Інтегрований урок "Great Geographical Discoveries. Columbus Day"

 Form: 8

Theme: Great Geographical Discoveries. Columbus Day.

Aims:

          1. to expand students’ vocabulary related to geographical discoveries;

          2. to develop integrated skills: speaking, reading and listening around the topic of Great Geographical                   Discoveries and Famous People;      

          3. to raise awareness of the both positive and negative impacts of Columbus’ expeditions to the New World

          4. to promote communication and collaborative skills;

           5. to develop critical thinking skills;

           6. to sustain students’ interest and motivation to learn History and English

Learning outcomes:

At the end of the lesson students will be able:

1. to recognize, understand the words and word-combinations when reading the texts
2. to identify the main ideas and details of the texts
3. to activate background knowledge of the topic
4. to speak exchanging opinions
5. to use their imagination

 

Type of the lesson: an integrated lesson with the use of the elements of staging

Equipment: educational online platforms (Mozabook, Plickers), video resources, handouts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lesson Plan

1. Warm up  

     Students enter the room and choose a card to know what group they belong to.

T: Today we are going to speak about one of the holidays which is connected with the name of a famous explorer. First, watch a short video. Then work in groups and be ready to discuss the questions. Read the questions. Is there any word you don’t know?

 

1. Where does the celebration take place? What makes you think so?
2. What are people doing?
3. What day are they celebrating?
4. What famous person does this holiday honor?

                      T: Let’s check the answers.

1. The celebration takes place in the USA or Italy. We can see a lot of Italian and American flags.
2. People are marching along the main street of the city, they are playing musical instruments, some of them are dancing or making somersaults. They are wearing fancy dresses.
3. They celebrate the day when Columbus discovered America. We can see a statue to Cristopher Columbus and some of his ships (The Nina and the Pinta) of this great explorer.
4. This holiday honors Christopher Columbus - a famous navigator and explorer.

 

T: This holiday honors Christopher Columbus’s landing in America on October 12, 1492. It is celebrated on the second Monday in October in some states in the USA, in some parts of Canada, in Puerto Rico, in some cities in Italy and Spain. It is called Columbus Day Or Discovery Day.

(“Columbus Day Parade held in Chicago”)

 

2.  Speaking (home task checking)

T: Did Christopher Columbus discover America?

T: Who were the first Europeans to set foot in America? Look at the blackboard. You can see some numbers. Do you remember how they are connected with the discovery of the continent?

500   982   25    35    1960   9    October 9th

T: We are going to watch the film about Leif Eriksson without sound. Be ready to tell us what is happening on the screen while watching. So, will you watch the film with or without the sound? Will you tell us about what is happening on the screen after watching or while watching?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3GM3F7JZ2c

Leif Eriksson

If you ask any schoolchild which European first set foot in America, you’ll probably get this answer: “It was Christopher Columbus in 1492”.

But this isn’t correct.

 We know that another great explorer did it 500 years earlier. That explorer was a viking called Leif Eriksson. This was the age when Vikings ruled. They were brave, bold, and adventurous, and lived in Scandinavia. One of them was Leif Eriksson, the son of another explorer, Erik the Red. Erik was born on the west coast of Norway. His nickname refers to the color of his hair. He had already spent some years in Iceland, but in the year of 982 A.D. he led an expedition to a new territory, establishing a settlement there that would last for hundreds of years. Erik the Red called this new land Greenland. He thought that giving it an attractive name would make it a desirable place to live. When Erik had a son, he was called Leif Eriksson in keeping with the viking tradition of adding the word son to the father’s name.

But Leif inherited more than just his father’s name. He had adventure and exploration in his blood. His father taught him the necessary skills to be an explorer: leadership and navigation. And so, at the age of 25, Leif Eriksson set sail with a crew of 35 men to explore the seas even further to the west going well beyond Greenland. He was sailing through uncharted waters without maps or a compass. Eventually Eriksson landed in a place he called Vinland. It is part of what we call now North America.

