ЗАКЛАД ФАХОВОЇ ПЕРЕДВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
«ПЕРШИЙ КИЇВСЬКИЙ ФАХОВИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ КОЛЕДЖ»
МЕТОДИЧНА РОЗРОБКА ПРАКТИЧНОГО ЗАНЯТТЯ З ПРЕДМЕТУ «ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ»
на тему:
«ІСТОРІЯ РОЗВИТКУ МЕДИЦИНИ В ЄВРОПІ ТА УКРАЇНІ»
для студентів ІІІ курсу
складена викладачем
циклової комісії іноземних мов
Лисицею А.В.
Розглянуто на засіданні
предметно-циклової комісії
іноземних мов
Протокол № ___ від ______________
Голова предметно-циклової комісії
_________________ Морозова О.І.
Тема: «Історія розвитку медицини в Європі та Україні»
Актуальність теми
Важливість теми полягає в тому, щоб ознайомити з інформацією про історію розвитку медицини в Україні та Європі та надати студентам практичні навички для ведення дискусії з теми заняття.
Мета:
навчальна: повторити правила вживання кількісних та порядкових числівників в англійській мові; ознайомити з новою лексикою та активізувати її вживання в мові, розширити знання про історію розвитку медицини в Україні та Європі; формувати навички монологічного та діалогічного мовлення за допомогою сталих виразів і мовних моделей, збагачувати словниковий запас; практикувати у читанні текстів з метою отримання загального уявлення та максимально повного й точного розуміння всієї інформації, що міститься в текстах; вдосконалювати навички читання й усного мовлення;
розвиваюча: розвивати культуру спілкування й мовленнєву реакцію студентів; вміння запитувати і надавати інформацію; вміння здобувати інформацію з текстів, висловлювати власні думки і припущення; розвивати фонематичний слух, увагу, пам'ять, кмітливість та мовну здогадку;
виховна: виховувати самостійність, чіткість висловлення думки.
Тип заняття: комбіноване
Місце проведення заняття: аудиторія № 5
Тривалість - 80 хвилин
Обладнання заняття
Література:
Організаційна структура та зміст заняття
№ |
Основні етапи заняття, їх Зміст та функції |
Методи контролю та навчання |
Час (хв.) |
Матеріальне та методичне забезпечення |
I. Підготовчий етап заняття
1 |
Організація заняття |
Перевірка присутності студентів та готовності до заняття |
1-2 |
Журнал групи |
2 |
Постановка навчальної теми та мотивації |
Повідомлення теми заняття |
2 |
Науково-методичне обґрунтування теми (додаток №1) |
3 |
Актуалізація опорних знань |
Фронтальне опитування
|
8 |
Лексика, що відповідає сфері спілкування |
II. Основний етап
1
2
3
4
|
Введення нових ЛО
Читання
Розвиток монологічного та діалогічного мовлення
Розвиток навичок письма
|
1. Запис нової лексики в словник 2.Читання текстів з перекладом і виділенням головного змісту 3. Виконання завдань на розуміння змісту текстів та їх обговорення 4. Перегляд відеоматеріалів
5. Короткі повідомлення про історію розвитку медицини 6. Виконання лексичних та граматичних вправ |
60 |
Список нової лексики, картки Тексти (додатки №2, 4)
Запитання до текстів, вправи (додатки №3, 5)
com/watch?v=iGiZ XQVGpbY Самостійна пошукова робота студентів
Вправи на картках (додаток №6); За посиланням https://www.live worksheets.com/ qs465666vr
|
III. Заключний етап
1 |
Закріплення нового матеріалу |
Усне індивідуальне опитування, фронтальне опитування |
5 |
Питання та завдання |
2 3 |
Підведення підсумків Домашнє завдання |
Оцінювання Приготувати презентацію про історію розвитку медицини в Європі або про одного із вчених-медиків |
2 2 |
|
Додаток № 1
Науково-методичне обгрунтування теми
Основною метою заняття є удосконалення вмінь та навичок переглядового, ознайомлюючого і навчального матеріалу. Особливого значення слід надавати оволодінню прийомами продуктивного осмислювання текстів та їх аналізу, збагаченню лексики, вивченню продуктивного і рецептивного граматичного матеріалу, закріпленню навичок адекватного сприйняття текстів різної тематики, що роблять можливим практичне використання набутих теоретичних знань.
