Конспект заняття за темою: "The country whose language we are studying. Geographical data on Great Britain and other English-speaking countries"

Topic: The country whose language we are studying. Geographical data on Great Britain and other English-speaking countries

The purpose of the lesson: acquaint with the new vocabulary of the topic, introduction and consolidation in the oral speech lexical units the topic “The country whose language we are studying. Geographical data on Great Britain and other English-speaking countries”; work out answers to questions in oral speech and writing; to develop students' knowledge in the historical and geographical aspect of Great Britain and the USA; to involve students in independent work; practice in reading and translating foreign sources with basic information; to cultivate love for the future profession, to develop cognitive interest, attention; to cultivate a respectful attitude to the study of native and English languages.

Type of the lesson: lesson of formation of abilities and skills.

Cross-curricular links: Geography

1. Organizational moment

2. Familiarization of students with the topic and purpose of the lesson (lesson plan)

3. Learning motivation

During today lesson you know more and refresh in mind material which you have learned before. Remember! Knowledge is no burden. Knowledge is power. A room without books is a body without soul.(Кімната без книг як тіло без душі.). The best fish swim near the bottom. (Без труда не витягнешь й рибки із пруда.) That is why, try to do all your best and learn English!

4. Actualization of basic knowledge (surveys, tests, dictation, etc.)

1. Test on the topic "The country whose language we are studying."

Practice makes perfect. Repetition is the mother of learning.

Practice makes perfect. Repetition is the mother of learning.

І. 1.Test

1. What is the official name of Britain?

   a) The United Kingdom    b) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland   c) Great Britain

2. Where is the UK situated?

a) On Victoria Island   b) On New Zealand Island    c) On the British Isles

3. What parts does the UK consist of?

a) England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland    b) England, Scotland, Wales          c) England, Wales, Northern Ireland

4. What is the capital of Britain?

a) Washington     b) Edinburgh    c) London

5. What is the oldest part of London?

a) The City         b) The West End    c) The East End

6. What river is the British capital situated on?

a) On the Severn    b) on the Thames     c) on the Mississippi

7. What is the capital of Scotland?

a) Belfast    b) Edinburgh     c) Cardiff

8. What is the capital of Wales?

a) Belfast    b) Edinburgh      c) Cardiff

9. What is the capital of Northern Ireland?

a) Belfast    b) Edinburgh      c) Cardiff

10. What is the symbol of England?

a) The thistle   b) The daffodil    c) The red rose

11. What is the symbol of Scotland?

a) The thistle   b) The daffodil     c) The red rose

12. What is the symbol of Wales?

a) The thistle     b) The daffodil     c) The red rose

13. What is the symbol of Northern Ireland?

a) The red hand and the shamrock    b) The daffodil    c) The thistle

14. What is Edinburgh famous for?

a) for its art galleries   b) for its music and theatre festivals   c) for its monuments

15. What is Wales called?

a) A “Land of Song”    b) A “Land of Music”    c) A “Land of Art”

16. When do British people celebrate Christmas?

a) On the 7^th of January   b) On the 25^th of December   c) On the 19^th of January

17. What is the traditional Christmas meal in Britain?

a) Roast chicken and apple pie    b) Roast potato and cherry pie    c) Roast turkey and pudding

18. What is the longest river in Britain?

a) The Severn    b) The Thames    c) The Tay

19. What is the deepest river in Britain?

a) The Thames    b) The Severn    c) The Tweed

20. Why is it never too hot or too cold in Britain?

a) It is because of the wind     b) It is because of the high mountains   c) It is because of the sea

21. What is the best and driest season in Britain?

a) Spring     b) Summer     c) Autumn

22. What is the London home of the Queen?

a) Buckingham Palace   b) Westminster Palace   c)The Houses of Parliament

23. What is the official name of the parliament building?

a) Buckingham Palace   b) Westminster Palace    c)The Houses of Parliament

24. What was the Tower of London?

a) A palace, a fortress, a shop   b) A palace, a prison, a fortress    c) A prison, a fortress, a library

