Система освіти в Україні, США, Великобританії, Канаді, Австралії. Відомі університети світу. Дата відкриття і засновники.
Education– освіта. Knowledge - знання. Kindergarten – дитячий садок. Classmate – однокласник. Deputyhead – заступник директора. Teachingstuff–навчальний матеріал. Headteacher– директор. Library – бібліотека. Assemblyhall – актовийзал. Curriculum – навчальна програма. Study – навчатися. Subject - предмет
economics – економіка geography – географія history – історія mathematics, math – математика physical education – фізична підготовка/освіта psychology – психологія science - наука biology - біологія chemistry - хімія botany - ботаніка physics - фізика sociology - соціологія technology - технологія
The system of secondary education in Ukraine includes primary forms and junior and senior secondary forms. Children usually go to school at the age of 6 or 7. Primary forms comprise 1 to 4 forms. Junior secondary forms comprise 5 to 9 forms. After the 9 th form children can enter technical schools of different types. Those who want to enter higher educational institution should complete 10-11 forms.
At the age of 7 English school children go to junior schools. They do many subjects: English and Maths, Natural, History and Drawing, Handicrafts, French and Latin. They do not go to school early as we do. But they stay there longer. The first lesson usualy starts at 9 o`clock. There are 3 lessonswith short breaks of ten minutes between them and then an hour break for lunch. After lunch they have too more lessons are over by half past three. If you have a look at an English pupils school record you will see that the marks in it differ from the marks we have. Our school children get marks from 1 to 12. At English school there are marks from 1 up to 10 and at some schools from 1 up to 100. Junior school ends at the age of 11 when pupils take the Eleven Plus examination and then secondary school begins.
The American system of school education differs from the systems in other countries. There are state public schools, private elementary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are feepaying. Each state has its own system of public schools. Elementary education begins at the age of 6 or 7, when a child goes to the first form. At the age of 16 schoolchildren leave the elementary school and may continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools, as they call them. The programme of studies in the elementary school includes English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural sciences, etc. Sometimes they learn foreign language and general history. Besides giving general education some high schools teach subjects useful to those who hope to find jobs in industry and agriculture or who want to enter colleges or universities.
The school system of Canada is very much like the one in the USA, but there are certain differences. Education in Canada is general and compulsory for children from 6 to 16 years old, and in some provinces – to 14. It is within the competence of the local authorities, and therefore it may differ from province to province. For example, Newfoundland has an 11-grade system. Some other provinces have 12-grade systems, and Ontario has even a 13-grade system. Grades 1-6 are usually elementary schools, and grades 7-12 are secondary schools. In some provinces there is kindergarten year before the first grade.
There exist a centralized national system of education in Australia. The top of this system is the Federal Ministry of Education. But there are still many differences in the structure the curricula of schools in different states. There exists two types of schools in the country: state schools and private schools. Tuition in state scools is free of charge. Private schools charge rather high fees. 80% of Australian children go to state school, and only 20% attend fee-paying schools. School education is obligatory for all children from 6 to 15 years.