Додаток № 2
The History of medicine
Medicine is among the most ancient of human occupations. It began as an art and gradually developed into a science over the centuries. There are 3 main stages in medicine development: Medicine of Ancient Civilizations, Medicine of Middle Ages and Modern Medicine. Early man, like the animals, was subject to illness and death. At that time medical actions were mostly a part of ceremonial rituals. The medicine-man practiced magic to help people who were ill or had a wound. New civilizations, which developed from early tribes, began to study the human body, its anatomic composition. Magic still played an important part in treating but new practical methods were also developing. The early Indians, e. g., set fractures and practiced aromatherapy. The Chinese were pioneers of immunization and acupuncture. The contribution of the Greeks in medicine was enormous. An early leader in Greek medicine was Aesculapius. His daughters, Hygeia and Panacea gave rise to dynasties of healers (curative medicine) and hygienists (preventive medicine). The division in curative and preventive medicine is true today. The ethic principles of a physician were summarized by another Greek, Hippocrates. They are known as Hippocrates Oath. The next stage of Medicine's development was the Middle Ages. A very important achievement of that time was the hospital. The first ones appeared in the 15-th century in Oriental countries and later in Europe. Another advance of the Middle Ages was the foundation of universities during 13-14-th centuries. Among other disciplines students could study medicine. During 18-th century new discoveries were made in chemistry, anatomy, biology, others sciences. The advances of that time were invention of the stethoscope (by Rene Laennec), vaccination for smallpox, discovery of anesthetics and development of immunology and scientific surgery. The next century is rise of bacteriology. Important discoveries were made by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. The development of scientific bacteriology made possible advances in surgery: using antiseptics and control of wound infection. Medicine in the 20-th century made enormous contribution in the basic medical sciences. These are discovery of blood groups and vitamins, invention of insulin and penicillin, practice of plastic surgery and transplantation.
New words
ancient – давній acupuncture [ˈækjupʌŋktʃər] -голкотерапія
human – людський occupation – заняття
fracture - перелом to develop – розвивати
science – наука century – століття
civilization – цивілізація healer- загоювати
subject – предмет illness – захворювання
death – смерть contribution – вклад
discovery – відкриття smallpox [ˈsmɔːlpɔks] віспа
Answer the questions.
1. When the history of medicine began?
2. How did it begin?
3. How many the main stages are there in the history of medicine?
4. What practices medicine-men?
5. What role did magic play at those times?
6. Who began to study medicine?
7. Who were the pioneers of immunization and acupuncture?
8. Who was the early leader in Greek medicine?
9. When appeared the first hospitals?
10. What Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch discovered?
1. Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences).
2. Find one word, which is a little bit different in meaning from others: 1) a) medicine; b) theatre; c) doctor; 2) a) patient; b) lamp; c) pain; 3) a) dance; b) science; c) studying; 4) a) mushroom; b) human; c) man; 5) a) century; b) age; c)honey.
Додаток № 3
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:
Church [ t∫ə:t∫ ], attach [ ə'tæt∫ ], aid [ eid ], inadequate [ in'ædikwit ], succeed [ sək'si:d ], science [ 'saiəns ], valuable [ 'væljuəbl ], create [ kri:'eit ], concern [ kən'sə:n ], initiative [ i'ni∫iətiv' ], tissue [ 'tisju:, 'ti∫u ], doctrine ['doktrin].
