Верстати

Machine-tools are used to shape metals and ...

The material to be shaped is called the ...

Most machine-tools are now ...

Ma­chine-tools with electrical drive are... and more ... than hand tools

All machine-tools have ... for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool ... to the workpiece

Most machining operations generate large .... of heat, and use cooling ... (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and ...

... usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately

They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between ...

Other machining meth­ods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting ...

Numerical control of machine-tools and ... manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a ... of pro­ducts.