The 8th form test: COUNTRIES, PEOPLE, LIFESTYLES: THE UK AND UKRAINE VARIANT 1.
THE LAND OF GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is situated off the north-west coast of Europe. (1) ____________. Their capitals are London, Edinburg, Cardiff and Belfast.
The UK is an island country. The 2 main islands are Great Britain (where England, Scotland and Wales are situated) and Ireland. (2) __________. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.
The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The UK is also washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.
The area of the UK is 244,100 square kilometres. The most important rivers are the Thames, the Severn and the Clyde. (3) ___________. There are mountains in the UK, but they are not very high. The Grampian Mountains are a mountain range of central Scotland. (4) ___________. Ben Nevis (1343,8 m) is the highest peak.
The Pennines are a low-raising mountain range in northern England Scotland. (5)______
There are the Cambrian Mountains in Wales.
More than 57 million people live in Britain. Many of them live in big industrial cities like London. Manchester and Liverpool, for example, are big industrial cities in the centre of England. But foreigners are often surprised by the fact that much of land in Britain is open country. (6) ___________.
The flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack. It is made up of three crosses: the cross of st.George (the patron saint of England), the cross of st.Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of st.Patrick ( the patron saint of Ireland).
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The 8th form test: COUNTRIES, PEOPLE, LIFESTYLES: UKRAINE
VARIANT 2
THE GEPGRAPHICAL POSITION OF UKRAINE
The territory of Ukraine is about 603,700 thousand square kilometres. Our country stretches for 1300 km from east to west and 900 km from north to south. The country is situated in the centre of Europe. It borders on Russia, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and Belarus. The geographical position of Ukraine is ideal for the development of its economyndue to the natural resources, too.
We find the Carpathian Mountains with the highest peak Hoverla (2,061 m)in the west of Ukraine. The Carpathians are very young mountains. They are characterized by flat summits and gentle slopes. The flat area of the treeless summit is called a polonyna.
3)_______________________________________________________
Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in the south. The main ports are Odesa, Kherson, Mykolayiv and Sevastopol. Ukraine has over 131 rivers. The largest rivers are the Dnipro, the Dniester, the Danube, the Southern Buh, the Siverskiy Donets and the Tysa. There are over 3000 lakes throughout Ukraine. The largest freshwater lakes are Lake Yalpuh and Lake Svytyaz.
4)___________________________________________
Ukraine consists of 24 regions and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The regions are: Vinnitsa, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Zakarpattya, Zaporizhzhya, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv,Kirovograd, Luhansk, Lvil, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sumy, Ternopil, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnitskiy, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi and Volyn. The cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol have a special status set by the laws of Ukraine. Kyiv is the capital of Ukraine.
5)____________________________________________
The climate of Ukraine is different in various parts of the country. The Carpathians and the Crimean Mountains protect the country from the bitter winds. The climate along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov is much warmer than the climate of the rest of the country. Summer is hot here and winter is mild. The climate of the Crimea is subtropical. Summer is hot and dry. Winter is more often rainy than snowy. There are a lot of evergreen trees and bushes there. The rest of Ukraine’s territory has a moderately continental climate. It has become milder and warmer recently. The highest rainfall is observed in the western part of Ukraine, in the Carpathians. This is the wettest place in Ukraine.
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