HUMAN BEINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT. CLEANING UP THE ENVIRONMENT.

HUMAN BEINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT. CLEANING UP THE ENVIRONMENT.

Цілі уроку:

• практична: вчити вживати лексику з теми в комунікативних ситуаціях; розвивати вміння аудіювання з метою отримання інформації; розвивати вміння монологічного мовлення в аспекті логічного викладу думок; удосконалювати вміння діалогічного мовлення;
• освітня: поглибити знання учнів про захист оточуючого середовища;
• розвивальна: розвивати творчі здібності учнів, гнучкість мислення, самостійність;
• виховна: виховувати в учнів культуру спілкування, свідомого позитивного ставлення до оточуючого  середовища.  

Обладнання: комп’ютер, роздавальні картки до теми, текст для читання «Human Beings and Their Environment», тексти для аудіювання «What are the names of the animals?».

Тип уроку: урок закріплення умінь, знань та навичок.

Хід уроку

I.Підготовка до сприйняття іншомовного мовлення

1.Повідомлення теми та мети уроку. 

T: The topic of the lesson is “Human beings and their environment. Cleaning up the environment”.

By the end of the lesson the pupils will be able to use new words, to speak about the beauty of the world around us, to discuss how to protect our planet and to clean the environment for the benefit of present and future generations.

2. Бесіда з учнями. 

T: The Earth is the only planet in our Solar system where there is life. If we look down at the Earth from a plane, we shall see how wonderful our planet is. We shall see blue rivers, seas, oceans. We’ll see green forests and fields.

With the first rays of the sun, birds greet a new day, crystal drops of new ring on slim stalks of grass, brooks of fable. Evening is full of heavy flavor of flowers, tender singing of a nightingale and twilight of stars.

-  How must we take care of nature?

-  Do you take care of plants and animals?

ІІ. Основна частина уроку

1. Практикування учнів у монологічному висловлюванні за темою уроку (перевірка домашнього завдання).

T: For today’s lesson your home task was to prepare reports with presentations   about environment and its problems. Please, comment them.

The Greenhouse Effect

A greenhouse is a building made of glass where you can grow flowers and other plants that need a lot of warmth.

The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of gasses. The gas named carbon dioxide acts just like a greenhouse. The sun shines in and the blanket of gases traps the heat like a roof, keeping it close to the planet. That’s good. We cannot live without warmth.

Factories, electric power plants and cars are making a lot of gases. Even trees, when they are cut down give off gases. These new gases are trapping more and more of the sun’s heat. This is called greenhouse effect or global  warming.

If the Earth’s temperature gets hotter by just a few degrees it could change the weather all over the world in big ways. Places that are warm would become too hot to live in, and places that are cold would become warm. The places that grow our food would get too hot to do it.

The Ozone Hole

Up in the sky, above the air we breathe, there is a layer of gas called ozone. It helps us by blocking out rays from the sun that can harm our skin, and by letting the rays that are good for us come though. We are lucky to have the ozone layer to protect us.

Now the ozone layer is being damaged by gases that people have made. The gases are called CFCs – chloro – fluoro – carbons. They are used in refrigerators, air-conditioners, plastic foam and some other things.

Scientists are concerned about the ozone layer, because a lot of it has gone away in just a few years. So it is important that we learn to do something about it.

Air Pollution

Until about 150 years ago, the air was clean and pure – perfect for the people and animals to breathe.

Then people started building factories. Those factories and many of the thinks they make, like cars, put a lot of harmful gases into the air. Then people started driving cars, which added more pollution to the air. Today the air is so polluted that it is not always safe to breathe.

Polluted air is not only bad for people and animals, but for trees and other plants as well. And in some places it is even damaging farmers’ crops – the food we eat. So it is very important for us to clean up the air we all breathe.

Water Pollution

The planet Earth is mostly water. Oceans cover the biggest part of it – there are lakes, rivers, streams and even water underground. All life on Earth – from the smallest bug to the biggest whale – depends on this water. It is precious. But we are not doing a good job of keeping water clean. In many places, the water has become polluted. Rivers and lakes are polluted by garbage or by poisonous chemicals which are dumped right into them. Underground water can be polluted by gasoline or other harmful liquids that seep into the ground.

The ocean which is a home to so much life, has been used as a place to dump garbage and poisonous chemicals. It is getting polluted, too.