25. What is the Tower of  London now?

A) It is a palace    b) It is a library    c) It is a museum

26. What birds live in the Tower of London?

a) Sparrows          b) Woodpeckers    c) Ravens

27. What is in the centre of Trafalgar Square?

a) Nelson’s Column   b) the Monument to Queen   c) the Monument to Peter Pan

28. Who was the architect of St. Paul’s Cathedral?

a) Charles Barry   b) Christopher Wren   c) Charles Mackintosh

29. What is the national drink in Britain?

a) Tea   b) Coca-cola   c) Beer

30. What is the national sport of Britain?

a) Cricket   b) Football   c) Rugby .

Викладання та вивчення нового матеріалу

1. Let’s refresh in mind and identify symbols of four nations!

ІІ. Робота з картою.  Ознайомтесь з картою  Великої Британії.

Знайдіть та покажіть на карті наступні географічні місця:

Перевірка диктанту( проспелінгуйте географічні назви з метою перевірки вірного написання, зверніть увагу на переклад географічних назв):

   1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) - Об'єднане Королівство Великобританії і Північної Ірландії; 2. the British Isles - Британські острови; 3. England -Англія; 4. Scotland –Шотландія; 5. Wales –Уельс; 6. Northern Ireland - Північна Ірландія; 7. London – Лондон; 8. Edinburgh – Единбург; 9. Cardiff  -  Кардіф; 10. Belfast  - Белфаст; 11. the Atlantic Ocean - Атлантичний океан; 12. The North Sea - Північне море; 13. the English Channel - Ла-Манш; 14.The Strait of Dover or Pas de Calais - Дуврська протока, або Па-де-Кале; 15.Liverpool – Ліверпуль; 16.Glasgow – Глазго; 17. Hull - Гулль (Халл); 18. Ben Nevis - Бен-Невіс; 19. the Severn  - Северн.

ІІІ. 1. The geographical position of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of England; Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff — of Wales and Belfast — of Northern Ireland. The UK is a small country with an area of approx. 244,100 square kilometers. It occupies only 0.2 per cent of the world’s land surface. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west and separated from Europe by the North Sea in the east and by the English Channel in the south. The Strait of Dover or Pas de Calais is the narrowest part of the Channel. The North Sea and the English Channel are often called "the narrow seas"; they are not deep but are frequently rough and difficult to navigate during storms.

In the west the Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing grounds. The country has many bays favorable for shipping. In their shelter are Britain's main ports such as London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Hull and others.

One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4,406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England, about 200 miles long.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. Foreigners often call British people "English", but the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh do not consider themselves to be English. The English are Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish are Celts, descendants of the ancient people, who crossed over from Europe centuries before the Norman Invasion. It was this people, whom the Germanic Angles and Saxons conquered in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors gave England its name — "Angle" land.

They were conquered in their turn by the Norman French, when William the Conqueror of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born.

The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales’s people often speak Welsh.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

2.The weather in England

  The weather in England is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon, and a nasty morning can change into a fine afternoon. That is why it is natural for the English to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. "Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather". This statement is often made by the English to describe the meteorological conditions of their country.

The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long.

The weather is the favourite conversational topic in England. When two Englishmen meet, their first words will be "How are you?" And after the reply "Very well, thank you; how are you?" the next remark is almost certain to be about the weather. When they go abroad the English often surprise people of other nationalities by this tendency to talk about the weather, a topic of conversation that other people do not find so interesting.

The best time of the year in England is spring (of course, it rains in spring too). The two worst months in Britain are January and February. They are cold, damp and unpleasant. The best place in the world then is at home by the fire.

Summer months are rather cold and there a lot of rainy days. So most people, who look forward to summer holidays, plan to go abroad for the summer, to France or somewhere on the Continent.

The most unpleasant aspects of the weather in England are fog and smog.

