Grammar. Made of, made from, made out of, made with.

Made of, made from, made out of, made with.

Made of   - коли матеріал, з якого щось зроблено, не зазнав змін, тобто, коли йдеться про                дерев’яний стілець, ми говоримо made of wood (wooden chair). Дерево, з якого він зроблений, змінило форму, але залишилось все тим же деревом, що й раніше.

Але:  made from wood, адже деревина зазнає суттєвих змін у процесі виробництва паперу.

Example. The outer wall is made of concrete.
                 Laboratory glassware is traditionally made of glass.
 

Найпоширеніші вирази з made of

made of gold (silver, bronze, platinum)

made of metal (iron, copper, lead)

made of wood (oak, pine, maple)

made of stone

made of marble

made of china (porcelain)

made of leather

made of wool (cotton, linen, silk)

made from - коли матеріал, з якого щось зроблено, зазнав змін. Часто використовується, коли йдеться про продукти харчування.

Example. Rice noodles are noodles made from rice.
                It’s an Italian cheese made from mozzarella and cream.
                This cocktail is made from gin, Champagne, lemon juice, and sugar.

made out of -  коли мова йде про переробку

Example. The girl showed her new bag made out of her father’s old jeans.

                 Do you really think that a fence made out of plastic bottles is a good idea?

made with – коли говоримо про інгредієнти, які входять до складу їжі чи напоїв

Example. This dish is made with beef, red peppers and herbs.

                 Is sushi always made with raw fish or do the Japanese use cooked fish too?

Ідіоми.

to be made of money – купатися в грошах

Example. No, I can’t buy you a new iPhone. I’m not made of money.

to be made of stone – мати камінне серце

Example. I can’t believe you said that to her face. Are you made of stone?

to show what somebody is (really) made of – показати, на що здатен

Example. The conference at the end of the week will be a chance for Ben to show what he’s made of.

Exercises.

1. https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/30.html

2. https://www.tolearnenglish.com/cgi2/myexam/voir2r.php?id=117032