LONDON A CITY WRITTEN BY TIME.

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Даний матеріал являє собою різновид культурно-історичного гіда, який може бути використано на уроках англійської мови з розвитку світоглядної компетенції країнознавчого характеру. Матеріали можна використовувати як у послідовному розгляді з учнями, так і вибірково за критерієм актуальності (на розсуд учителя). Для роботи з текстовою частиною здобувачам освіти достатньо мати рівень знання мови B1 Intermediate.

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London:

This resource can be used in

English lessons to develop students’ sociocultural awareness and global understanding

“If you are lucky enough to find yourself in London some day, you will

have a lot to see and enjoy there…”

1 - Victoria Tower

2 - The House of Lords

3 - Westminster Abbey

4 - The Clock Tower of Big Ben

5 - Portcullis House

6 - Westminster Bridge crossing the River Thames

St. James's Palace

St. James's Palace is one of London's oldest palaces. It is situated in Pall Mall, just north of St. James's Park. Although no sovereign has resided there for almost two centuries, it has remained the official residence of the Sovereign and the most senior royal palace in the UK. The palace was commissioned by Henry VIII, on the site of a former leper hospital dedicated to Saint James the Less (from whom the Palace and its nearby Park take their names); the hospital was disbanded in 1532. The new palace, secondary in interest to Henry's Whitehall Palace, was constructed in the red-brick Tudor style. It became the principal residence of the monarch in London in 1698, during the reign of William III and Mary II when Whitehall Palace was destroyed by fire. Two of Henry VIII's children died there: Henry Fitzroy and Mary I (Mary's heart and bowels were buried in the palace's Chapel Royal). Elizabeth has spent the night there while waiting for the Spanish Armada to sail up the channel. Charles I slept rather less soundly -- as it was his final bed before his execution. Oliver Cromwell then took it over, and turned it into a barracks during the English Commonwealth period.

Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey is one of the oldest buildings in London and one of the most important religious centers in the country. Many kings and queens and famous people are buried there. Its founder Edward the Confessor built it on the site of an old church called Saint Peter’s. The Abbey was blessed at Christmas in 1065 and Edward died a week later.

Edward the Confessor was made a saint after his death and he is buried in a special chapel dedicated to him. Nine kings and queens are buried in Saint Peter’s Chapel.

The Abbey has been scene of every royal coronation since William the Conqueror in 1066. Monarchs (41) are crowned while sitting on the

Coronation throne kept in the Chapel. Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in1953 by the Archbishop of Canterbury.

The interior of the Abbey is one of the finest achievements of English architecture. Built of Reigate stone with pierce of green, grey, and purple marble, it has the tallest Gothic nave in the country. There are over 1000 monuments. The memorials provide a history of English

Westminster Abbey

monumental sculpture.

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Trafalgar Square

Much of West End is lied out around squares. The best known square is Trafalgar Square. The huge Nelson Column towers 56 meters above the square. It consists of a tall granite column topped by a giant stone statue of the British naval hero Horatio Nelson (1758 - 1805).

Before Trafalgar Square was lied out in Victorian times it was the site of the old Royal stables. Hunting falcons were once kept there. The Square was designed by John Nash and constructed in the 1830s.The square was named to commemorate Admiral Lord Nelson’s naval victory over the French at a Trafalgar in 1805. Today it is a place where people meet.

The Square’s most famous landmark is Nelson Column. There are four bronze lions around it, modeled by the artist Sir Edwin Landseer (1802 - 1873). They were cast from the cannon of battleships. The column is a copy of one from a temple in Rome. It is 51m high. Nelson’s statue is over 5m high. The statue shows Nelson without one arm and one eye. He lost them in battle.

Brass relief around the bottom shows battle scenes cast from captured French cannons.

Every October 21st there is a service under the column to commemorate Nelson.

Famous Piccadilly…

Piccadilly Circus is a famous road junction and public space of London's West End in the

City of Westminster, built in 1819 to connect Regent Street with the major shopping street of Piccadilly. In this context, a circus, from the Latin word meaning "circle", is a circular open space at a street junction.

Piccadilly now links directly to the theatres on Shaftesbury Avenue, as well as the

Haymarket, Coventry Street (onwards to Leicester Square), and Glasshouse Street. The Circus is close to major shopping and entertainment areas in the heart of the West End. Its status as a major traffic intersection has made Piccadilly Circus a busy meeting place and a tourist attraction.

The Circus is particularly known for its video display and neon signs mounted on the corner building on the northern side, as well as the Shaftesbury memorial fountain and statue of an archer popularly known as Eros (sometimes called The Angel of Christian Charity). It is surrounded by several noted buildings, including the London Pavilion and Criterion Theatre.

Directly underneath the plaza is Piccadilly Circus London Underground station.

The Museum of London documents the history of London from the Prehistoric to the present day. The museum is located close to the Barbican Centre, as part of the striking Barbican complex of buildings created in the 1960s and 70s. It is a few minutes walk north of St Paul's Cathedral, overlooking the remains of the Roman city wall and on the edge of the oldest part of London, known as the City, now the financial district. It is primarily concerned with the social history of London and its inhabitants throughout history. The museum is a non-departmental public body.

The museum was opened in 1976 as part of the Barbican Estate, using collections previously held by the Corporation at the Guildhall and also items from other collections, including the London Museum, which was located in Kensington Palace. The architects were Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya, who adopted an innovative approach to museum design, whereby the galleries were laid out so that there was only one route through the museum - from the prehistoric period to the modern galleries.

Museum of London interior Lord Mayors Coach

Famous 221B Baker Street

221B Baker Street was the London residence of the famous literary detective Sherlock Holmes, created by author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The number followed by a letter is a separate number in law and indicated an apartment on the first floor of a residential lodging house that was likely to have formed part of a Georgian terrace.

The site of the house — had it ever existed — has been much disputed by scholars, although the address did not exist at the time when the stories were first published in 1887. The street number 221B was assigned to the Sherlock Holmes Museum on 27 March 1990, when the Leader of Westminster City Council, Lady Shirley Porter, unveiled a blue plaque signifying the address of "221b Baker Street". She was invited to renumber the museum's building to coincide with its official opening, and because the number 221b had not been included in the original planning consent for the museum granted in October 1989. The number had also never been assigned to any premises in Baker Street prior to the museum's opening.

The Sherlock Holmes Museum is open every day (except Christmas Day) 9.30 a.m – 6 p.m.

Admission: Adult £6 Child (Under 16) £4.

London Underground

The London Underground is a rapid transit system serving a large part of Greater London and neighboring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire in the UK. With its first section opening in 1863, it was the first underground railway system in the world. In 1890 it became the first to operate electric trains. Despite the name, about 55% of the network is above ground. It is usually referred to officially as 'the Underground' and colloquially as the Tube, although the latter term originally applied only to the deep-level bored lines, along which run slightly lower, narrower trains along standard-gauge track, to distinguish them from the sub-surface "cut and cover" lines that were built first. More recently this distinction has been lost and the whole system is now referred to as 'the Tube', even in recent years by its operator in official publicity.

The system serves 270 stations and was formed from several private companies, including the world's first underground electric line, the City and South London Railway. Over three million journeys a day are made on the Underground network, over 1 billion journeys each year.