Значення історії батьків-пілігримів для історії та культури Сполучених Штатів (Презентація)

Курс історії американської літератури Значення історії батьків-пілігримів для історії та культури Сполучених Штатів Значення історії батьків-пілігримів для історії та культури Сполучених Штатів

Plymouth 1620Pilgrims and Mayflower

Pilgrims Come to America In the mid 1600s, a religious group called the Separatists tried to separate from the church of England. They wanted religious freedom.

` I want to worship as I please

You are forbidden to worship anything other than the what the church of England says you can

Pilgrims Try to Escape England The Pilgrims were a part of the Separatists.

Pilgrims ask to go to Virginia Can we come to America to practice our religion?

The Virginia Company says Ok In 1618, the Virginia Company agreed to help the Pilgrims get to America and settle in on the company’s land. I don’t care if the pilgrims come to America

The Mayflower After two years and several setbacks, the Pilgrims finally boarded a ship called the Mayflower that was to take them across the Atlantic Ocean to America.

What Did the Pilgrims Eat?

Atlantic Storms Hit During late November several Atlantic storms began to hit the Mayflower. The strong winds tore through the sails and pushed the Mayflower far north of its intended location.

Off Course Oh no…this isn’t where we wanted to land

The Mayflower Compact Since the Pilgrims knew they needed a way to keep order and create laws the men aboard the ship developed what has become known as the Mayflower Compact. We need to agree on rules

The Mayflower Compact The mayflower compact is important because it established the idea of self government and majority rule. But I don’t want to… Too bad… We are the majority

The Pilgrims Land The Pilgrims had landed in Cape Cod Massachusetts, an area that John Smith had mapped and named New England. The Pilgrims named their new colony (town) Plymouth after the town they left in England.

We will call this Plymouth Thank God we can have religious freedom

I speak English and we can help you

Thank you for showing us what to do

Appendix https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EBknU7D1OI&ab_channel=Seeker Where Did The First Americans Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3GXxOC1yJ8&ab_channel=MorganHoven The First Americans. Land bridge theory

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Western Hemisphere had already been reached by courageous Scandinavian seafarers in the 10th century, but the actual discovery of America was made during the Renaissance period, in the 16th century. In search of a shorter and safer trade-route from Europe to Asia, Christopher Columbus landed on some island near Cuba in 1492 which he mistook for India. The misunderstanding was cleared up a few years later when the Florentine, Amerigo Vespucci, explored that coast and found that it was not India. So the new continent came to be called Ame¬rica after the name of its undoubted discoverer. More than a century was spent on compassing (['kʌmpəs] (просторові кордони) both Americas. The northern part of America, where Canada and the United States now lie, was first explored by a Bristol merchant John Cabot and his son Sebastian who sailed direct west from England across the Atlantic, and then by Henry Hudson. The southern continent was explored by the Spaniards and the Portuguese.

At first the only aim of these white adventurers was to get gold. That is why they were more interested in the southern part of the continent: there lived numerous rich tribes of Indians, some of them highly civilized. Cortes, the conquistador from Spain, went to what is now Mexico with a band of cut-throats and plundered the American Indians using the most murderous means. Eventually Spanish settlements appeared on the Haiti and Cuba; but it was only at the beginning of the 17th century that colonization of America really started. Four European nations competed in that overseas expansion: Spain, Holland, France and England. Spain colonized the part of North America where Florida, Georgia and South Carolina now are. The Dutch founded colonies around the mouth of the Hudson River and built a town on the Island of Manhattan which they called New Amsterdam. Then further north, in Canada, the French founded their colony Quebec. Some time later came the English. London merchants organized a company for starting farming colonies in Virginia. The wealthier of the new settlers received large tracts of land and became plantation owners. The rest became small farmers. The governors of the English colonies were appointed by the king of England.

Colonization of America on a large scale in the 17th century was due to the changing conditions in Europe. Hundreds of thousands of poor peasants who had lost their land in Britain and Germany were forced to leave their native countries and search for new homes across the Atlantic. A group of English Puritans set sail from Plymouth early in September 1620, in a ship called the Mayflower. After a long voyage across a stormy sea they dropped anchor at Cape Cod Bay on November 11. These Puritans are generally spoken of as the "Pilgrim Fathers". One hundred and two of the pilgrims survived the voyage and reached the shores of America. When still on the ship they agreed that they would build up a new society where every member would be free; and before leaving the ship, they signed a pact called the Mayflower Compact (договір). The Pilgrim Fathers promised: "...to enact (вводити в дію закон), constitute (набувати чинності) and frame (створювати) such just and equal Laws, Ordinances (['ɔːdɪnən(t)s] (закон; постанова), Acts, Constitutions and Offices, … for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience."

The Puritans set up a more democratic form of government than that of the southern colonies, yet it was a bourgeois order with a theocracy (теократія = форма правління, коли політична влада належить духівництву) at the top. It should be remembered that before the American Revolution the main occupation of the population was agriculture. Industry developed later. At first the Pilgrims had a hard time cultivating the virgin land, but when they began to prosper, they expanded their holdings. They drove the Indians off their hunting-grounds and took the land for their own use. Later poor immigrants began to arrive in the New World. They were mostly ruined yeomen who needed land. If they could not buy land, they became tenants of, or servants to the landowners. Odd as it may seem, the Puritans who had come to America in search of freedom, believing that all men had a right to freedom, they themselves denied this freedom to the homeless immigrants and oppressed them. In the 18th century a bitter struggle was fought between the ruling classes of England, France, Holland and Spain to determine to which country the American continent should belong. England took over the Spanish and Dutch settlements and changed the name of New Amsterdam to New York. The combat with France lasted much longer.

But this New World had already been inhabited long before the Europeans came. The Red Indians, the native population, were the real Americans. The question of the origin of the Indians has not yet been settled. No one can decide whether they are Asiatics who had reached the American mainland by way of the frozen Bering Strait or by way of a ridge of land which since then has disappeared, or whether neolithic man took the place of palaeolithic man by domestic evolution. But this much seems certain: that there had been no communication between the North-American Indians and the rest of the world for many a thousand years, because their development was at so low a level that they had not yet discovered the use of the wheel. They lived in patriarchal tribes, and engaged in hunting and fishing. Most of the tribes were practically unfamiliar with agriculture. The natives met the first Europeans with hospitality. But when the Indians were cheated and plundered (грабувати, розоряти) and driven off their hunting-grounds, naturally they answered their enemy with blood and fire. But the Europeans in their greed for riches were ruthless. The way the Indians were annihilated by the white race constitutes one of the darkest pages in the history of mankind.

When was the American continent first reached by the people from Europe? Why wasn’t America called after Christopher Columbus? Who were the first explorers of the northern part of America, where Canada and the United States now lie? Who were the first explorers of the southern continent? Why were the first explorers more interested in the southern part of the continent? When did the colonization of America really started? What European nations competed in that overseas expansion? What were the reasons of colonization of America on a large scale in the 17th century? Who were "Pilgrim Fathers" and what did they promise in the pact called the Mayflower Compact? Some questions for students self-testing