Презентація до уроку на тему "З історіїї США" в 10 класі

Do you agree with these words? Is the United States an old or a young country? What dates and events are meaningful in the history of America?

Marco Polo Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Fernando Magellan James Cook Fabian Bellingshausen David Livingstone Khariton Laptev

Marco Polo Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Fernando Magellan James Cook Fabian Bellingshausen David Livingstone Khariton Laptev Travelled from Venice to China; crossing the Indian Ocean visited the southern countries of Asia. Travelled from Portugal along the African coast to India. Started his journey from Spain, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, discovered many islands near the south-eastern coast of America. Started in Europe, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, travelled along the southern coast of South America, crossed the Pacific and the Indian Oceans and travelled along the western coast of Africa and came back to Europe. Discovered Australia and New Zealand in the 18th century and made a round-world journey. Travelled to the North Pole Discovered Antarctic Studied the central and southern part of Africa

Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. He was born in Italy. His father and grandfather were cloth makers. Columbus was a seaman and made many sea voyages. Most people in Columbus’s days thought that the earth was flat and they didn’t believe that beyond the Atlantic Ocean lay India. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. He decided to sail west as he was sure that our planet was round. There were 3 caravels: the Santa Maria, The Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4000 miles he reached some land. The crew saw something like a white cliff and cried out:”Tierra! Tierra!”. Columbus thought that it must be India but it wasn’t. It was America. Columbus named the land they had reached San Salvador (Holy Saviour). People began to speak about the land as “The New World”. European people came to the New World for many reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring the Christian religion to the Indians. Among those who came for freedom was a small group of English people called Pilgrims. They wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in England. They set up a colony and called that part of the country “New England”.

Finish the sentences: Christopher Columbus discovered…………in………. He was a seaman and……………… In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain………………. He decided to sail west because……………………. After sailing 4000 miles………………………… Columbus thought that it must be India but……………………… European people came to the New World to………………………. A small group of English people called Pilgrims wanted to……………

Before the first Europeans came to North America Native Americans, sometimes called Indians, were living there. Modern America was created by the early European settlers and by many immigrants who followed them. The first colony in North America was founded in 1607 at Jamestown, Virginia, by the British. In 1620 English Puritans, known as the Pilgrim Fathers arrived to America on the ship Mayflower to escape religious persecution for their opposition to the Church of England. They founded Plymouth Colony in what later became Massachusetts.

By 1733 English settlers had founded 13 colonies along the Atlantic Coast. Over time the colonists were unhappy about having laws and taxes imposed by Britain and began to want more control over their affairs. The War of Revolution broke out in 1775, and the following year the colonists wrote the Declaration of Independence, which explained their reasons for wanting to separate from Britain. At times it seemed that the colonists would lose the war, but in late 1781 the British surrendered.

Listen to the text” American Independence”. Put “+” next to the true sentences and “–“ next to the false ones. 1.At the beginning of the 18th century the whole of the Eastern coast of North America had been colonized by the British. 2.The main task was to supply the mother country with raw materials and not compete in manufacturing. 3.The British Government reduce its pressure on the colonies. 4.The British Government granted the East India Company the right of tax-free export of tea to the colonies. 5.The first cargoes of this tea arrived in Boston harbour. 6.The American Patriots boarded the ships on the night of 16 September 1770 and threw the tea into the sea. (False) (True) (False) (True) (True) (False)

7. Representatives from every colony met in Philadelphia in September 1774 and replied a trade embargo on Britain. 8. After the second meeting the colonists made George Washington their commander-in-chief. 9. The formal Declaration of Independence was made on 4 July 1776. 10. The American War of Independence lasted over seven years. 11. The Americans won the Battle of Saratoga in October 1778. 12. The peace settlement was signed in 1783 and recognized the independence, freedom and sovereignty of 13 colonies. (False) (True) (True) (False) (False) (True)

The Boston Tea Party The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Saratoga The Declaration of Independence The colonists’ first meeting in Philadelphia Put the following events in their correct chronological order: 1 2 3 4 5

Creating a single government for the 13 colonies was not easy, as each was afraid of giving the others too much power. A Constitutional Convention was held, and in 1787 the Founding Fathers, among them Thomas Jefferson, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, wrote the Constitution, which set out how the US would be governed. At first people believed that the US was meant to extend its influence over the whole continent. Sometimes the US bought land, as it happened with Louisiana Purchase of 1803, when France sold its territory in North America. But the US fought a war against Mexico to win land in the South-west, and took land by force from Native Americans.

Pioneers moved west to find new land to farm and lived a hard life. Away from centers of government, there was little law enforcement. This led to the famous image of the Wild West end stories of sheriffs involved in gun battles with violent criminals. During the gold rush, many people moved to California and later to the Klondike in Canada. Some went as prospectors, but many others found that they could make smaller but safer profits selling supplies.

As new lands were settled and became states, the issue of slavery became important. In the southern states slaves worked on the cotton plantations. In the North slavery was illegal. After Abraham Lincoln, a foe of slavery, was elected President in 1860, 11 states left the Union and proclaimed themselves an independent state, the Confederate States of America. The American Civil War, a war between the North and the South, had begun. But in 1865 the North won. The Civil War put an end to slavery. The South again became part of the US and slavery was made illegal everywhere.

Answer the questions: 1.Who was living in North America before the first Europeans came there? 2.Who founded the first colony? Where did it happen? 3.Who came on the Mayflower? 4.Why were the colonies unhappy? 5.What was the aim of the Declaration of Independence? 6.Who were the Founding Fathers and why were they called so? 7.What was the golden rush? 8.What was the reason of the Civil War? When did it happen? Who won?

