Презентація на тему "Функції модальних дієслів"

Modals (Functions)

Функція обов’язку\необхідностіmust (I must sign the contract. \ You must sigh the contract);have to (I have to work late tonight)

Функція відсутності необхідностіdon’t\doesn’t need to\don’t\doesn’t have to\needn’t (He doesn’t need to get a taxi as I’ll give him a lift);didn’t need to (He didn’t need to get a taxi because I gave him a lift);needn’t have + Ved(III) (He needn’t have got a taxi)

Порадиshould\ought to (You should revise for your test);must (You must revise for your test)

Пропозиції (загальні для всіх)can\could (We could go for a walk);shall we (Shall we go out for a meal later?)Let’s\Why don’t we\How about\What about…?

здатності\здібності\можливостіcan (I can ride a bike)could (I could speak when I was 2)be able to\managed to (I was able to finish that task even though it was very difficult)

Відсутність здібностей\здатностей\можливостейcan’t (I can’t swim);couldn’t (I couldn’t ride a bike when I was four)couldn’t (I could reach the top shelf despite my height)

Запитування дозволуcan (Can I borrow your pen?);could (Could I open the window, please?);may\might (May I ask you some questions?)

Надання дозволусan (You can take any pen you like);may (You may leave your luggage here)

Відсутність дозволу \ заборонаcan’t\mustn’t (You can’t park your cars here);may not (You may not park here)

Прохання. Can\Will you (Will you help me with this exercise?);Could\Would (Could you help me, please?);May (May I have one of those letters?);Might (Might I have one of those letters?)

Запитання порад або інструкцій. Shall I (When shall I contact you?)

Припущенняcould\may\might (She may finish her work by six o’clock);could\might have + Ved(III) (She could have been late)

Пропозиції (коли пропонуємо свою послугу\допомогу)Shall\Can\Could (Could I help you cross the road?)

Логічні висновки\припущенняmust (He must be at home);must have + Ved(III) (He must have gone on holiday);can’t (He can’t be at home);can’t have + Ved(III) (He can’t have gone on holiday)

Критика\незадоволенняought to\should have + Ved(III) (He should have told her the truth)