Vocabulary

changeable ['tʃeɪndʒəbl] — мінливий; непостійний; несталий

wet [wet] — сирий, мокрий

nasty ['na:stɪ] — мерзенний; огидний; неприємний

comparison [kəm'pærɪsn] — порівняння

remark [rɪ'ma:k] — зауваження; примітка; помітка

fire ['fаɪə]— камін

to look forward ['fɔ:wəd] to — із нетерпінням очікувати (чогось)

fog [fog] — густий туман

smog (smoke + fog) [smɔg] — смог, туман з димом

Questions

1. The weather in England is very changeable, isn't it?

2. What comparison do the English use when they want to describe a person whose mood and opinion changes very often?

3.  What statement is often made by the English to describe the meteorological conditions of their country?

4. How often does it rain in England?

5. The weather is the favourite conversational topic in England, isn't it? Do you find this topic of conversation interesting?

6. What is the best time of the year in England?

7. What do you know about London fogs?

8 What kind of weather do you like best of all?

9. Where do you get the weather forecast from? Do you always believe it?

3. Interesting facts about Great Britain

It is considered an act of treason to put a postage stamp with the queen’s head upside down on an envelope! The British eat over 11.5 billion (1,500,000,000) sandwiches every year!! England’s first telephone directory was published in 1880 and had only 248 names and addresses (there were no telephone numbers as you had to call the operator and ask for someone’s name to get connected). Our wonderful city London has not always had this name. In the past it has been called Londonium, Ludenwic, and Ludenburg! In 1945, a flock of birds landed on the minute hand of Big Ben and put the time back by 5 minutes. Big Ben is not actually the name of the clock; it is the name of the bell which is inside the clock. Black cab (taxi) drivers in London have to memorize every street and important building in London within six miles from Charing Cross and they need to take a test called ‘The Knowledge’ before they can drive a cab. It is illegal to die in the Houses of Parliament. The picture of the Queen on £1 coins show her age at the time they were made. England was part of the shortest war in history. They fought Zanzibar in 1896 and Zanzibar surrendered after just 38 minutes! England is the most populated country in the United Kingdom. The other countries that make up the United Kingdom are Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capital city of England is London. Other major cities include Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, Newcastle and Leeds. Famous English scientists include Charles Darwin, Michael Faraday, Isaac Newton and Stephen Hawking among many others. The largest lake in England is named Windermere. There have been a number of influential English authors but perhaps the most well-known is William Shakespeare, who wrote classics such as Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and Hamlet. Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in England but others such as cricket and rugby have large followings. The official London home of the British monarch (king or queen) is Buckingham Palace. It is the oldest royal residence in the world that is still being used by the royal family.

Розгляньте символи США, прочитайте та перекладіть текст

«The geographical position of the USA»

4.The geographical position of the USA

The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. The total area is over 9 million square kilometers.

The USA is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west coast, the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. It also borders on the countries of Canada to the north and Mexico to the southwest.

The USA is a federal republic of fifty states and the District of Columbia. At first it consisted of only 13 colonies located along the Atlantic coast of America. They were English colonies, but they rebelled against England and in 1776 became an independent nation. They won the victory and a new nation was born.

As the time went on, settlers from all the countries of Europe moved to the west until the nation was populated coast to coast, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. One by one new states were added to the original 13. Much land was taken from the Indians. Some of the territories were bought from France in 1803, others were taken from Mexico. Alaska was bought from Russia in 1817. It became the 49th state of the USA, in 1959. The same year in 1959 the territory of Hawaii became the 50th state.

The USA is divided onto three areas: The Eastern area-a high land, the Central area-a plain, and the western area being mountainous and containing the Rocky mountains and the Sierra Nevada.

