Спецкурс з англійської мови " Літературна мозаїка" 5 клас. Тема: Літературна казка. Відмінність народної казки від літературної. Життєвий та творчий шлях О.Пушкіна

ТЕМА Літературна казка. Відмінність народної казки від літературної. Життєвий та творчий шлях О.Пушкіна

МЕТА- познайомити учнів з літературною казкою, вчити називати відмінності між народною та літературною казками;

• познайомити з життєвим та творчим шляхом О.С. Пушкіна, читати та аналізувати його твори, висловлювати власну думку;
• розвивати фонематичний слух, пам'ять, вміння доводити власну думку;
• виховувати зацікавленість в отриманні нових знань
  ХІД УРОКУ

I Greeting

II Aim

III Speaking about fairy tales

IV Presentation of great poet O. Pushkin

1. Biography

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin 

was born 26 May (6 June 6, New Style) 1799, Moscow, and died 29 January (10 February, New Style), St Petersburg. He was a Russian poet, novelist, dramatist and writer of short stories.

Many think he was the greatest Russian poet. He started the great tradition of Russian literature. Pushkin wrote in a way that no other Russian had done: he used the Russian language as it was spoken instead of writing in a style based on old church books. His influence on other Russian writers was enormous and several Russian composers set his stories and poems to music. His poetry is very hard to translate well into other languages because the words are full of special meanings in Russian culture. His novels, especially Eugene Onegin, are widely read.

Pushkin was the great-grandson of an African slave of the Tzar Peter the Great. He was killed in a duel in 1837 at the age of 37.

Early years

Pushkin's father came from an old aristocratic family. On his mother's side Pushkin had African ancestors. His great-grandfather Abram Gannibal was an Abyssinian who was living in a palace of the Turkish sultan in Istanbul. The Russian ambassador bought him as a present for Peter the Great, tsar of Russia. Gannibal became a favourite of Peter the Great and he was sent to Paris. He became very rich.

In 19th century Russia all aristocratic families learned to speak French, so Pushkin and his brother and sister spoke and wrote in French more than in Russian. The children were cared for by a nurse, Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva. It was the nurse who taught them to love the Russian language. She told the children Russian folktales. Pushkin also spoke Russian to the peasants and he read many books in his father's library.

When he was 12 he went to a new school called the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo. Years later this school was renamed Pushkin after their famous pupil. He soon started writing romantic poems in Russian using Russian tales of heroes and adventures. Ruslan and Ludmila was a poem that was later to be made into an opera by Mikhael Glinka.

Adulthood

In 1817, Pushkin got a job in the foreign office at St. Petersburg. He soon became interested in politics and supported the Decembrist revolt of 1825 when a group of noblemen and army officers tried to put another tsar in power and make him less powerful. Pushkin wrote some political poems. The result was that he was told he had to leave St. Petersburg. He had to spend six years in exile in the south of the country: in the Caucasus and the Crimea. He wrote about his experiences in the south in several romantic narrative poems (long poems which tell a story). He started work on a novel in verse called Yevgeny Onegin (or Eugene Onegin). He did not finish it until 1833. This was to be his most famous work. It was used by many musicians including Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky who made it into an opera. The poem shows typical Russian people in the society of his day.

Pushkin was angry that he was still in exile and he wrote many letters to his friends. Many of these letters were later published. He spent a lot of time drinking, gaming and fighting with swords. He fell in love with the daughter of a Countfor whom he was working. The Count managed to get Pushkin exiled to his mother's estate near Pskov at the other end of Russia. Pushkin spent two years here. He was lonely, but he studied Russian history and talked to the peasants. The poems he wrote were full of ideas from Russian culture. He wrote one of his major works: Boris Godunov, a drama about a story from Russian history. The composer Modest Mussorgsky later made an opera from it. Boris Godunov was a cruel tsar in the 17th century. Pushkin's play shows that the ordinary people had a lot of power. This made it difficult for Pushkin to get it published.

Return from exile

After the revolt in 1825 the new tsar Nicholas I realized that Pushkin was by now very famous. He also realized that he had not taken part in the revolt, so he allowed him to return. The tsar said that he himself would censor Pushkin's works before they were allowed to be published. He said that he was going to be a good tsar and help the poor people (the serfs) to become free. Pushkin was in a difficult position because he could not write anything that the tsar would not like.

He had to be very careful not to say bad things about the rulers of the country. The police watched him very carefully. Yet at this time Pushkin wrote a large number of great works, almost each one of them being the first of their kind in Russian literature. One example is the short story The Queen of Spades, which Tchaikovsky made into an opera and which was to be a great influence on the novels of Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Last years

In his last years, Pushkin was again in government service in St. Petersburg. He married in 1831 and had to spend a lot of time in society at court. He wrote more and more prose. He wrote a history of Peter the Great and a historical novel The Captain's Daughter. He kept asking the tsar to let him resign from his job and go to the country to spend his time writing. The tsar would not allow that. In 1837, Pushkin was killed in a duel. He had been forced to fight the duel in order to defend his wife's honour.

