Word formation. The most common suffixes
Word formation
By understanding the different methods of word formation, students can expand their language skills and improve their ability to communicate in English.
Word formation is divided into four categories based on the method of formation. These are:
- Prefix addition
- Suffix addition
- Word class conversion
- Compound word formation
Let’s consider suffix addition.
Common suffixes for adjectives
|
Suffix |
Example |
Meaning |
|
able/ible |
changeable terrible |
able to |
|
ant/ent |
confident arrogant |
a person |
|
ful |
useful |
full of |
|
ic |
heroic |
having the form |
|
ish |
selfish |
a little |
|
ate |
considerate |
become |
|
ive |
active |
having the nature of |
|
less |
useless |
without |
|
like |
business-like |
similar to |
|
ous |
serious |
having quality |
|
some |
tiresome |
tendency to |
|
y |
easy |
made up of characterized by |
|
al |
accidental |
pertaining to |
|
ile |
fragile |
having the nature of |
Common suffixes for adverbs
|
Suffix |
Example |
Meaning |
|
ly |
easily |
in a manner |
|
wise |
clockwise |
in relation to |
|
ward |
forward |
showing direction |
Common suffixes for nouns
|
Suffix |
Example |
Meaning |
|
er/or |
teacher conductor |
a person |
|
ion |
evolution |
process, state or result |
|
hood |
childhood |
state of being |
|
ment |
development |
an action or a state |
|
dom |
freedom |
state, quality of being |
|
ance/ence |
independence endurance |
an action or a state |
|
ant |
accountant |
a person |
|
ee |
trainee |
a person |
|
ism |
socialism |
belief or condition |
|
ist |
terrorist |
a person |
|
ness |
happiness |
state, quality |
|
ship |
friendship |
position held |
|
ice |
service |
result of an action |
|
ure |
pleasure |
action, process or result |
|
(i)ty |
honesty |
quality |
|
ery |
bakery |
a type or a place of work |
|
age |
marriage |
result or a state |
|
th |
warmth |
state or quality |
|
tude |
magnitude |
result of an action |
Common suffixes for verbs
|
Suffix |
Example |
Meaning |
|
en |
worsen |
become |
|
ise |
organise |
become |
|
ate |
motivate |
become |
|
ify |
terrify |
make |
Fill in the right form of the word in brackets
- wonderful (perform)
- for your own (safe)
- come to me (conclude)
- (wealth) people
- (innovate) technologies
- to (strong) muscles
- (distance) island
- have (difficult)
- (short) of resources
- nearly die of (boring)
- (compete) between companies
- the (responsible) of men
- diving (equip)
- in (respond) to complaints
- tell the (true)
- have an (appoint)
- be (great) for help
- jewelry is (value)
- (mystery) temples
- (political) correct
- strong (possible) of rain
- have to (memory)
- hotel is (comfort)
- the (depart) lounge
- ask for (forgive)
- my (relation) with Chris
Key
- performance
- safety
- conclusion
- wealthy
- innovative
- strengthen
- distant
- difficulty
- shortage
- boredom
- competition
- responsibility
- equipment
- response
- truth
- appointment
- grateful
- valuable
- mysterious
- politically
- possibility
- memorize
- comfortable
- departure
- forgiveness
- relationship
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