The Northern part of the USA embraces the region of the five Great Lakes. (Lake Superior Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) which are connected by natural channels, cut by rapids. The greatest of these rapids is the Niagara Falls. The water of the five lakes have their outlet into the Atlantic Ocean by the St-Lawrence River. The principal rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the longest river in the world (17,800 kilometers) which flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the Colorado and the Columbia, which flow into the Pacific Ocean, and the Hudson River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The climate of the USA differs greatly from one part of the country to another. The coldest climate is in the north, when there is heavy snow in winter and the temperature may go down to 40 degrees Celsius below zero. The south has a subtropical climate, with temperatures as high as 40 degrees Celsius in summer. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast

The capital of the USA is Washington, in the District of Columbia, referred to as Washington, DC. The American Congress has its seat in the Capitol, and the White House is the residence of the President. Washington DC, is a beautiful administrative city without much industry. The country is rich with different natural resources such as coal, natural gas, gold and silver. It has strong economical system and highly developed industry and agriculture. It has many famous monuments: the Library of the Congress, the Washington Monument, the Abraham Lincoln, the Jefferson Memorial, WW II Memorial, Vietnam War Memorial, and others.

New York City is the largest city and port. It is the country's financial and business center. It is famous for its sky-scrapers. Chicago is one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA. San Francisco, located on the Pacific coast, is a big port and shipbuilding center. The USA is one of the greatest industrial nations in the world. With only about 5 percent of the world's population and about 6 percent of its land area, the U.S. produces around 25 percent of the world's industrial products, agricultural goods, and services. The USA is the world leader in many fields, for instance, biochemical and genetic engineering, aerospace research and development, communications, computer and information services, and similar high-technology fields. The USA is also the world's leading agricultural nation, which not only feeds her own people but many other people in the world as well.

The main cities are located on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. New-York is the largest city of the coun­try. Other large cities are San-Francisco, Los-Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Phoenix and Dallas. The USA is a country of highly developed industry and agriculture. The main industrial centres are Chicago and Detroit, with their greatest automobile company “General Motors”. There are many farms with various agricultural products. Grain, fruit and vegetables are grown on numerous fields especially in the South. The USA is a country with great holidays, customs and traditions. It is one of the most beautiful and in­teresting countries in the world.

There are many reasons, which can explain why the USA has been able to become a world leader in industrial and agricultural resources. Another very important reason is America's vitality, its so-called spirit of enterprise, optimism, innovation, and initiative. The rapid progress of American industry and agriculture is also the result of the constant willingness to experiment and to find new solutions to old problems.  The USA is divided into regions that have different kinds of land and climate, different ways of living and working, and their own characteristics and problems. And each has its own groups of people whose origin and traditions make them different from any of the others. However, out of these differences the American people were able to create a political and social system in which all of these regions and groups were represented and which formed or forged one nation out of many parts.

Чи Ви знаєте назви штатів Америки?

Штат США (англ. U.S. state) — одна з 50 складових адміністративно-політичних одиниць, чий суверенітет поділяється з федеральним урядом Сполучених Штатів. Через поділ суверенітету між американським штатом і федеральним урядом США, американець є одночасно як громадянином федеральної республіки, так і штату його проживання. Для добровільного переміщення між штатами не потрібний дозвіл, в той час як екстрадиція з одного штату до іншого вимагає юридичної процедури. При цьому за Конституцією США громадянам кожного штату надаються всі привілеї і пільги громадян інших штатів.

Список штатів* Америки(штати розташовані в алфавітному порядку)