Pushkin’s achievements

The Russian language today would be very different if it had not been for Pushkin. Using the language as it was spoken by the people he made it into a language which was simple but which could also express deep feelings. His works were a great influence on later writers like Ivan Turgenev, Ivan Goncharov and Leo Tolstoy. Yevgeny Onegin was the first Russian novel which told a story about the society of the time. His works have been translated into all the major languages

KEY FACTS

• The outstanding Russian poet Alexander Pushkin was born, spent his childhood and got married in Moscow, and, unsurprisingly, the city has some fifty locations associated with him.
• A Museum on Staraya Basmannaya Street, where Pushkin spend most of his life, contains manuscripts as well as household and personal items that once belonged to Pushkin in his childhood.
• Alexander Pushkin State History and Literature Open-Air Museum, located in Odintsovo District, houses an exhibition devoted to Pushkin’s childhood years.
• Pushkin’s Memorial Flat on Arbat Street exhibits various 19^th-century items, a handicraft table of Pushkin’s wife, Pushkin’s desk and objects that belonged to his children and grandchildren.
• All cultural events related to Pushkin’s life and works are held here, including poetry nights, festivals, conferences, concerts and so on.
• Visitors can explore exhibitions dedicated to Pushkin’s life and works in the Alexander Pushkin State Museum (located on Prechistenka Street).

2. His works :

• Ruslan and Lyudmila
• The Robber Brothers
• The Fountain of Bakhchisarai
• The Gypsies
• Eugene Onegin
• Bronze Horseman
• The Tale about Tsar Saltan
• Little Tragedies
• The Stone Guest
• Boris Godunov
• Tales of the Late I.P.Belkin
• Dubrovsky
• The Captain's Daughter
• The Tale about Gold Fish

V Listening and reading his poems

1. Reading Я помню чудное мгновенье:

Передо мной явилась ты,

Как мимолетное виденье,

Как гений чистой красоты.

В томленьях грусти безнадежной,

В тревогах шумной суеты,

Звучал мне долго голос нежный

И снились милые черты.

Шли годы. Бурь порыв мятежный

Рассеял прежние мечты,

И я забыл твой голос нежный,

Твои небесные черты.

В глуши, во мраке заточенья

Тянулись тихо дни мои

Без божества, без вдохновенья,

Без слез, без жизни, без любви.

Душе настало пробужденье:

И вот опять явилась ты,

Как мимолетное виденье,

Как гений чистой красоты.

И сердце бьется в упоенье,

И для него воскресли вновь

И божество, и вдохновенье,

И жизнь, и слезы, и любовь

Мороз и солнце; день чудесный!
Еще ты дремлешь, друг прелестный –
Пора, красавица, проснись:
Открой сомкнуты негой взоры
Навстречу северной Авроры,
Звездою севера явись!

Вечор, ты помнишь, вьюга злилась,
На мутном небе мгла носилась;
Луна, как бледное пятно,
Сквозь тучи мрачные желтела,
И ты печальная сидела –
А нынче… погляди в окно:

Под голубыми небесами
Великолепными коврами,
Блестя на солнце, снег лежит;
Прозрачный лес один чернеет,
И ель сквозь иней зеленеет,
И речка подо льдом блестит.

Вся комната янтарным блеском
Озарена. Веселым треском
Трещит затопленная печь.
Приятно думать у лежанки.
Но знаешь: не велеть ли в санки
Кобылку бурую запречь?

Скользя по утреннему снегу,
Друг милый, предадимся бегу
Нетерпеливого коня
И навестим поля пустые,
Леса, недавно столь густые,
И берег, милый для меня.

2. Compare original with translation

3. Test

.

Choose the right answer.

1.Pushkin A.S. was born in:

• A) 1811 B)1792 C) 1799
  2.                  The family lived in:
• A) St. Petersburg B) Moscow C)Boldino

3.The family was :

• A) of upper-class B) middle-class C) poor

4.When Alexander was a boy he spent much time with

• A) his nurse B) his mother C) his granny

5) Pushkin studied in: A) university B) lyceum C) school

6.After 6 years of study Pushkin began :

• A) to work in a foreign office B)military service C) to teach children

7. In 1824 for his anti-tsarist poetry he was exiled (выслан) to :

• A) Pskov B) Novgorod C) Mikhailovskoe
  8. Pushkin fell in love with :
• A) Anna Kern B) Natalya Goncharova C) Maria Volkonskaya
  9. Pushkin died in 1837

• A) after a serious illness B) after a duel with Baron Georges d'Ante

10Alexander Sergeevich wrote:

11 The poet wrote about 

12 Pushkin was 

13. A.Pushkin was influenced (находился под влиянием) by

V Summarizing