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Conditionals

Conditionals are the clauses introduced with IF. There are three types of conditional clause: Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. There is also another common type, Type 0. Type 0 Conditionals. They are used to express something which is always true. We can use when (whenever) instead of if.e.g. If the sun shines, snow melts. When the sun shines, snow melts.

Type 0 Conditionals. How to form. If + present simple, present simple. If ____ V/Vs, _____ V/Vs. If it rains, everything gets wet. If the temperature falls below 0 C, water turns into ice. If ___ don’t/ doesn’t +V, ___ don’t/ doesn’t +V. If the plants don’t get enough water, they don’t bloom.

Type 1 Conditionals. They are used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future.e.g. If he doesn’t study hard, he won’t pass his exam. If the weather is fine, we’ll be able to play tennis.

Type 1 Conditionals. How to form. If + present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, future/ imperative/ modals + bare infinitive. The situation is real or likely to happen in the present or future. If ____ V/Vs, ____ will V. If ____ don’t/ doesn’t V, ____ won’t V.e.g. If mom doesn’t cook anything today, we won’t have dinner. If he doesn’t pay the fine, he will go to prison. If you need help, come to see me. If you have finished your work, we can have a break. If you are ever in the area, you should come and visit us.

Type 2 Conditionals (unreal present)They are used to express imaginary, unreal or hypothetical situations which are contrary to facts in the present and, therefore, are unlikely to happen in the future.e.g. If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car and I would go on holiday to a tropical island next summer. If I were you, I wouldn’t do such stupid things.

Type 2 Conditionals. How to form. If + past simple or past continuous, would/could/might + bare infinitive. The situation is unreal, imaginary or hypothetical and contrary to facts in the present; also it is used to give advice. If ____ Ved/ V2, ____ would VIf ___ didn’t V, _____ wouldn’t V.e.g. If I had time, I would take up sports. (but I don’t have time – untrue in the present)If I were you, I would talk to my parents about it. (giving advice)If he didn’t go there, he would never know the truth. If they were walking down the street at that moment, they would see that terrible accident.

Type 3 Conditionals (unreal past)They are used to express imaginary, unreal or hypothetical situations which are contrary to facts in the past. They are also used to express regrets or criticism.e.g. John got up late, so he missed the bus. If John hadn’t got up late, he would not have missed the bus.

Type 3 Conditionals How to form. If + past perfect or past perfect continuous, would/ could/ might + have + Ved/V3. The situation is imaginary, unreal or hypothetical about the past and contrary to facts in the past; also used to express regrets or criticism. If ___ had Ved/V3, ___ would have Ved/V3. If ___ hadn’t Ved/V3, ___ wouldn’t have Ved/V3.e.g. If she had studied harder, she would have passed the test. If he hadn’t been acting so foolishly, he wouldn’t have been punished.

Conditionals. Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the If-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). When If-clause comes before the main clause, the two parts of the sentence are separated with a comma. When the main clause comes before the If-clause, then no comma is necessary.e.g. If I see Tim, I will give him this book. I will give Tim this book if I see him.

Conditionals. We don’t normally use will, would or should in an if-clause. However, we can use will or would after if to make a polite request or express insistence or uncertainty (usually with expressions such as I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder, etc.) We can use should after if to talk about something which is possible, but not very likely to happen.e.g. A) If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go camping. B) If you will fill in this form, I’ll process your application. (Will you please fill in… - polite request)C) If you will not stop shouting, you’ll have to leave. (If you insist on shouting… - insistence)D) I don’t know if he will pass his exam. (uncertainty)E) If Tom should call, tell him I’ll be late. (We don’t think that Tom is very likely to call.)

Conditionals. We can use unless instead of if …not in the if-clause of Type 1 conditionals. The verb is always in the affirmative after unless.e.g. Unless you leave now, you will miss the bus.= If you don’t leave now, you will miss the bus. We use were instead of was for all persons in the if-clause of Type2 conditionals.e.g. If Rick were here, he could have a party. We use If I were you… when you want to give advice. If I were you, I wouldn’t complain about it.

Conditionals. The following expressions can be used instead of if: provided/ providing that, as long as, suppose/ supposing, etc.e.g. a) You can see Mr Carter provided you have an appointment. b) We will all have dinner together providing Mary comes on time.

Match the sentence parts. If you lie in the sun, you’ll get sunburned._lie in the sun don’t eat your breakfast don’t work hard eat too much miss the bus take this medicine don’t save your moneytake a taxi don’t listen in class get there soonerget sunburnednot be able to buy a bicyclebe hungrynot understand the homeworkget fatnot pass your exambe latesoon feel better

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Add a comma wherenecessary. If the dog_______ (keep) barking, the neighbours ________ (complain). The boss _______________ (be) angry if you __________ (arrive) late for work again. If you _________________________ (eat) too much you _______(be) sick. If the weather ________ (be) bad on Sunday we __________________(stay) at home. If you ___________ (study) hard you _______________________(pass) your exam. If a driver ______________ (brakе) suddenly on a wet road, he ________(skid). I _______________ (buy) you an ice cream if you _____________(say) please. If you _________________ (not be) careful you ___________________(fall). Ice ________________ (turn) to water if you _________________(heat) it. I’m sure they ________________ (steal) your car if you ____________(leave) it unlocked. If you _____________ (not like) the magazine, I ________________(bring) you another. 