Eriksson’s achievement was celebrated for hundreds of years in Norse legends and stories.

But many people did not believe that it had really happened. Was it true that a viking could have beaten Columbus by 500 years? In 1960 the modern- day explorers found a Norse settlement at the Northern tip of Newfoundland in what is now Canada. The site has the remains of 9 houses, that are unmistakably Nordic in their design. The remains dated back from around 1000 A.D. exactly the time that Eriksson’s voyage had taken place. They also found some artifacts.

So, Leif Eriksson took his place in World history. In the USA, his achievement is remembered every year on October 9^th. And statues to the great explorer can be found in many American cities. Leif Eriksson, the viking, was the first European to set foot in America.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Quiz “What do we know about Christopher Columbus?”     (Plickers)

T: So, Columbus was not the first explorer to set foot in the Western Hemisphere, but his landing in the New World was very important as it opened the way for the settlement of America by Europeans. Let us see how much information you know about Columbus and his expeditions. Get ready to do the quiz. You will work individually.

Read the questions. Is there a word you don’t understand?

 

 

 

1. Where was Christopher Columbus born?

1. Italy
2. Spain
3. Portugal
4. France

2. When was he born?

1. 1351
2. 1451
3. 1551
4. 1651

3. The officials of what country helped Columbus to organize the expedition?

1. Italy
2. France
3. Portugal
4. Spain

4. Which ship did not belong to Columbus’ first expedition?

1. The Santa Maria
2. The Victoria
3. The Nina
4. The Pinta

5. How many voyages did Columbus make to the New World?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

 

 

Elicit the correct answers

 

1) Italy, 2)1451, 3) Spain, 4) The Victoria, 5)4

 

 

 

4. Scene “Columbus at the Spanish Royal Court” 

T: Let’s relax a little. I invite you to the theatre where you can become a witness of the events of 1492.

 

Christopher Columbus at the Spanish Court

 

Christopher Columbus

Queen Isabella of Castile

King Ferdinand of Aragon

The Eminence

 

I am Christopher Columbus, the son of a wool merchant, born in Genoa, Italy, in 1451.

I studied mathematics, astronomy, cartography and navigation in Lisbon. I had a plan that would change the world forever.

 It was nearly impossible to reach Asia from Europe by land. The route was long and hard. Portuguese explorers solved this problem by taking to the sea: They sailed south along the West African coast.

But I had a different idea: Why not sail west across the Atlantic?

I presented my plan in Portugal and England, but it was only in 1492 that I found a sympathetic audience: the Spanish monarchs.

I wanted fame and fortune. Ferdinand and Isabella wanted the same.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Eminence           Unfortunately, Senor Columbus, that is precisely where our

                                    opinions differ. Are you familiar with the works of Aristotel,

                                    Ptolemeus?

Columbus                   I am, your Eminence

The Eminence            So, you can’t ignore that according to their calculations the

                                    circumference of the Earth is approximately 22,000 leagues or

                                    more…… which makes the ocean uncrossable. But you ….. may have found some new evidence proving these great men of knowledge are totally mistaken!

Columbus                  Your Excellence, are you aware of Marin De Tyr?

King                            We are.

Columbus                   Then, you also know that his theories contradict Ptolemeus. De

                                    Tyr believes the ocean to be only 750 leagues. Toscanelli and the French cardinal both think De Tyr is accurate in his calculations. Therefore the ocean can be crossed!

King                            Let us suppose for a moment that De Tyr is right. In your             

                                    opinion, how long the voyage would take?

Columbus                   Seven weeks. Six during the summer months.

Eminence                   If De Tyr is wrong? He has been contradicted many times by

                                    the world’s finest geographers. Your voyage, senor Columbus would take a year.

King                            Suppose you cross the ocean and reach Asia, what would Spain 

                                    do there?

Columbus                  Trade! Your Excellency. According to Marco Polo China is oneof

                                   the richest lands in the world. Even the meanest buildings are

                                    roofed with gold.

