Relative Clauses in English

Relative Clauses. Teacher: Daria Ishchenko

Relative clauses are part of a complex sentence that describes a noun (person, object, or phenomenon) that has been mentioned before. They serve as a definition and answer the question ‘which one?’.

1. Relative Pronouns. The choice of word depends on who or what we are talking about: Слово. Для чого використовуємо. Приклад. Who. Для людей. The man who lives next door is a doctor. Which. Для предметів і тварин. This is the book which I bought yesterday. That. Для людей, предметів і тварин. The car that (which) she drives is red. Whose. Для позначення приналежності (чий)A girl whose brother is my friend. Whom. Для людей (як додаток, офіційний стиль)The person whom you called is busy.

2. Types of subordinate clauses. This is the most important point because it affects punctuation (commas) and meaning. Defining Relative Clauses. They provide essential information. Without this part of the sentence, it makes no sense. Commas are not used. You can replace who or which with that. Example: "The students who study hard pass the exams."

Non-defining Relative Clauses. They provide additional information. Removing them does not change the meaning of the sentence. They are always set off by commas. Do not use the word that. Example: "My brother, who lives in London, is a chef."

3. When can you omit a connecting word?You can simply drop who/which/that if it is a complement (i.e., it is followed by another subject - I, you, he, etc.).✅ "The film (that) I watched was great." - You can omit it (I is the subject).❌ "The man who called you is here." - Cannot be omitted (who is the subject).

4. Relative Adverbs. Sometimes we use words that indicate time, place or reason instead of pronouns: Where (for places): The hotel where we stayed. When (for time): The day when we met. Why (for reasons): The reason why he left.

Exercises

Ex.1. Write down the correct option to complete the sentences below1. Did you really understand __________ I told you?2. Mr. Dean, ___________had recently been fired, had a long list of misconducts.3. The victims, most of ___________were adults, are being identified by the US authorities.4. I like the scene ___________Dorothy meets Scarecrow.5. This is the man _____________I am in love with.6. I wasn't honest with Kenneth, ______________made him furious.7. The chancellor, ___________sons were arrested in the corruption operation, resigned yesterday.8. The police searched the vehicle _____________the gun was found.9. The driver, __________contract finishes at the end of the season, doesn't want to talk about his future.10. Between 2000 and 2005, she wrote three novels, _____________was published.

Ex.2. Defining relative clauses: Who, which, that, where1. I have a friend ________speaks four languages.2. The Internet is a place __________you can get cheap technology products.3. E-mails _________advertise things are called "spam".4. A "technophobe" is someone _______is scared of technology.5. We should only buy products _______can be recycled.6. That's the shop _______I bought those shoes.7. I can't find the CD _______I borrowed from you.8. Do you remember the park ______we met?9. There were three people at the party _______knew me.10. I want to see the film _______everybody's talking about.

Ex.3. Write down the correct option to complete the sentences below

Ex.4, 5

Ex.6.

Домашнє завдання: Вивчити правило;Впр.4-6 виконати письмово (слайди 12,13)Повторити граматичні теми, бо за ними буде залікова робота: Pronouns and possessive determiners;Relative Clauses (за ІІ семестр)Present та Past Perfect, Present та Past Perfect Continuous (за І семестр)4. Виконайте тест за посиланням у класрумі5. Виконайте завдання самостійної роботи