Answer the questions.1. If you built a house, where would you build it? If I built a house, I’d build it in here. _____________2. If you wanted to give your money away, who would you give it to? _______________________________________3. If you took a long holiday, where would you go? _______________________________________4. If you wanted expensive clothes, where would you buy them? _______________________________________5. If you wanted a car, what kind would you buy? _______________________________________

Write a sentence with if for each situation. If ___Ved/V2, ___would VIf ___didn’t V, ___wouldn’t V1. We don’t see you very often because you live so far away. If you didn’t live so far away, we’d see you more often._____________2. This book is too expensive, so I’m not going to buy it. ___________________________________________________________________________3. We don’t go out very often – we can’t afford it. ___________________________________________________________________________4. I can’t meet you tomorrow – I have to work late. ___________________________________________________________________________5. It’s raining, so we can’t have lunch outside. ___________________________________________________________________________6. I don’t want his advice, and that’s why I’m not going to ask for it. ___________________________________________________________________________7. He lives near his work, so he is never late. ___________________________________________________________________________8. His French is good, so he reads French books in the original. ___________________________________________________________________________9. They have a maid, so they can enjoy themselves.___________________________________________________________________________10. She goes to bed early, so she always wakes up in time. ___________________________________________________________________________

What is your advice? What do you suggest? 1. IAN: I’m going to buy a new car. (suggest a make or a model of car: Ford, Metro. . . If I were you, I’d buy a_____________________2. ROSE: I want to paint the living room. But what colour? (suggest a colour) __________________________________________________________________________3. TOM: I’m going on holiday. (suggest a country) __________________________________________________________________________4. KATE: I have a headache. What shall I do? (suggest something to help) __________________________________________________________________________5. PAT: I want to see a good film. (suggest a film title) __________________________________________________________________________6. ANGELA: I’m thirsty. What can I have for a drink? (suggest something she can have) __________________________________________________________________________

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets1. If you ________________ (paint) the walls white, the room ________(be) much bigger.2. If fools _________ (wear) white caps, we would seem a flock of geese.3. If you ___________________ (change) your job, would it affect your salary?4. If I ______________ (win) a big prize, I’d give up my job.5. If there ________ (be) no fools, there ________ (be) no wise men. 6. If wishes _________ (be) fishes, you ________ (need) a whole ocean to hold all of mine. Happy Birthday! 7. What would you do if the lift _______________ (get) stuck between floors?8. If he ___________________ (not smoke) so much, he __________ (feel) much healthier.9. If the ice ___________ (be) thick enough, we _______ (be able to) to walk across the river.10. If he ever__________ (polish) his shoes, he ____ (look) smart.11. If he ________________ (not spend) hours watching television, he ________________ (have) time to do some jobs in the house.12. If we _____________ (have) any matches, we _______________ (light) a fire.13. If I _____________(have) heaps of money, I ________________(drink) champagne with every meal.14. If you _____________ (drink) champagne with every meal, you soon ____________ (get) tired of it.15. If I ______________ (be) John, I ________________ (marry) Amanda.

Put the verbs in brackets into the third conditional. If ___had Ved/V3, ___would have Ved/V3 If ___ hadn’t Ved/V3, ___would not have Ved/V3 If you ____________________ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you __________ (get) a seat. If I ____________ (realize) that the traffic lights were red, I _________________________(stop). If my friend ___________________ (know) my address, he _________ (find) my house. If he ___________________(know) that the river was dangerous, he _________ (not try) to swim across it. If you __________ (be) in such a hurry, you _____________________(not put) sugar into the soup instead of salt. We ______________________ (go) by air if we had had enough money. If he __________________ (study) more, he ____________________ (pass) his exam easily. If we ________________ (invite) them, they ______________________ (come) to our party. If she _________________ (wear) a raincoat, she _______________________ (not get wet). I _____________________ (can enter) the house if I _________________(not lose) my key. If she ______________ (have) some money on her, she __________________(can) buy a new dress. If you _______________ (write) the address properly, the parcel ________________(not get) lost.

You have a friend who is careless with his /her things. Write what would /wouldn’t have happened if he /she had /hadn’t done the following. Example: He left the suitcase unattended at an airport. It got stolen. If he hadn’t left his suitcase unattended, it wouldn’t have got stolen. 1. She forgot to lock the car. Her camera got stolen. ___________________________________________________________________________2. He left his wallet in a restaurant. It disappeared. ___________________________________________________________________________3. He didn’t lock the door of his flat. Thieves broke in. ___________________________________________________________________________4. She didn’t put her name on her suitcase. Someone took it by mistake. ___________________________________________________________________________5. He parked his car without lights. Another car ran into it. __________________________________________________________________________6. She left her parcels on the bus. Someone took them. ___________________________________________________________________________