers, including Robert Hooke (over the authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. Leibniz (over the authorship of calculus). The dispute with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life. It is now widely accepted that Newton developed calculus first, but Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and died on March 31, 1727, in London, was an English physicist and mathematician. Newton (23)________________ by his grandmother, Newton was the son of a yeoman. He studied at Cambridge University from 1661 to 1665, where he discovered the work of René Descartes.

Newton's experiments with sunlight and a prism led to the discovery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light, (24)_________________ the groundwork for physical optics. In 1668, he built the first reflecting telescope and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge a year later. Newton also developed the fundamentals of calculus, although this work remained unpublished for over three decades.

His (25)_____________renowned publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), was a result of correspondence with Edmond Halley. The book, which detailed his works on the laws of motion, orbital dynamics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, is considered a cornerstone of modern science. Newton was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and (26)_________________ the first scientist to be knighted in 1705.

(27)_________________ his career, Newton had several disputes with his peers, including Robert Hooke (over the authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. Leibniz (over the authorship of calculus). The dispute with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life. It is now widely accepted that Newton developed calculus first, but Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and died on March 31, 1727, in London, was an English physicist and mathematician. Newton (23)________________ by his grandmother, Newton was the son of a yeoman. He studied at Cambridge University from 1661 to 1665, where he discovered the work of René Descartes.

Newton's experiments with sunlight and a prism led to the discovery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light, (24)_________________ the groundwork for physical optics. In 1668, he built the first reflecting telescope and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge a year later. Newton also developed the fundamentals of calculus, although this work remained unpublished for over three decades.

His (25)_____________ renowned publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), was a result of correspondence with Edmond Halley. The book, which detailed his works on the laws of motion, orbital dynamics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, is considered a cornerstone of modern science. Newton was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and (26)_________________ the first scientist to be knighted in 1705.

(27)__________________ his career, Newton had several disputes with his peers, including Robert Hooke (over the authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. Leibniz (over the authorship of calculus). The dispute with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life. It is now widely accepted that Newton developed calculus first, but Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.

Las Vegas

A year-round desert resort, Las Vegas, Nevada, is known primarily for its luxury hotels, gambling casinos, and nightclub entertainment. The main business of the city is tourism, which (28)______________________ more income to the state of Nevada than agriculture, manufacturing, and mining combined. The city, located in the southeastern part of the state, is also the hub of a commercial and mining area. It is the largest city in Nevada.

The chief tourist attraction is gambling, (29)________________ is legal in Nevada. The major casinos are at the downtown Casino Center and on the Strip, a stretch of highway leading into the city. The casinos, many of which are within the luxury hotels, (30)_______________ 24 hours a day. At night their brilliant, multicolored signs light up not only the streets, but also the desert sky.

With its focus on gambling and entertainment, Las Vegas (31)________________a major convention center. In the city is the largest single-level convention hall in the United States. Las Vegas also now (32)_______________ major sporting events that range from golf and tennis to bowling and boxing. Nearby are popular tourist sites, including Hoover Dam and Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and Death Valley National Park. Adjacent to the suburb of North Las Vegas is Nellis Air Force Base, and Creech Air Force Base lies about 35 miles (55 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas. The city also has a branch of the University of Nevada.

Las Vegas

A year-round desert resort, Las Vegas, Nevada, is known primarily for its luxury hotels, gambling casinos, and nightclub entertainment. The main business of the city is tourism, which (28)______________________ more income to the state of Nevada than agriculture, manufacturing, and mining combined. The city, located in the southeastern part of the state, is also the hub of a commercial and mining area. It is the largest city in Nevada.

The chief tourist attraction is gambling, (29)_________________ is legal in Nevada. The major casinos are at the downtown Casino Center and on the Strip, a stretch of highway leading into the city. The casinos, many of which are within the luxury hotels, (30)________________ 24 hours a day. At night their brilliant, multicolored signs light up not only the streets, but also the desert sky.