We need to save our water, to keep it clean and healthy so people, plants find animals will always have come to drink. And so fish and other creatures will have a place to live.

Acid Rain

When we look up, we see clouds and the blue sky. But there are other things in the sky that we don’t see. Some of these are harmful to the Earth.

When power plants burn coal to make electricity, and when cars burn gasoline, invisible gases are released into the air. Some of these gases can mix with rain or snow and make it acidic, like lemon juice or vinegar.

Acid rain is extremely harmful to plants, rivers, lakes, and the creatures that live in them. In some places it is killing forests. And it pollutes the water that animals and people need to drink.

It is very important for us to stop making acid rain. One good way is to drive our cars less. Another good way is to save energy. The less energy we use, the less fuel those power plants have to burn. Industrial countries should control their level of pollution.

Too Much Garbage!

When we throw something away it goes in a garbage can. Once a week a garbage truck comes and the can is emptied, and that’s the last you see of it. But what do you think happens to garbage then? Does it just disappear? No way!

Almost all garbage is taken to a garbage dump or land fills, where the garbage truck empties in the ground. After the truck leaves, a big tractor comes along and pushes dirt on top of the garbage. So, most of our garbage is just buried.

Now we are making so much garbage that in many places there is not enough room to bury it all.

We can re-use materials instead of throwing them away, or precycle which means not buying things that we can’t use. This way we’ll produce a lot less garbage and help keep our planet clean.  

2. Перегляд відеоролику.

Previewing

1. What synonyms to the word “garbage” do you know?

2. Match the words and their definitions:

After viewing

1. Put the statements in the correct order:

A. People fill up the sea.

B. People put rubbish into bins.

C. Humans decide to use space as perfect bin.

D. A brief flirtation with recycling takes place.

E. Dustcarts empty the bins into bigger and bigger bins.

F. The planet is buried under rubbish.

2. Match A and B to make word-combinations, translate them into Russian:

3. Практикування учнів у вживанні слів, словосполучень за темою.

1. Read the words: to pollute, environment, mutual, ecology, habitat, poison, urgent, generation, benefit, waste.

2. Explain the meaning of these words.

3. Make up your own sentences with these words. [Додаток 1]

4. Пред’явлення тексту для читання «HUMAN BEINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT ».

Pre-reading Activities. Виконання дотекстових вправ.

PROBLEM SOLVING

T. Mankind long believed that whatever we did, the Earth would remain much the same. We know that is untrue. Is nature under threat? Can one country’s pollution be every country’s problem? Do we all need to work together to safeguard our environment?

While-Reading Activities

SKIMMING

T. Look through the text “Human Beings and Their Environment” and say:

- What is the title of the text?

- What is this text about?

- Find the sentences with new words, underline the new words.

HUMAN BEINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

There are a lot of problems facing people on the planet Earth nowadays. The problems that demand world action are: the growth of world population, economic crises and ethnic conflicts.

But the most urgent problem concerning the people of the whole world is an ecological one.

What is ecology? Ecology is the science that studies the conditions of habitat of man, animals and plants for the benefit of present and future generations.

The planet Earth is our mutual home and the biosphere recognizes no divisions into blocks alliances or systems. All share the same climate system and no one is in a position to build his own isolated and independent line of environmental defense.

What is the environment? The environment is everything around us. It includes all living things. It also includes everything that is not alive, such as the soil, the air and the water.

Human activities can make the environment unhealthy. The gasoline burned inside car engines produces gases that poison the air. Factories burn fuels to run machines, and these burning fuels, too, put poisons into the air. Human activities also poison water. Some factories produce liquid wastes that run into rivers. Often, these wastes contain poisons. When small animals eat poisoned insects, they take in the chemicals into their cells. When larger animals eat these small animals, the poison is passed on the larger animals. The larger animals are eaten by still larger animals including people. Many scientists study the environment. When there is a problem, they try to find out why. Then they look for ways to stop the problem. Scientists have also helped find ways to reduce air and water pollution. New car burn fuel better and produce fewer poisons. There are laws against dumping poisons into rivers and lakes. People who break these laws should be punished [Додаток 2].

POST-READING ACTIVITIES.  Післятекстовий етап.

Answer the questions:

1) What problems demand world action nowadays?

2) Which of them is the most urgent one, concerning the people of the whole world?

3) What is ecology?

4) Why is the Earth our mutual home?

5. Практикування учнів в аудіювання. Робота в групах.

