Презентація "Participle"

Prepared by an English teacher O.A. Lepert Shostka School 1

Plan Tense forms The functions Complex Object Complex Subject The Absolute Participle Complex

Tense forms Tense forms Participle I Participle II Active Voice Passive Voice Indefinite reading being being read read been Perfect having read having been having been read

The functions Present Participle Indefinite Active is used as an attribute and as an adverbial modifier. e.g. Entering the room, he saw the guests there. The girl pointed to a group of women sitting in the corner of the room. Present Participle Indefinite Passive is mostly used as an adverbial modifier, sometimes as an attribute. e.g. Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to read. The plant being built in our town will produce motor-cycles.

The only function of Perfect Participle is that of adverbial modifiers. e.g. Having written the letter, the girl went to the post-office. Having been made 20 years ago, the machine is out of date. Past Participle is mostly used as an attribute. It can also be used as a predicative and an adverbial modifier. e.g. When praised, he was ill at ease. When he came into the room, the window was broken.

An attribute expressed by a participle which has accompanying words is placed after the noun it modifies. If a participle in the function of an attribute has no accompanying words it is usually placed before the noun it modifies. e.g. He is a well-known writer. The children danced round the beautifully decorated tree.

Complex Object The Objective Participle Complex consists of a noun in the Common Case or personal pronoun in the Objective Case and a participle. The first part of the complex (the noun or pronoun) denotes the subject or the object of the action expressed by the participle. noun pronoun Participle I Participle II

1. After verbs to see, to hear, to feel, to observe, to notice, to find. I saw her coming across the street. I watched the snow falling. She found the old man seating near his house. I saw the eyes of the doctor turned up on me. P I P II 2. After verb to want. I want him changed. P II 3. After verbs to consider, to believe, to think, to find, to expect, to suppose. She considered herself deceived. P II 4. After verbs to get, to have. I want to have a new dress made. I want to have my hair cut. P II

The Subjective Participle Complex consists of a noun in the Common Case or a personal pronoun in the Nominative Case and a participle which stands in predicate relation to the noun or pronoun. Participle I Participle II Complex Subject

1. After verbs to see, to hear, to feel, to observe, to notice, to think, to watch. A plane was heard flying high in the sky. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. A car was heard to stop outside the door. P I P II 3. After verbs to consider, to believe, to find. The work was considered finished. These devices are considered to be very effective. The poem is believed to have been written by Byron. P II

The Absolute Participle Complex The Absolute Participle Complex is a construction in which a participle has its own subject expressed by a noun in the Common Case or a personal pronoun in the Nominative Case. The Absolute Participle Complex is used in the function of adverbial modifiers of time, cause, manner, or attending circumstances and condition. e.g. The rain having stopped we went home. The day being very fine, she went for a walk. Weather permitting, we’ll spend our day off in the forest.

In the Absolute Participle Complex all the forms of the Participle are used. e.g. The letter being written, I went to post it. They went quickly out of the house, Jude accompanying her to the station. Her face smiling, she came into the room.

The Absolute Participle Complex may be introduced by the preposition with. In this case it is used in the function of adverbial modifiers of manner, or attending circumstances. e.g. She was sitting on the ground, with her head and one arm lying on a chair. He was standing, with his arms crossed and his head bent.