English Lesson 'Direct and Reported Speech'
- Write briefly in a notebook.
Direct and Reported Speech
Пряма мова (direct speech) прямо передає мову автора, а непряма мова (indirect speech) показує, що хтось переказує висловлювання автора.
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Direct Speech |
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Reported Speech |
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Present Simple ‘I am fine’, the boy said. |
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Past Simple The boy said (that) he was fine. |
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Present Continuous ‘He is sleeping’, she said to me. |
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Past Continuous She told me (that) he was sleeping. |
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Present Perfect ‘I just have washed my car’, he said. |
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Past Perfect He said (that) he had washed his car. |
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Past Simple ‘I played chess’, Susan said. |
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Past Simple / Past Perfect Susan said (that) she played chess. Susan said (that) she had played chess. |
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Past Continuous ‘We were working all night long’, she said. |
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Past Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous She said (that) they were working all night long. She said (that) they had been working all night long. |
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Future Simple ‘She will go to the park tomorrow’, my brother said. |
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Conditional (would) My brother said (that) she would go to the park the next day. |
Bob said, ‘This film is very funny’. Bob said (that) the film was very funny.
Direct and Reported Speech. Interrogative Sentences (Questions)
У непрямих запитаннях, на відміну від прямих, прямий порядок слів (спочатку підмет, а потім присудок).
Загальні питання (Yes / No Questions) – це запитання, на яке потрібно дати відповідь «так» або «ні» – ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
Якщо непрямою мовою передається загальне запитання, то запитання утворюється за допомогою if або whether. Дієслова do і does при утворенні
непрямих запитань не вживаються.
He asked me, ‘Do you speak English?’ – He asked if I spoke English.
Спеціальні питання (Wh-Questions) – це запитання, у яких вживаються питальні слова: who (хто), when (коли), where (де), why (чому), which (котрий) та інші.
У цьому випадку непрямі запитання утворюються за допомогою
відповідних питальних слів.
He asked me, ‘Where do you work?’ – He asked me where I worked.
Перетворюючи пряму мову на напряму, треба пам’ятати про заміну деяких слів на інші:
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Direct Speech |
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Indirect Speech |
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today |
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that day |
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yesterday |
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the day before |
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now |
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then |
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tomorrow |
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the next day |
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this |
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that |
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these |
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those |
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here |
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there |
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last weekend |
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the weekend before |
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next weekend |
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the following weekend |
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ago |
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before |
Reported Speech: Modal Verbs
При переході з прямої мови у непряму модальні дієслова must, can, may, needn’t, will / shall змінюються:
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Direct Speech |
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Indirect Speech |
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must Susan: ‘I must do my homework’ |
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had to / must Susan said that she had to / must do her homework. |
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can John: ‘I can run fast’ |
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could / would be able to John said that he could / would be able to run fast. |
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may Bob: ‘My brother may be at the his room’ |
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might / could Bob said that his brother might be at his room. |
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needn’t Nicole: ‘You needn’t read this book for tomorrow’ |
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didn’t need to / didn’t have to / wouldn’t have to Nicole said that I didn’t need to / didn’t have to read this book for the next day. |
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will / shall Michelle: ‘Mr. Smithson shall fly to New York next month’ |
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would Michelle said that Mr. Smithson would fly to New York next month. |
Модальні дієслова should, would, might, could залишаються без змін:
The teacher said: ‘You should study hard’
The teacher said that I should study hard.
- Do exercises and write in a notebook.
Exercise 1Write sentences in reported speech with ‘say’ or ‘tell’
1. Bob: ‘I do my homework every day’
2. Kelly: ‘I cleaned my room yesterday’
3. Susan to me: ‘I am typing a document now’
4. John to her: ‘My sister went to the cinema last Saturday’
5. Peter to him: ‘I shall help you with Math tomorrow’
Exercise 2Write questions in reported speech
1. Peter to me: ‘Do you like green tea?’
2. John to his sister: ‘Did you go to the theatre yesterday?’
3. Michelle: ‘Where is the police station?’
4. Kathy to me: ‘What are you drawing?’
5. Bob: ‘Is he doing his homework now?’
Exercise 3 Write sentences in reported speech
1. The teacher: ‘Open the books!’
2. My sister: ‘Don’t close the window’
3. Pam: ‘Give me the phone’
Exercise 4Write sentences in reported speech
1. Samantha to her sister: ‘I can help you with your homework’
2. Kelly: ‘You should clean your room’
3. Susan: ‘May I open the window?’
Exercise 5 Write sentences in reported speech
1. Peter: ‘I like coffee’
2. Sam: ‘I washed my clothes yesterday’
3. Susan to me: ‘I am making a pie now’
4. Kelly: ‘Where is the factory?’
5. Bob: ‘I bought some milk last Monday’
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