1.Айдахо - State of Idaho; 2. Айова - State of Iowa; 3. Алабама - State of Alabama; 4. Аляска -State of Alaska; 5. Аризона - State of Arizona; 6. Арканзас - State of Arkansas; 7. Вайомінг - State of Wyoming; 8. Вашингтон - State of Washington; 9. Вермонт - State of Vermont; 10. Вірджинія - Commonwealth of Virginia; 11. Вісконсин - State of Wisconsin; 12. Гаваї -  Hawai`i, State of Hawaii; 13. Делавер - State of Delaware; 14. Джорджія - State of Georgia; 15. Західна Вірджинія - State of West Virginia; 16. Іллінойс - State of Illinois; 17. Індіана - State of Indiana; 18. Каліфорнія - State of California; 19. Канзас - State of Kansas; 20. Кентуккі - Commonwealth of Kentucky; 21. Колорадо - State of Colorado; 22. Коннектикут - State of Connecticut; 23. Луїзіана - State of Louisiana; 24. Массачусетс - Commonwealth of Massachusetts; 25. Мен - State of Maine; 26. Меріленд - State of Maryland; 27. Міннесота - State of Minnesota; 28. Міссісіпі - State of Mississippi; 29. Міссурі - State of Missouri; 30. Мічиган - State of Michigan; 31. Монтана - State of Montana; 32. Небраска - State of Nebraska; 33. Невада - State of Nevada; 34. Нью-Йорк - State of New York; 35. Нью-Гемпшир - State of New Hampshire; 36. Нью-Джерсі - State of New Jersey; 37. Нью-Мексико - State of New Mexico; 38. Огайо - State of Ohio; 39. Оклахома - State of Oklahoma; 40. Орегон - State of Oregon; 41. Пенсильванія - Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; 42. Південна Дакота - State of South Dakota; 43. Південна Кароліна - State of South Carolina; 44.  Північна Дакота - State of North Dakota; 45. Північна Кароліна - State of North Carolina; 46. Род-Айленд - State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; 47. Теннессі - State of Tennessee; 48. Техас - State of Texas; 49. Флорида - State of Florida; 50. Юта - State of Utah.

5. Brief History of the USA

The history of the USA dates back only to the 15^th century. In the 15^th century there was no USA at all. The present territory of the USA was divided among some countries. In the 15^th – 16^th centuries some territory of the USA belonged to Great Britain (northern and western lands); southern parts (California, Florida, New Mexico, Texas) belonged to Spain, then – to Mexico; the central part, the territory was called Louisiana – to France; Alaska was possessed by Russia; some territories remained to be under Indians control.

In 18^th century there were only thirteen Britain’s American colonies and they broke with Great Britain in 1776 and later were recognized as the new nation of the the United States of America, following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19^th”and 20^th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded their frontiers across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions.

There were three most dramatic experiences in the nation’s history: the Civil War (1861-1865), the Great Depression of the 1930s and Vietnam War of the 1960s – 70s.
After its victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the USA remains the world’s most powerful state. The economy is marked by steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and great advances in technology.

Nowadays USA is world’s third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India). It is about half the size of Russia or lightly larger than China or Brazil.

Vocabulary

advance – просунення вперед, прогрес, покращення
frontier – межа
powerful – потужний
steady – стабільний
to acquire – отримувати
to expand – розширять
to possess – мати
to remain – залишатись

to recognize – признавати
treaty – договір, конвенція
unemployment – безробіття

Questions

1.How many Britain’s American colonies were there in North America in the 18 th century?
2. When did the history of the USA begin?
3. When did the Civil War happen?
4. What were three most dramatic experiences in the USA history?
5. When did Vietnam War happen?
6. When did the Cold War finish?
7. When did the Great Depression happen?

Закріплення знань студентів:

Надайте відповіді на питання:

Questions

1. Where is the USA situated?

2. What countries does the USA border on?

3. Who discovered America?

4. What is the climate of the country?

5. What can you say about the Constitution of the USA?

6. What American dishes can you name?

7. What three branches is the government of the United States composed of?

8. What is the capital of the USA?

9. Where is the city located?

10. Why are the buildings in Washington not tall?

11. What places of interest in Washington do you know?

12. Where do the members of the Congress discuss the nation‘s affairs?

13. What territory does the USA occupy?

14. Did Columbus know what land he had reached in 1492?

15. Why is climate different in the United States?

16. What is the leading import commodity in the country?

17. What is the political system of the USA?

18. When was Washington founded?

19. Who designed the capital of the USA?

20. Why are there no skyscrapers in Washington?

21. How can you prove that the weather is changeable in Washington?

22. How can you characterize the city as a cultural centre?

23. What do people often call American flag?

24. What are the colours of the American flag?

25. How many stripes has the flag got?

26. What is the national emblem?

27. Where is the statue of Liberty placed?

28. What country was the gift to the USA from?

Literature: [1], c.104.