Glossary of different words, used in phraseology.

Термин

Толкование на иностранном языке

Перевод

Literal meaning

The use of a word as it is defined in a dictionary rather than a figurative use.

Буквальне значення

Grammar

Grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.

Граматика

Idiomatic expression

An idiomatic expression are common phrases or sayings whose meanings cannot be understood by the individual words or elements.

Ідіоматичний вираз

Idiom

is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made.

Ідіома

Simile

is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things, usually by employing the words "like", "as".

Порівняння

Phraseology

is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meanings when used independently.

Фразеологія

Phraseological collocation

is a sub-type of phraseme.

Фразеологічний вираз

Phraseological unit

Are stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings

Фразеологізм

Phraseme

A set expression, set phrase, idiomatic phrase, multi-word expression, or idiom, is a multi-word or multi-morphemic utterance at least one of whose components is selectionally constrained or restricted by linguistic convention such that it is not freely chosen.

Фразема

Synonymity

the semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express the same meaning

Синонімічність

Antonymy

are words that lie in an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in the opposite pairs

Антонімія

Polysemy

is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) or signs to have multiple meanings

Полісемія

Homonymy

the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning or the relation between two words that are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning

Омонімія

Linguistics

is the scientific study of human language.

Лінгвістика

Slang

is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered more acceptable when used socially

Сленг

Syntax

is the study of the principles and rules for constructing phrases and sentences in natural languages.

Синтаксис

Combination

is a way of selecting several things out of a larger group, where order does not matter

Поєднання

Structure

is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature, and permanence of patterns and relationships of entities

Структура

Comparison

is a property of adjectives and adverbs in most languages; it describes systems that distinguish the degree to which the modifier modifies its complement.

Порівняння

Meaning

is what is intended to be expressed by the writer or speaker of a message or communication, and what is conveyed to the reader or listener.

Значення

Variation

in language use among speakers or groups of speakers is a principal concern. Such variation may occur in pronunciation (accent), word choice (lexicon), or even preferences for particular grammatical patterns

Варіативність

Imagery

in a literary text, occurs when an author uses an object that is not really there, in order to create a comparison between one that is, usually evoking a more meaningful visual experience for the reader.

Образність

Component

A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity

Компонент; складова частина

Dictionary

A reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered alphabetically and explaining each word's meaning and sometimes containing information on its etymology, usage, translations and other data.

Словник

Sentence

A grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop

Речення