With its focus on gambling and entertainment, Las Vegas (31)__________________a major convention center. In the city is the largest single-level convention hall in the United States. Las Vegas also now (32)_______________ major sporting events that range from golf and tennis to bowling and boxing. Nearby are popular tourist sites, including Hoover Dam and Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and Death Valley National Park. Adjacent to the suburb of North Las Vegas is Nellis Air Force Base, and Creech Air Force Base lies about 35 miles (55 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas. The city also has a branch of the University of Nevada.

Las Vegas

A year-round desert resort, Las Vegas, Nevada, is known primarily for its luxury hotels, gambling casinos, and nightclub entertainment. The main business of the city is tourism, which (28)______________________ more income to the state of Nevada than agriculture, manufacturing, and mining combined. The city, located in the southeastern part of the state, is also the hub of a commercial and mining area. It is the largest city in Nevada.

The chief tourist attraction is gambling, (29)_________________ is legal in Nevada. The major casinos are at the downtown Casino Center and on the Strip, a stretch of highway leading into the city. The casinos, many of which are within the luxury hotels, (30)_________________24 hours a day. At night their brilliant, multicolored signs light up not only the streets, but also the desert sky.

With its focus on gambling and entertainment, Las Vegas (31)____________________a major convention center. In the city is the largest single-level convention hall in the United States. Las Vegas also now (32)_______________ major sporting events that range from golf and tennis to bowling and boxing. Nearby are popular tourist sites, including Hoover Dam and Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and Death Valley National Park. Adjacent to the suburb of North Las Vegas is Nellis Air Force Base, and Creech Air Force Base lies about 35 miles (55 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas. The city also has a branch of the University of Nevada.

Las Vegas

A year-round desert resort, Las Vegas, Nevada, is known primarily for its luxury hotels, gambling casinos, and nightclub entertainment. The main business of the city is tourism, which (28)______________________ more income to the state of Nevada than agriculture, manufacturing, and mining combined. The city, located in the southeastern part of the state, is also the hub of a commercial and mining area. It is the largest city in Nevada.

The chief tourist attraction is gambling, (29)_________________ is legal in Nevada. The major casinos are at the downtown Casino Center and on the Strip, a stretch of highway leading into the city. The casinos, many of which are within the luxury hotels, (30)_________________24 hours a day. At night their brilliant, multicolored signs light up not only the streets, but also the desert sky.

With its focus on gambling and entertainment, Las Vegas (31)___________________a major convention center. In the city is the largest single-level convention hall in the United States. Las Vegas also now (32)_______________ major sporting events that range from golf and tennis to bowling and boxing. Nearby are popular tourist sites, including Hoover Dam and Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and Death Valley National Park. Adjacent to the suburb of North Las Vegas is Nellis Air Force Base, and Creech Air Force Base lies about 35 miles (55 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas. The city also has a branch of the University of Nevada.

Las Vegas

A year-round desert resort, Las Vegas, Nevada, is known primarily for its luxury hotels, gambling casinos, and nightclub entertainment. The main business of the city is tourism, which (28)______________________ more income to the state of Nevada than agriculture, manufacturing, and mining combined. The city, located in the southeastern part of the state, is also the hub of a commercial and mining area. It is the largest city in Nevada.

The chief tourist attraction is gambling, (29)_________________ is legal in Nevada. The major casinos are at the downtown Casino Center and on the Strip, a stretch of highway leading into the city. The casinos, many of which are within the luxury hotels, (30)_________________24 hours a day. At night their brilliant, multicolored signs light up not only the streets, but also the desert sky.

With its focus on gambling and entertainment, Las Vegas (31)___________________a major convention center. In the city is the largest single-level convention hall in the United States. Las Vegas also now (32)______________ major sporting events that range from golf and tennis to bowling and boxing. Nearby are popular tourist sites, including Hoover Dam and Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and Death Valley National Park. Adjacent to the suburb of North Las Vegas is Nellis Air Force Base, and Creech Air Force Base lies about 35 miles (55 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas. The city also has a branch of the University of Nevada.