Опублікація квантова теорія фізики перевод

Theory of quantum physics.

Postgraduate student, Doctor of Philosophy Danilova I.V.

Department of Methods of Physics

Kyiv, State Pedagogical Dragomanov University

Key words: theory of quantum physics, field, history of quantum field, classical theory.

Today this theory is very relevant.

Purpose of research: to investigate this theory in more detail.

Object of research: quantum field theory, interesting facts. To improve and optimize this theory for today. Quantum field theory is a field of modern physics that describes the basic properties and processes of interaction of elementary particles, from which all physical objects of the world are built. The main provisions of this theory were formulated in the middle of the twentieth century. It united the relativistic ideas developed by Albert Einstein in the theory of relativity and quantum ideas that appeared in physics with the birth of the theory of the atom, created by Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schroedinger and Paul Dirac in the 1920s. Quantum field theory is based on the idea of the existence of elementary particles, the properties of which are described by the theory of relativity, and which in physical processes occurring in the microcosm are born and destroyed as a whole, while the values of their physical characteristics are strictly fixed, quantized.

In the classical theory, the formation of which was mainly completed by the beginning of the twentieth century, the physical picture of the world consists of two elements - particles and fields. Particles are small lumps of matter moving according to the laws of Newton's classical mechanics. Each of them has 6 degrees of freedom: three of them are spatial coordinates, for example {\displaystyle x,y,z}, the other three - set the momentum or momentum.

History of appearance Quantum theory is not just another of countless sciences. This is the science that became the basis of the technotronic era, led to a revision of the philosophy of knowledge, influenced the policy of entire states. By right, the science of quanta can be compared only with such flights of thought as the Copernican system, Newton's laws, the doctrine of electricity. Perhaps, it is no exaggeration to say that quantum theory is the basis of modern natural science of technological development of civilization.

Conclusion:Quantum field theory as a generalization of quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics has successfully solved an important problem - the problem of the atom, and also gave the key to understanding many other mysteries of the microcosm. But at the same time, the "oldest" of the fields - the electromagnetic field - was described in this theory by Maxwell's classical equations, that is, it was considered essentially as a classical continuous field.

Literature

1.Peskin M., Schroeder D. Introduction to quantum field theory = An IntroductionTo Quantum Field Theory: RCD, 2001. - 784 p.

2.Preparata J. Realistic quantum physics = An Introduction to a Realistic Quantum Physics. - M.-Izhevsk: IKI, 2005. - 124 p.

3.Ryder L. Quantum field theory = Quantum Field Theory. - M.: .Mir, 1987. - 512 p.