Матеріали до уроків "Винаходи і винахідники"

ROCKET AND SPACE ENGINEERING IN UKRAINE HAS A LONG HISTORY AND IS LINKED WITH MANY FAMOUS NAMES OF INVENTORS.

 Oleksandr Zasyadko /1779-1838/ was from the glorious Cossack family. He was born in 1779 in the village of Lyutenka in Poltava Region. Stories of his grandfather, a Cossack gunner, about special pipes stuffed with gunpowder which could fly and blow up the target impressed the boy. He set himself as an object to create his own rocket. In the army he rose to the rank of General. In 1815 he took an interest in designing combat rockets. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29 Zasyadko' rockets were used in action. They were produced in thousands. In 1834 he settled in Kharkiv. He died in 1838 having caught cold at Dnieper rapids where he wanted to arrange passage of ships with the use of special devices.

 Kostyantyn Kostyantynov /1817 or 1818 / from Chernigiv Region continued the work of O. Zasyadko. In 1944 he invented a ballistic device and created a rocket ballistic pendulum. He determined the influence of the rocket forms on its ballistic properties. He constructed a rocket plant in Mykolayiv. K.Kostyantynov created combat rockets which could fly up 5 km. He also authored several books about combat rockets.

 Mykola Kybalchych /1853-1881/ was born in the village of Korop in Chernigiv Region. He died at 28, but he managed to do a great deal. While waiting for capital punishment after an attempt upon Olexander II life he prepared in a prison cell an original design of an aircraft with rocket engine.

  Yuri Kondratyuk /1897-1941 or 1942/ was born in Poltava region. He made calculations for the first manned flight to the moon. Americans used this calculations in 1969 when they sent their astronauts to this planet. His life was dramatic. His real name was Olexander Shargei. He had to change his name to avoid repressions. His book "Conquest of Interplanetary Space" published in 1929 in 2.000 copies has been impressing scientists for more than 70 years. Yuri Kondratyuk died near Moscow on October 1941 or in 1942. On the other side of the Moon a crater was given his name. It was ptobably for the first time in history that a man of genius didn't care of his own name.             

 Mykhailo Yangel /1911-1971/ was born in the village of Zyryanovo, Irkutsk region in the family of the resettlers from Chernihiv region. In 1937 he graduated from the Moscow Aviation College. In a year, Mykhailo Yangel, a young engineer, was sent to America to familiarize himself with the American aircraft engineering. Until 1944 he worked with the design office of Polikarpov. In 1952 he graduated from the Academy of Aircraft Industry. In 1954 he was appointed head of the design office in Dnipropetrovsk. Working with the "Pivdenmash" Works M. Yangel created a new direction and his own school in developing rocket and space equipment. He contributed greatly into the study of the upper atmosphere and space, and the development of combat missiles. Ukraine remembers her son. His name was given to a street in Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and to the Kharkiv College of Radio Electronics.

 Volodymyr Cheelomei /1914-1984/ was born in the Town of Sidlets in the Ukrainian Pidliashya /now in Poland/ to a family of teachers. He spent his childhood and youth in the city of Poltava. In 1926 his parents moved to Kyiv. In 1937, V. Chelomei graduated from the Aviation College. In 1939 he defended his thesis at the Kyiv Polytechnic College. In 1942 he created a pulsing jet engine. In 1959 he became a general designer. Academician Chelomei headed the creation of the carrier rockets and satellites "Proton", "Polit" as well as the orbital station "Saluyt -3" and "Salute-5". Since 1974 Volodymyr Chelomei was a member of the International Academy of Astronautics.             

UKRAINIAN SCIENTISTS HAVE DONE A GREAT DEAL FOR SPACE RESEARCH AND UKRAINE WILL SHOW ITSELF AS A POWERFUL SPACE COUNTRY.