Eminence                  Is it your only interest? Gold

Columbus                   No, I’ll bring these people to God and make them subjects of

                                    Castile and Aragon. Spain will become an Empire!!!!

                                    Asia can be found to the West and I’ll prove it!

Queen                         Come forward. I should not be listening to you since my council

                                    said not to. But my husband thinks you are not completely mad.

Columbus                  No more, than a woman who said she would take Granada from

                                    the Moors.

Queen                        They believe the ocean is uncrossable.

Columbus                  What did they say about Granada before today?

Queen                        That it was impregnable! But I can’t ignore my Council’s   verdict.

Columbus                  Surely You can do anything you want.

Queen                        How little you know. Why should I believe in you, senor

                                   Columbus?

Columbus                 May I speak freely?

Queen                       You are not inclined to speak otherwise.

Columbus                 I see someone who doesn’t accept the world as it is. Who is not

                                  Afraid. I see a woman who thinks….

Queen                       A woman?

Columbus                Forgive me. You are the only queen I know.

Queen                      That makes us equal, you are the only navigator I know. How old

                                 are you, senor Columbus?

Columbus               39, Your majesty. And You?

Queen                     I’m 40. You’ll be informed of Our decision.

 

Columbus leaves the room

Queen                    The cost would be ruinous.

King                        No more than the cost of two state banquets. Two banquets for new lands and spices and gold’

Queen                     What are you saying, Sanchez?

King                         That if he’s right we have everything to gain.

                                 And if he’s wrong we have so little to lose.

 

 

(from”1492: Conquest Of Paradise”)

 

 

 

 

5. Listening + Reading (gap filling)  (Mozabook)

T: Christopher Columbus was given three ships for his expedition.

 I invite you aboard the flagship of Christopher Columbus, the Santa Maria. It’s a caravel, a   new type of a ship due to which new geographical discoveries became possible.

Watch the video and say what happened to the flagship?

(The ship ran aground near Haiti on Christmas day in 1492.)

 

T: Read the text about the flagship and fill in the gaps with the missing words. Read the words before the text. Are there any words you don’t know? You’ve got 3 min.

Work in pairs and compare the answers with your partner. 1min

T: Watch the video again and check your answers.

 

 

Santa Maria      flagship      Spanish     1492        Juan de la Cosa       La Gallega        three-masted carrack        Portuguese    merchant and military purposes           the crew numbered 26

 

 The sailing ship 1) ____________ ____________ was the 2)___________ during Christopher Columbus’ first voyage. 3) _______________, that is, “The Galician”, was the original name of the ship that rose to fame through the landmark journey of 4) ________. The name probably originates in Galicia, Northern Spain, where the ship was built. The owner of the ship was 5) ____________________. It was a 6) _______________-____________ ______________, approximately 25 metres long and 8 metres wide with a cargo capacity of 180-240 tons. The squarish, capacious carrack is a 7) ____________ ship type that was used for both 8) ___________ ____________ ____________.

 

The deck consisted of several levels. During Columbus’ voyage, 9)_____________ ___________ _______ (including the discoverer of the New World and the owner).

 

Unfortunately, the Santa Maria, sailing under the 10) ___________ flag, did not survive world-famous journey. The ship ran aground near Haiti on Christmas day in 1492.

 

 

1)Santa Maria, 2)flagship, 3)La Gallega, 4)1492, 5)Juan de la Cosa, 6)three-masted carrack, 7)Portuguese, 8)merchant and military purposes, 9)the crew numbered 26, 10)Spanish

 

 

6.  Reading and speaking (work at the map)  (Mozabook).

     T: Christopher Columbus made 4 expeditions to the New World. Each expedition had its aim.

     Columbus was sure he had found a new water route to India. He didn’t know    

     that he had reached Americas.

   

T:  We are going to read about Columbus’ expeditions. Let’s remember some of the words you may come across in the text. (Mozabook)

To enslave, to invade, to convert into Christianity, to take revenge, supplies, cattle, indigenous, to be stranded on an island, trade, fleet

 

T: You will work in small groups. Look at your cards. The number of your group is written on the other side. Each group has a different text about one of the voyages of Christopher Columbus.

