К.І. Айвазовський по темі "Мистецтво" 10 клас

Нюнюк Наталия Сергеевна учитель английского языка Гусинская средняя школа Купянского района 10 класс

«The Sea is my life. Live I three hundred of years – always would find in the sea something new» (I.K. Aivazovsky).

The Marine-romantic artist, the master of Russian classical landscape transferring on a cloth beauty and power of sea elements. The author of battle pictures on themes of history of Russian military fleet. Veins also worked mainly in Feodosiya. Has created about 6 thousand products.

AND MANY MANY OTHERS

Biography Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born on 17 July 1817 (29 July New Style) in the ancient Crimean town of Feodosia, where his father, an Armenian by nationality, had settled at the very beginning of the century. His father was a relatively well-educated man who knew several oriental languages, and who, though a trader of small means, played a significant part in the commercial life of the town. Unfortunately the plague epidemic which hit Feodosia in 1812 wrecked his business, and when the future artist was born, the family had indeed fallen on hard times. There is some evidence to suggest that poverty obliged the young Aivazovsky to work in the cosmopolitan coffee-shops of Feodosia, alive with the chatter of many different tongues: Italian, Greek, Turkish, Armenian.

He also had a keen musical ear and soon learned to play folk melodies on the violin. Later Aivazovsky recalled some of these melodies for his composer friend Mikhail Glinka, who used them in his compositions. It was drawing, however, which most seized the young boy's imagination: lacking other materials he drew in charcoal on the whitewashed walls of Feodosia. These drawings attracted the attention of A. Kaznacheyev, the town-governor, who helped Aivazovsky to enter the high school at Simferopol and in 1833, the St Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he took the landscape painting course and was especially interested in marine landscapes.

In the autumn of 1836 Aivazovsky presented 5 marine pictures to the Academic exhibition, which were highly appreciated. In 1837, Aivazovsky received the Major Gold Medal for Calm in the Gulf of Finland (1836) and The Great Roads at Kronstadt (1836), which allowed him to go on a long study trip abroad. However the artist first went to the Crimea to perfect himself in his chosen genre by painting the sea and views of Crimean coastal towns. During the period of 1840-1844 Aivazovsky, as a pensioner of the Academy of Arts, spent time in Italy, traveled to Germany, France, Spain, and Holland. He worked much and had many exhibitions, meeting everywhere with success. He painted a lot of marine landscapes, which became very popular in Italy: The Bay of Naples by Moonlight (1842), Seashore. Calm. (1843), Kind on the Venetian lagoon (1841), Bay of Naples (1841).

Bay of Naples (1841). The Bay of Naples by Moonlight (1842) Seashore. Calm. (1843),

Towards the 1850s the romantic features in Aivazovsky’s work became increasingly pronounced. This can be seen quite clearly in one of his best and most famous paintings The Ninth Wave (1850) and also in Moonlit Night (1849), The Sea. Koktebel. (1853), Storm (1851), Shipwreck (1854) and others. The process, which determined the development of Russian art in the second half of the 19th century, also affected Aivazovsky. A new and consistently realistic tendency appeared in his work, although the romantic features still remained. The artist's greatest achievement of this period is The Black Sea (1881), a picture showing the nature of the sea, eternally alive, always in motion. Other important pictures of the late years are Rainbow (1873), Shipwreck at rocks (1870s), Shipwreck (1876), The Billow (1889), The Mary Caught in a Storm (1892).

The Ninth Wave (1850) The Bay of Odessa by Moonlight (1846) Shipwreck (1854) Moonlit Night (1849),

Aivazovsky also spent some time working in the Caucasus, sailing to the shores of Asia, visiting Egypt during the opening of the Suez Canal and near the end of his life, in 1892, Aivazovsky even traveled to America, where he visited Washington, DC, and Niagara Falls. He produced paintings as a result of all his travels, including a famous painting of Niagara Falls that hangs in his Feodosia gallery.

Aivazovsky maintained his capacity for work, his energy and lively creative intelligence until the very end of his life. All in all he painted more than 6,000 pictures and a multitude of skillfully executed drawings. Many of his works have taken their places among the greatest achievements of visual art. Kramskoy referred to Aivazovsky as "a star of the first magnitude" and thus correctly established the painter's place in the pantheon of Russian art.

He was a member of Academies of Stuttgart, Florence, Rome and Amsterdam.

Aivazovsky died on 19 April (2 May New Style) 1900, on the verge of the twentieth century. On easel there was a canvas with the unfinished picture "Explosion of the ship" he had begun that same day. On his tombstone is written: "He was born mortal - has left on itself immortal memory".