A guessing exercise

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE ANIMALS?

Some of these animals are still alive but in dangerous disappearing. Guess what are the names of the three animals mentioned below:

1) There were once very large numbers of them in India and some parts of Africa but now they are almost extinct. Men have been proud of hunting them for a long time. It is the fastest animal on land, but it is very timid and shy by nature.

Lions do not like them because they hunt for the same kind of animals. But they can defend themselves against lions because they are so fast. There is only one animal they cannot defend themselves against. Us! Future generations may see them only in photographs unless we do something to save them now. [Додаток 3]

2) They look something like dogs, but they live in the sea. They are playful and friendly. They are disappearing for two main reasons: hunting and pollution. There are films showing terrible pictures of men killing the very young ones by hitting them over the head by clubs. Thousands of them die every year so that rich women can walk around in fur coats made from their skins. [Додаток 4]

3) Not many people know that they sing strange and beautiful songs. In such a way they communicate with each other. These songs travel hundreds of miles through the sea. They are the biggest animals left on earth and besides us the most intelligent. Some people actually eat meat from them or feed it to their pets. [Додаток 5]

ІІІ. Заключна частина уроку

1. Домашнє завдання.

Write a newspaper article on the topics: “The Earth is our one and only home”.

1) “Our planet should be a healthful place for all living beings”.

2) “Your contribution to the cause of protecting the environment”.

2. Підбиття підсумків уроку

Evaluating students’ answers.  Feedback of the lesson.

What have you learned today in the lesson?

Which activities have you done? Which activity do you like the best?  

T: We’ll try to send a message to the future. [Додаток 6]

Додаток 1

Практикування учнів у вживанні слів, словосполучень за темою.

1. Read the words: to pollute, environment, mutual, ecology, habitat, poison, urgent, generation, benefit, waste.

2. Explain the meaning of these words.

3. Make up your own sentences with these words.

Додаток 2

HUMAN BEINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

There are a lot of problems facing people on the planet Earth nowadays. The problems that demand world action are: the growth of world population, economic crises and ethnic conflicts.

But the most urgent problem concerning the people of the whole world is an ecological one.

What is ecology? Ecology is the science that studies the conditions of habitat of man, animals and plants for the benefit of present and future generations.

The planet Earth is our mutual home and the biosphere recognizes no divisions into blocks alliances or systems. All share the same climate system and no one is in a position to build his own isolated and independent line of environmental defense.

What is the environment? The environment is everything around us. It includes all living things. It also includes everything that is not alive, such as the soil, the air and the water.

Human activities can make the environment unhealthy. The gasoline burned inside car engines produces gases that poison the air. Factories burn fuels to run machines, and these burning fuels, too, put poisons into the air. Human activities also poison water. Some factories produce liquid wastes that run into rivers. Often, these wastes contain poisons. When small animals eat poisoned insects, they take in the chemicals into their cells. When larger animals eat these small animals, the poison is passed on the larger animals. The larger animals are eaten by still larger animals including people. Many scientists study the environment. When there is a problem, they try to find out why. Then they look for ways to stop the problem. Scientists have also helped find ways to reduce air and water pollution. New car burn fuel better and produce fewer poisons. There are laws against dumping poisons into rivers and lakes. People who break these laws should be punished.

Додаток 3

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE ANIMALS?

1) There were once very large numbers of them in India and some parts of Africa but now they are almost extinct. Men have been proud of hunting them for a long time. It is the fastest animal on land, but it is very timid and shy by nature.

Lions do not like them because they hunt for the same kind of animals. But they can defend themselves against lions because they are so fast. There is only one animal they cannot defend themselves against. Us! Future generations may see them only in photographs unless we do something to save them now.

Додаток 4

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE ANIMALS?

2) They look something like dogs, but they live in the sea. They are playful and friendly. They are disappearing for two main reasons: hunting and pollution. There are films showing terrible pictures of men killing the very young ones by hitting them over the head by clubs. Thousands of them die every year so that rich women can walk around in fur coats made from their skins.

Додаток 5

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE ANIMALS?

  3) Not many people know that they sing strange and beautiful songs. In such a way they communicate with each other. These songs travel hundreds of miles through the sea. They are the biggest animals left on earth and besides us the most intelligent. Some people actually eat meat from them or feed it to their pets.

Додаток 6

T: We’ll try to send a message to the future.