Граматичний матеріал для підготовки учнів 10-11 класів до ЗНО з теми "Present Tenses".

Present Tenses. Present Simple. Present Continuous. Present Perfect. Present Perfect Continuous.

Present Simple. Present Continuous. Present Simple. Permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines. For general truth and laws of nature. For timetables (trains, planes, etc.) and programmes. For sport commentaries, reviews, narrations. Time expressions: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every…, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening. Present Continuous. For actions taking place now, at the moment of speaking, or for temporary actions; that is actions that are going on around now, but not at the actual moment of speaking. With always when we want to express our irritation at actions which happen too often. For actions that we have already arranged to do in the near future, especially when the time and place have been decided. For changing or developing situations. Time expressions: now, at the moment, these days, at present, tonight, nowadays, still, etc.

How to form. Present Simple+ I/We/You/They + V He/She/It +Vs- I/We/You/They don’t V He/She/It doesn’t V? Do I/We/You/They V…? Does He/She/It V…?Wh do/does ___ V…?Present Continuous+ I am Ving. He/She/It is Ving. We/You/They are Ving- I am not Ving. He/She/It is not Ving. We/You/They are not Ving? Am I Ving…? Is. He/She/It Ving…?Are We/You/They Ving…?Wh am/is/are ____ Ving…?

Expand the following into sentences in order to make true statements with DOES’T/ DON’T where necessary. Water / boil / at 100 C. Rice / grow / on trees. Chicks/ hatch / from eggs. Plants / need/ water to grow. Astronauts / travel / in submarines. Cows / lay / eggs. Fish / walk / on land. Bees/ give / honey. One fly/ fly. Two flies/ fly. Wool / come/ from sheep.

Read the following extracts and put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous.a. These days, it seems everything 1) (change). Cities 2) (become) bigger and bigger every year, technology 3) (develop) faster than before, and scientists 4) (learn) more about the way things work.c. This film 1) (be) great. It 2) (have) an all star cast and the script 3) (be) very funny. The action 4) (begin) when the young man 5) (try) to rob a bank.b. Water 1) (boil) at 100 C and 2) (freeze) when the temperature 3) (drop) below 0 C. Salt water 4) (be) different , however. d. Rogers 1) (kick) the ball and 2) (pass) it to Jones. Jones 3) (run) down the pitch. He 4) (pass) the ball to Swan who 5) (shoot) and 6) (score).

Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous…(you /know) that man over there? – Actually, I do. He’s Mary’s husband. Are you doing anything tomorrow evening? – Yes. I … (meet) Jack at 9 p.m. I …(see) you are feeling better. – Yes, I am. Thank you. What is that noise? – The people next door … (have) a party. Jim … (have) a new computer. – I know, I have already seen it. This dress … (not/ fit) me any more. – Why don’t you buy a new one?Your perfume … (smell) nice. What is it?What is Jane doing? – She … (smell) flowers in the garden. What … (you/ look) at? – Some photos I took during my holidays. I …(think) we are being followed. – Don’t be silly! It’s just your imagination. Is anything wrong? – No. I … (think) about a party tonight. Would you like some cherries? – Yes, please. I … (like) cherries. Excuse me, but I … (not/ understand) what you mean.

Present perfect. Present perfect continuous. Present Perfect. Present perfect is used to describe an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. For actions which have recently finished and whose result is visible in present. For actions that happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time is not important, so it is not mentioned. The emphasis is placed on the actions. With the following time expressions: today, this morning/ afternoon/ week/ month/year, etc., how long, for, since, lately/ recently, yet, just, already, ever, never, so far. Present Perfect Continuous. Present Perfect Continuous is used to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present, especially with time expressions such as for, since, all morning/ day/ week, etc. For actions which started and finished in the past and lasted for some time. The result of the actions is visible in the present. With the following time expressions: today, this morning/ afternoon/ week/ month/year, etc., how long, for, since, lately/ recently, yet, just, already, ever, never, so far.

How to Form. Present Perfect Simple+ I/We/You/They have V3/Ved+ He/She/It has V3/Ved- I/We/You/They have not (haven’t) V3/Ved- He/She/It has not (hasn’t) V3/Ved? Have I/we/you/they V3/Ved…?? Has he/she/it V3/Ved…?Present Perfect Continuous+ I/We/You/They have been Ving+ He/She/It has been Ving- I/We/You/They have not been Ving- He/She/It has not been Ving? Have I/we/you/they been Ving…?? Has he/she/it been Ving…?

Fill in SINCE or FORI have lived in this village … I was born. It has been raining … hours. I wish it would stop. My friend has been the manager of this firm … 10 years. … I moved to York, I have been much happier. Have you been waiting … a long time?I have been waiting for you … four o’clock. She hasn’t bought a new coat … three years. Karen has been on the phone … ages!I have known Bill … 2012. Jane has been my best friend … many years.

