КОМА З СПОЛУЧНИКАМИ AND / OR/ NOR/ BUT (COMA)
КОМА З ОДНОРІДНИМИ ЧЛЕНАМИ
КОМА В ПРОСТИХ РЕЧЕННЯХ
КОМА В СКЛАДНОПІДРЯДНИХ РЕЧЕННЯХ
КРАПКА (FULL STOP)
ІНШІ РОЗДІЛОВІ ЗНАКИ
ПРАВИЛА ПУНКТУЦІЇ ПЕВНИХ ЧАСТИН РЕЧЕННЯ
ЗАГАЛЬНІ ПРАВИЛА ПЕРЕНЕСЕННЯ СЛІВ
ВЕЛИКІ ЛІТЕРИ (CAPITALS)
Холод Оксана Володимирівна
вчитель англійської мови, спеціаліст вищої категорії, вчитель-методист
магістр філології, магістр управління навчальними закладами
Гімназія № 93, м. Запоріжжя
Oksana Kholod
Master Degrees in Philology and Management of Educational Establishments
Teacher-methodologist, Gymnasium №93, Zaporizhzhіa
ПРАВИЛА ПУНКТУАЦІЇ В АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ
КОМА З СПОЛУЧНИКАМИ AND / OR/ NOR/ BUT (COMA)
AND |
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I like English food and cinema. I like English food, and cinema (кіно взагалі, а не тільки англійське) I spent that evening watching TV, drinking beer, and talking about the meaning of life. |
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They came early in the evening and I came later. Pele took the ball and scored the goal. Pele took the ball, and then he scored the goal. Pele took the ball, and then we all saw it. |
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Ricky bought a jacket and trousers, and a gin and tonic. |
OR / NOR |
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Tea or coffee with milk in it (молоко буде в обох напоях) / Tea, or coffee with milk in it (молоко буде тільки в кофе) |
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He has no property, nor have his relatives. |
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We could not decide whether to go the National Gallery or to the White House, or stay at the hotel. |
BUT |
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The restaurant was bad, but cheap. John, confused but still eager to know, came in. |
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The road was slippery but satisfactory, but no car would follow me. |
AND/ OR/ NOR/ BUT |
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The room is nice but cosy, and very nice to look at. Find me some jeans and T-shirt, or some suit. You can take ham or cheese, and coffee. You can take ham, or cheese and coffee. |
КОМА З ОДНОРІДНИМИ ЧЛЕНАМИ
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My car is old, slow, rusty(,) and generally very bad. |
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They were everywhere: in the train, on the embankment, in the woods. |
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She stayed at a large, old hotel = She stayed at an old, large hotel. Aлe! She stayed at a large brick hotel. |
КОМА В ПРОСТИХ РЕЧЕННЯХ
ВСТУПНІ СЛОВА ТА СЛОВОСПОЛУЧЕННЯ |
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Finally, we found the hotel (emphasis) On the other hand, we decided to give up (contrast) Worst of all, we had to give up (dramatic effect) Aлe! In the end we decided to give up. |
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Further, research was impossible under the circumstances. Але! Further research was impossible under the circumstances. |
ОБСТАВИННІ СЛОВА Й СЛОВОСПОЛУЧЕННЯ |
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Hastily, I packed my things (emphasis) Але! I packed my things hastily. |
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At forty-two, he was a deceptive-looking man. In search of gold, my great-grandfather landed in America. |
ДІЄПРИКМЕТНИКИ ТА ДІЄПРИКМЕТНИКОВІ ЗВОРОТИ |
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Before leaving, he finished the translation. She sat down, thinking about what had happened. |
ДОДАТКОВІ СЛОВОСПОЛУЧЕННЯ Й РЕЧЕННЯ |
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Backham, a famous musician, is coming to the party. Backham, I can assure you, is coming to the party. |
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Fishing forms a quiet man; hunting, an eager man; gambling, a greedy man. |
ЗВЕРТАННЯ |
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Tom, where is my pen? Dear Friend, We have just received your letter… ! Але Dear Sir: In answer to your letter...(USA) |
TOO / EITHER |
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Не has been to London, too. – Він також (як хтось ще) був у Лондоні. Не has been to London too. – В Лондоні (як будь-де) він також був. |
ЧАСТКИ Й ЧАСТИНИ РОЗДІЛОВИХ ПИТАНЬ |
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Yes, we’ll bring them right now. Well, we’ll bring them right now. That’s a good idea, isn’t it? |
ЧИСЛА Й ДАТИ |
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2, 597 123,589 2,349,905 2 597 123 589 2 349 905 |
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25 th June, 2000 або 25 th June 2000 She arrived home on Friday, 25 th June 2000. |
АДРЕСИ Й ЛИСТИ |
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Yours faithfully, Tom Brown |
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T. Brown, 20 High Street, London, E. C., England. |
КОМА В СКЛАДНОПІДРЯДНИХ РЕЧЕННЯХ
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If you’re ever in London, come and look me up. ! Але Come and look me up if you’re ever in London. |
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We had to leave without him, for he had not come. As he had not come, we had to leave without him. |
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She is the woman, whose husband has been dead for three years. They would like to stay in this town, where their son was born.