Exercise 2.Topic vocabulary:
folk - народнй
attach – приєднувати
aid – допомога
troop – військо
inadequate – недостатній
graduate – випускник
initiative – ініціатива, початок
detachment – відділ, підрозділ
succeed – досягти мети, добитися
valuable – цінний
concern – стосуватися
doctrine – вчення, теорія
connective – з`єднувальний
tissue - тканина
Exercise 3. Give the Infinitive of the following verbs:
did, got, became, meant, knew, told, was, had, went, made, took, were, came, began, gave, found, told, taught, stood, spoke, led.
Exercise 4. Form new words and translate them.
the nouns by adding the suffix –er: to examine, to lead, to teach, to organize, to help, to write;
the verbs by adding the prefix re-: to join, to operate, to group, to make, to build, to form, to move.
Exercise 5. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to Passive Voice.
1. In the first term students are taught basic theoretical subjects. 2. The name of great surgeon Pirogov is known not only in our country. 3. The tissues, blood vessels and nerves were studied by many scientists. 4. The student was asked on the structure of the bones. 5. The changed condition of the patient was seen by the doctor. 6. The administrations were changed to restore the patient’s health rapidly. 7. We will be delivered a lecture in Anatomy next Monday. 8. Sedatives are taken by the patient. 9. The great surgeons were often referred to in scientific papers. 10. Donors are given light breakfast before blood taking.
Exercise 6. Change from Active Voice into Passive.
The nurse sponges the patient’s skin. 2. A poisonous remedy causes death. 3. This drug causes skin irritation. 4. The doctor administered laxatives. 5. The X-ray examination revealed lung trouble. 6. The doctor checked up my kidneys. 7. He handed the prescription for cough mixture. 8. The surgeon rinses his hands before the operation. 9. The students will study Pharmacology in two years. 10. Prof. Smirnov will deliver a lecture in Histology tomorrow.
Exercise 7. Translate into English.
1. Ці уколи роблять вранці і ввечері. 2.Плеврит було виявлено рентгеном. 3. Нам подякували за допомогу. 4. Дитина була застуджена, їй дали гаряче молоко. 5. Нам пояснили этіологію цього захворювання. 6.Операція на серці була проведена вчасно. 7. Мене часто запитують на заняттях. 8. Огляд цього хворого буде проведено завтра. 9. Запалення легень було виявлено рентгеном. 10. Консультація з анатомії буде проводитися два рази на тиждень.
Додаток № 4
Exercise 8.Read and translate the text:
The history of medicine in Ukraine begins with the history of folk medicine. The first medical hospitals in Kyiv Rus were founded in the 11 th century and were mostly in the form of alms houses attached to churches.
In the 14th and 15th centuries new hospitals were built and many physicians gave the first aid to the inhabitants of Ukraine and the soldiers of Bogdan Khmelnytsky's troops.
As the number of physicians was inadequate some medical schools which trained specialists were opened. The first higher educational establishment was Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy which was founded in 1632. It played a prominent role in the development of the Ukrainian medicine. Many graduates of the Academy continued to enrich their knowledge abroad and received their doctors' degrees there. Many former students of this Academy have become the well-known scientists. They are the epidemiologist D. S. Samoilovych, the obstetrician N, M. Ambodyk-Maximovych, the pediatrician S. F. Chotovytsky, the anatomist 0. M. Shumlyansky and many others.
At the end of the I8th and during the 19th centuries the medical departments were formed at the Universities of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Odesa. Since then the total number of physicians has increased in Ukraine.
During the Crimean War (1854-1856), on own Pirogov's initiative the first detachment of nurses was trained and sent to Sevastopol to help its defenders. It gave the beginning of the organization "Red Cross".