Make sentences as in the example. The water is cold. Haven’t you turned on the water heater? – No, I haven’t turned it on. The fridge is empty. (do / the shopping)There is no electricity. (pay/ the bill)It is raining. (bring / your umbrella)The cat is hungry. (feed/ it)The bedroom is a mess. (tidy/ it)The landlord is on the phone. (pay/ the rent)I can’t see anything. It is dark. (bring/ your torch)

Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. 1. Dave _____________ (live) in Glasgow and ________________ (work) for an advertising company. He _______________ (have) a good job and ______________ (earn) a lot of money. He ________________ (meet) many people every day and _______________ (lead) a busy life. The company ________________ (expand) rapidly and today he ___________ (see) a new client.2. John and Anna ________________ (fly) to Paris on Monday for a holiday. Their flight _______________ (take off) at 7.10 in the morning and ___________ (arrive) in Paris at 8.10. Anna’s cousin _____________ (own) a house there, so they ___________ (stay) with him.3. My neighbour _______________ (bang) on the walls of his flat when he ___________ (do) repairs. This week he ________________ (install) a new bath, and the noise _____________ (drive) me crazy. He ___________________ (not/seem) to care about the way he ________________ (bother) other people.4. Tom is an athlete. Every morning he ____________ (swim) ten laps in the pool and _____________ (lift) weights for an hour. This year he _____________ (train) harder because he ______________ (want) to compete in the next Olympic Games. 

Put each verb in brackets into either the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.1. Susan _________________ (not/return) from her skiing holiday yet.2. We ___________________ (just/move) in.3. I _____________________ (not/see) Thomas since 1995.4. Sue ___________________ (clean) for the past three hours.5. Cindy _________________ (never/be) to the United States.6. She ___________________ (revise) for the exams since Monday.7. How long ______________ (you/work) here?8. He ____________________ (make) ten phone calls since this morning.9. _______________________ (you/ever/lie) to your best friend?10. He ___________________ (lie) on the couch since he got home from work.

Using the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in brackets, complete the sentences1. Ralph is getting frustrated because the meal he ordered hasn’t been served yet. (wait) He has been waiting for his meal.2. The estate agent is taking down the “For Sale” sign in front of the house. (sell) He _______________________ the house.3. Jerry is travelling to London on Tuesday. (book) He ___________________ a plane ticket.4. Samantha is reading a letter from Maureen. (receive) She ___________________ from her.5. John started fixing the washing machine this morning. (repair) He ___________________ it since 9 a.m.6. Rachel is getting out of bed. (just/wake up) She _____________________.7. Lisa started working for us in 1992. (work) She _______________________ for us since 1992.8. Elaine is still waiting for the bus. (come/yet) It _________________________.

Put the verb into the more suitable form, the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.1. Where have you been? Have you been playing (you/play) tennis? 2. Look! _______________________________ (somebody/break) that window.3. You look tired. _________________________ (you/work) hard?4. “_____________________________ (you/ever/work) in a factory?” “No, never.”5. “Liz is away on holiday.” “Is she? Where _____________________ (she/go)?” 6. My brother is an actor. _____________________________ (he/appear) in several films.7. “Sorry I’m late.” “That’s all right. _________________________ (I/not/wait) long.”8. “Is it still raining?” “No, _______________________ (it/stop).”9. ________________ (I/lose) my address book. _________________________ (you/see) it?10. _________________ (I/read) the book you lent me, but __________________ (I/not/finish) it yet. It’s very interesting.

Correct the mistakes.1. They have been to the shops. They’ll be home soon.2. Joe plays in the garden at the moment.3. I am going to work by car every day.4. The builders finish the block of flats already.5. He has been breaking his arm.6. Sam have just finished reading a very interesting book.7. Water is boiling at 100 degrees Celsius.8. John is living here since 1986.9. I study this subject for five years.10. Who has use my scissors? 

Underline the correct tense1. Liz and I are good friends. We know/have known each other for four years.2. Sarah is very tired. She has been working/is working hard all day.3. “Where is John?” “He’s upstairs. He does/is doing his homework.”4. I can’t go to the party on Saturday. I am leaving/have been leaving for Spain on Friday night.5. Jane has finished/is finishing cleaning her room, and now she is going out with her friends.6. I didn’t recognize Tom. He looks/is looking so different in a suit.7. I don’t need to wash my car. Jim washes/has washed it for me already.8. Ian has been talking/is talking to his boss for an hour now.9. Claire’s train arrives/has arrived at 3 o’clock. I must go and meet her at the station.10. “Would you like to borrow this book?” – “No, thanks. I have read/have been reading it before.”