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A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. I don't want to go back to the town where I was born. |
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He said, "I’ll come soon." "How was he?" dark asked. |
КРАПКА (FULL STOP)
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The lesson is over. Clean your room, please. |
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i.e. i. g. (лат. id est) = that is = тобто e.g e. g. (лат. exempli gratia) = for example = наприклад |
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Dr. Watson, B.B.C. |
!!! В Британській англійській крапка після скорочень менш розповсюджена, ніж в Американській англійській: kilogram = kg (брит.) = kg. (амер.) USA (брит.) = U.S.A. (амер.) |
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67.98 metres (67 metres 98 centimetres)
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КРАПКА З КОМОЮ (COLON) |
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The house badly needs painting; the garden is overgrown with weeds. |
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The signal was given; the steamer moved slowly from the dock. |
ДВОКРАПКА (SEMI-COLON) |
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The Government declared: "This decision will be taken on the 1st of October." |
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He had one final aim before him: to help his friend. |
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The agreement provides for the delivery of the following raw materials: cotton, wool, jute, and others. |
ТРИ КРАПКИ (A SERIES OF FULL STOPS) |
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Among other things the report said, “…all shops … should stay open …until 6 o’clock…”. “And If I don’t do what you want me to …” John paused. “Please try to …” Susan’s voice faded to a whisper. |
ПИТАЛЬНИЙ ЗНАК (QUESTION MARK) |
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Where is my book? |
!!! Після непрямого питання, що виступає підрядним реченням, ставиться крапка, а не питальний знак: She asked where her book was. Але коли головне речення є питальним, то воно закінчується питальним знаком: Do you know when he will come? |
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ЗНАК ОКЛИКУ (EXCLAMATORY MARK) |
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Hello! Glad to see you! |
ІНШІ РОЗДІЛОВІ ЗНАКИ
ЛАПКИ (QUOTES) |
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He said, "She will come in the evening." |
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Have you read “The Times” today? The “Hilton” I the best hotel here. The Titanic sails tomorrow. Houses of Parliament are attractive buildings. |
ТИРЕ (DASHES) |
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Jackie Chang – New Yorker, freelance writer and critic – is a visiting lecturer this term at Bay City College. |
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“Then – then I took a – it was horrible. I can’t tell you how it – how it was – it was – you see, still alive!” |
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We bought some new clothe – shirts, trousers, sweaters, shoes. |
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I enjoyed Jackie Chang’s article – not that I think she is right! Judge Thompson was sitting in his chair – safe and sound. |
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If you take my advice –– Якщо ви послухаєтесь моєї поради … |
ДУЖКИ (BRACKETS) |
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Bands often send me CDs of their own recordings (which I always listen to, before you ask).
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This copy of Oliver Twist cost 55p (You can get a paperback at 40p, but the quality is not very good.) Have you seen any books in cheap editions? |
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The lowest price for the cassettes ($0,95) I at Value City. Nota bene (Pay Attention) is a publishing house. |
ДЕФІС (HYPHEN) |
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the 1939-45 war, the New York-London sea route |
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reading-room, dark-blue, snow-white
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The-man-I-saw-yesterday’s son |
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“C-c-can you take me t-t-to the s-s-station?” she stuttered. |
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glow-worm, pre-eminent, re-entry re-bound and rebound, re-form and reform non-smoking, non-alcoholic co-chairman, co-education ant-like, sheep-like self-respect |
АПОСТРОФ (APOSTROPHES) |
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don’t = do not, I’m = I am ’em (them), ’cause (because), doin’ (doing) winter of ’95 – 1995 |
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the student’s dictionary - словники студента/ the students’ dictionaries- словники студентов men's gloves |
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In the 1980's / the 1980s... VIP's / VIPs I can't distinguish his L's. – Я не розрізняю, коли він промовляє літеру «л». |
ПРАВИЛА ПУНКТУЦІЇ ПЕВНИХ ЧАСТИН РЕЧЕННЯ
ЦИТАТИ (QUOTES) |
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As my brother said, “Jane was fond of dancing.” As my brother said: “Jane was fond of dancing and she excelled in it.” |
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I do not wish to seem immodest but I must quote George Henry Lewes who said that I was “the greatest artist that has ever written” and many people agree with him. |
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My brother was a great help but, as the famous author James Tobin wrote: “It is impossible to imagine Orville, bright as he was, supplying the driving force that started their work and kept it going ... Will did that. He was the leader, from the beginning to the end.” |
ПРЯМА МОВА (DIRECT SPEECH) |
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“No one, I saw no one,” the voice protested.
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“You can help me finish searching the barn,” he went on, “and the henhouse.” “Idiot!” came a scornful voice. “Don’t you know the difference between a footprint and a hoof print?” |
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Then he asked, “Where’s Ted?” |
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The Government declared: "This decision will be taken on the 1st of October." He spoke to her in these words: “When are you free to have some tea with me?” Visitor (insistently): When are you free to have some tea with me? |
ЗАГАЛЬНІ ПРАВИЛА ПЕРЕНЕСЕННЯ СЛІВ
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rol-ler, prog-ress |
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be-fore, cate-gory |
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un-known, cold-ness |
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rain-bow, some-thing |
ВЕЛИКІ ЛІТЕРИ (CAPITALS)
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Yesterday my brother went to school for the first time. |
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While I was reading, he was cleaning his room. |
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John, Europeans, the Panama Canal, German, the National Bank, Global Furniture, the International Monetary Fund, the Liberal Party, Easter, Prohibition |
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July, Friday, Chemistry, the West |
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Grandma is rather old, and so is Grandpa. Tomorrow Aunt Jane is coming. Але! We gave our aunt a present. |
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Queen Mary, Nurse Nightingale Well, Doctor, what are the test results? The President was speaking. ! Але Linda is going to be a president. |
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As You Like It, The Times, On the Golden Point, the Daily Express |
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British, Indian, Roman ! Але roman numbers, diesel engine |
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God, Christianity, the Bible Venus is the goodness of love. |
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Look what I best, that best I wish in thee: This wish I have; then ten times happy me! |