Матеріал до уроку "Teen generation. Tattoo"

TEEN GENERATION. TATTOO (reading).

VOCABULARY

autoclave - автоклав

bandaging -- перев'язка

belong - належати

chisel - різець

contribute - сприяти

credentials - вірчі грамоти

disposable - одноразовий

ink - чорнило

involve - включати

pick - сколупувати

pinch – щипати

pins and needles - поколювання

prevent – попереджати

prick - проколювати

puncture - прокол

rake - граблі

rebellion (rebellious) – повстання (неслухняний)

regret - шкодувати

require - потребувати

scab - кірка

seeker - шукач

sensation - відчуття.

sew (sewing, sewn) - шити

shading - ретушування

shallow - поверховий

soot - caжа

steam - пара

sting - укус

thread - нитка

tickling - лоскотання

tolerance - терпимість

transmit - передавати

tube – тюбик

uneven - нерівний

uniformity - одноманітність

       People describe the sensation of getting a tattoo as similar to bee stings, sunburn or being pinched. Some say they experience a slight tickling or "pins and needles". Individual pain tolerance, the size and type of tattoo, and the skill of the artist all contribute to the amount of pain. Location also makes a difference - skin right over a bone is more sensitive.

      Some Americans with tattoos say they feel sexier (34%) and more attractive (26%). Many who don't have tattoos, however, think people who do have them are less attractive (42%), more rebellious (57%) and less intelligent (31%).

1. When receiving a tattoo, your skin is pricked between 50 and 3,000 times per minute by a needle in the tattoo machine.

2. Tattoo machines have been around since the late 19th century, and surprisingly, they haven't changed much in 100 years.

3. Most tattoo machines consist of four parts:

- the needle;

- the tube that holds ink:

- an electric motor;

- a foot pedal to control the movement, similar to how a sewing machine works.

4. Sterilization and disposable materials are very important, as tattoos are created by thousands of puncture marks to the skin, each of which could become infected.

5. The autoclave is a popular way to sterilize any tattoo equipment that isn't disposable. A combination of heat, steam and pressure kills all bacteria and organisms to prevent infection.

6. Ancient tattoo methods involved picks, rakes and chisels. In some cases, a soot-covered thread was sewn through the skin.

7. Tattoos may be quite expensive.

8. Though tattoos are sometimes associated with rebellion, uniformity is necessary when it comes to application: too-deep punctures result in pain and bleeding, while too-shallow ones create uneven lines.

9. The tattoo process has four basic steps: outlining, shading, color, cleaning and bandaging.

10. Tattoo seekers can expect to feel some pain: the process has been described as similar to bee stings or sunburns. Placement, size, type and artist skill, however, can all make a difference.

11. Unclean tattooing practices can transmit

diseases such as syphilis, hepatitis B and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

12. Some pigments used in tattoos contain metal, which can cause pain during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test, or even affect the MRI images as a result.

13. Get some background information on your tattoo artist. Ask to see that they have a license. Tattoo artists don't have to belong to professional organizations, but those who do are usually the most up-to-date on information and trends in the industry.

14. Look through books of tattoo artists’ work, or watch them apply other tattoos.

Even if they have all of the proper credentials and follow safety rules, they may not be much of an artist.

15. After receiving a tattoo, ask your artist if they have a sheet that describes the required aftercare. Infected tattoos can be painful and dangerous.

16. Think carefully beforehand about what kind of tattoo you'd like to have; almost a fifth of people with tattoos regret getting one, usually because it contains a name.

17. Scabs after a tattoo are OK - don't pick at them because they should fall off on their own within three weeks - but if you start to see signs of an infection, see a doctor.