Industrial development had helped the North to win the Civil War, and after the war industry continued to grow. Many factory workers were immigrants who came there looking for a better life. Working conditions were often hard and dangerous. In the early 1900s labour unions tried to change the law so that employers paid the decent wage and factories were safer. The wealthy now had the opportunity to buy cars. There were a wide choice of makers by David Buick, Henry Ford and Walter Chrysler. The early 1900s was also a time of building. In Chicago and New York skyscrapers were constructed. The Chrysler Corporation built its new headquarters, the now famous Chrysler Building, and soon after, in 1929, just before the beginning of the Great Depression, work began on the Empire State Building, for many years the tallest in the world.

The next decades were difficult ones for the US. Americans had long believed they should not become involved in foreign wars, though they had entered World War I. As the Depression was ending, the US became involved in World War II. After the war, soldiers returned home to a very different America. Factories were producing many more goods to buy. Women who had worked during the war wanted to keep their jobs. African Americans and Native Americans, who had fought alongside white soldiers, began to demand equal rights. Soon, America was opposing the USSR in the Cold War. America was also becoming involved in Vietnam. In 1963, the assassination of President Kennedy shocked the world.

In the 1960s there were many social changes. Laws allow African Americans to use restaurants, schools, etc. previously reserved for the white. Clothing also changed: women’s skirts became very short, also both men and women began to wear jeans, once considered appropriate only for heavy work. In the 1980s there was a reaction to these liberal ideas, but the changes of the 1960s and 1970s have had a lasting effect, and now almost everyone accepts the principles of equal rights and opportunity, and considerable personal freedom.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: ---------------------had helped the North to win the Civil War. Native Americans Industrial development Immigrants from Europe 2. Many factory workers were immigrants who came to the US--------------- looking for a better life. trying to escape from police. looking for an easy life. 3. The wealthy people now had the opportunity------------ to travel all over the world. to send their children to universities. to buy cars. 4. --------------------for many years used to be the tallest building in the world. The Chrysler Building The Empire State Building The Capitol 5. In the 1960s there were many -----------------------changes. political cultural social 6. People began to wear jeans, once considered appropriate only for------------- heavy work. schools and colleges. ceremonial events.

1607 - 1620 - 1733 – 1775 - 1781 – 1787 - 1803 - 1861 – 1865 – 1929 - 1963 - the first colony was founded the Pilgrims arrived to America by that time 13 colonies had been found the war of Revolution broke out the British surrendered the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution France sold its territory (Louisiana Purchase) in North America the American Civil War between the North and the South the Empire State Building has been built the President Kennedy was shot Write which events took place at this period of time:

Agree or disagree with the words: “Those who forget the past, have no future.” I think ... To my mind … In my opinion … It seems to me … I agree with … I share your point of view ... I’m of the same opinion … I disagree with … I’m against …

American Independence   By the end of the 18th century, the whole of the Eastern coast of North America had been colonized, largely by the British. The guiding principle for these colonies was that they should supply the mother country with raw materials and not compete in manufacturing. The British Government increased its pressure on the colonies and put all possible obstacles in the way of their independent industrial development and trade. The British Government granted the East India Company the right of tax-free export of tea to the colonies. It caused indignation among the colonists so, when the first cargoes of this tea arrived in Boston harbour, the American Patriots boarded the three ships on the night of 16 December 1773 and threw the tea into the sea—the famous Boston Tea Party. Parliament closed Boston harbour. Representatives from every colony except Georgia met in Philadelphia in September 1774 and replied a trade embargo on Britain. As war became inevitable, the colonists met for a second time in Philadelphia in May 1776 and made George Washington their commander-in-chief. The formal Declaration of Independence was made on 4 July 1776. The American War of Independence lasted over 6 years. The French entered the war, providing military and economic help, after the American victory in the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777. The fighting ended when Washington, aided by the French army and navy, surrounded the British forces at Yorktown in October 1781. The peace settlement signed two years later recognized the independence, freedom and sovereignty of the thirteen colonies.

The first settlers In November, 1620, a small ship, the Mayflower, left England. There were about one hundred people abroad the ship who were running away from the cruelty of the king. For 7 long weeks the Mayflower was in the waves and storms of the Atlantic Ocean, and at last the people saw land. It was America. It was already autumn. It was raining, and a cold wind was blowing. 16 men left the Mayflower and went ashore. In the evening they came back to the ship and brought some corn with them. They found the corn on the beach where the Indians had left it. Nobody in Europe had seen corn then, but when the people on board the Mayflower tried it, they liked it very much. During the next 5 weeks the men from the Mayflower left the ship every day. They were looking for a good place to live. The weather was very cold, more and more men fell ill, but at last they found a good place. There was a good harbour for ships there, some fields and forests near it and even a small river. The people began to build a village there. By January, 1621, there were already two streets in this village, and they called it “New Plymouth”. But in winter the people were cold, they didn’t have enough to eat. Many of them died. When the houses were ready, the life became easier. One day the people of the village suddenly saw a tall Indian walking along the street. He smiled and said, “Hallo,Yankee!” This Indian could speak English a little. He had learnt it from the sailors of a ship which had come to this part of America a few years before. Few days later this Indian came to the village again together with some other Indians. They came as friends and helped the white men very much. But white men forgot about his help very quickly. A few years later, when many people from Europe came to America, they began to take the land away from the Indians and to kill them. Many thousands of people from different countries in the world come to new Plymouth to see the rock which reaches the sea. They take off the hats, stand there and think about the brave men and women who more than 300 years ago came here to begin a new life. American people say that out of this small village they had built grew a big country-the United States of America.

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