In 1886 the first bacteriological station was organized in Odesa. It was of great importance in the development of microbiology and epidemiology. The great scientists I. I. Mechnikov and M. F. Gamaliya worked at this station and succeeded much in their investigations. I.I.Mechnikov (1845 – 1916) is a world famous biologist, bacteriologist, immunologist and pathologist. He is one of the founders of evolutionary embriology and microbiology.He created the phagocyte theory of immunity for which he got Nobel prize in 1908.Despite of favorable conditions for the successful development of natural sciences in Russia many outstanding scientists worked in Ukraine. It is known that the brilliant scientist M. I. Pirogov and his followers, such as V. O. Karavayev, O. F. Shimanovsky, M. V. Sklifosovsky and others made valuable contribution to the Ukrainian medicine.
The first president of Medical Academy in Ukraine was Daniil Kyrylovych Zabolotny (1866-1929), a prominent Ukrainian epidemiologist and microbiologist. He was the first in the world to create the department of epidemiology and was the first rector of Odesa Medical Academy (1920). Scientific interests of Zabolotny concerned different problems of epidemiology. His follower academician O.Bogomolets (1881 – 1946) was the founder of the Institute of Experimental Biology and Physiology of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He created a doctrine about physiological system of connective tissue and paid great attention to gerontology.The famous scientists V. P. Obraztsov and M. D. Strazhesko were founders of Kyiv therapeutic school. They made a huge progress in the field of cardiology. A great deal was done in the treatment of many eye diseases by the prominent scientist, ophthalmologist academician V. P. Filatov (1875 – 1956) who founded the Institute of Eye diseases in Odesa. Many other outstanding scientists whose names are well known in the world worked in Ukraine.
Додаток № 5
POST – TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 9. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations and make up 5 sentences with them
Надавати першу допомогу, готувати спеціалістів, збагачувати знання, загальна кількість, за власною ініціативою, незважаючи на, гарні умови, успішний розвиток, природничі науки, цінний внесок, вчення, велика кількість, звернути увагу на щось.
Exercise 10.Answer the questions:
1.What does the history of medicine in Ukraine begin with?
2.When were the first medical hospitals founded in Kyiv?
3.What form were the first Kyiv hospitals in?
4.When were new hospitals built?
5.Whom did many physicians give the first aid to?
6.When was Kyiv-Mogylyanska Academy founded?
7.Where did many physicians receive their doctors' degrees?
8.What former students of the Academy have become the well-known scientists?
9.What Universities were the medical departments founded at?
10.What medicine was widely used at that time?
11.When was the first detachment of nurses traine
12.When and where was the first bacteriological station organized?
13.Who was the first president of Medical Academy in Ukraine and the first rector of Odesa Medical Academy?
14.What did academician O.Bogomolets found?
15.What names of Ukrainian outstanding doctors do you know? What are they famous for?
Exercise 11. Say is it false or true:
The history of medicine in Ukraine begins in 1991._______________
The first medical hospitals were founded in the 13th century in Kyiv Rus.____________
In the 14th century new hospitals were built to give the first aid to Bogdan Khmelnytsky’s troops._________________
The first higher educational establishment was Kyiv national Academy.____________
Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy was founded in 1832.__________________
I.I.Mechnikov was the founder of the first bacteriological station in Odessa.________________
D.K.Zabolotny was the first rector of Odesa Medical Academy._______________
Odesa Medical Academy was founded in 1820._________________
Interests of academician O.Bogomolets concerned different problems of epidemiology._________________
At first the Institute of Eye diseases was founded in Kyiv.___________
Додаток №6
Exercise 12. Put special questions to the following sentences:
1.The nurse cares for these children. 2. Yesterday I read a medical article. 3. The professor asked my friend a question. 4. We attended lectures in Biology on Mondays. 5. The third-year students had practice at the therapeutic department. 6. I will go to my relatives on holidays. 7. There are different scientific societies at our university.
Exercise 13. What do you know about:
Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy; N.I. Pirogov; I.I.Mechnikov; D.K.Zabolotnyy; V.P. Filatov.
Exercise 14. Give summary of the text.
Exercise 15. Do exercise by the link
https://www.liveworksheets.com/qs465666vr