 Read the text quickly and write the necessary information in the table. What are you going to read about? What will you do after you read the text? Look at the table. Are there any unknown words? You’ve got 5 min

 

 

Read the text about one of the voyages of Columbus. Fill in the table with the information from the text.

The number of the voyage

The dates of the voyage

The number of ships and men

The aim of the voyage

The results of the voyage

 

T: Share the information about Columbus’ expedition with your classmates. Go to the white board. Show the route, write the dates and speak about the aim and the results. (Mozabook)

The number of the voyage	The dates of the voyage	The number of ships and men	The aim of the voyage	The results of the voyage
1         2         3       4	August 1492-1493       September 1493- 1496         May 1498- 1500       May 1502	3/90 men         17/ 1200           6       4	To find a direct water rout to India         Colonization and exploration project       To prove the existence of a continent to the South of Cape Verde   Final, explore the uncharted areas to the west of the Caribbean	Reached Bahamas, explored Cuba, established Navidad, Santa Maria shipwrecked     Explored Puerto Rico Jamaica, visited Navidad, started transatlantic slave trade   Explored South America, The Orinoco River, Venezuela   Explored Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama

 

7. Project work “Negative and Positive impacts of Columbus’ Expeditions”

T: Before 1492, the New World was cut off from the rest of the world. So, we can say that Columbus created a bridge between the Old World and the New World. But the voyages of Christopher Columbus had both positive and negative results.

T: Work in two groups. Group 1(the Old World) choose the words from the list which are associated with positive impacts. Group 2 (the New World) choose the words from the list which are associated with the negative results. Fill in the chart with the chosen words and be ready to speak about positive and negative results. You ‘ve got 5 min.

List of words:

Wheat, barley, measles, horses, cattle rice, sugar cane, smallpox, typhus, citrus, tomatoes, olives, avocadoes, tuberculosis, Polio, corn, peppers, plantations, mines, Syphilis. influenza peanuts, beans, conquistadors, vanilla, chili, gunpowder, sweet potatoes, pigs, cows, rats, sheep, donkeys, slaves, Encomienda, economic changes, steel, iron, Christianity, food exchange, tobacco, domestic animals, swords, guns, trade routes

Positive impact	Negative impact
Columbus improved food security for the Old World and the New World. During his expeditions such foods as Wheat, barley, rice, sugar cane, citrus, olives, wine grapes. were brought to the New World: Sweet potatoes, white potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts, beans, tobacco, peppers, cacao (chocolate) avocados, chili, vanilla, corn were taken back to the Old World. Corn and potatoes are the most important foods the Old World received.	For the native people Columbus’ explorations meant disaster.  People in Americas had no immunity to many European diseases: measles, smallpox, scarlet fever, typhus, influenza. Up to 90% of local population died. The sailors brought back such diseases as: Polio, syphilis, tuberculosis.
Domestic animals such as pigs, cows, sheep, donkeys and horses were brought from the Old World. Pigs, sheep were used for food and clothing. It was easier to grow animals for food than to hunt them. Cattle became an important source of food and could pull and lift heavy loads. With the help of horses people could travel faster and for longer distances. Domestic animals made life of indigenous people easier and better.	Columbus enslaved many native people. The first day he landed he enslaved 6 people because they would be “good slaves”.  He sent hundreds of Indians from the island of Hispaniola to Spain to be sold as slaves. Columbus started the system of “encomienda”, when Spanish conquistadors were given a land with indigenous settlements and people. The natives had to work for the conquistadors and they had to give them gold, food, animals or anything else the land produced.  The natives were made to work on plantations and mines.                Future explorers, searching for gold and  riches, killed or enslaved many people.
Columbus started some economic changes. New technologies were introduced to the New Word. The natives didn’t know about iron, steel, gunpowder. They didn’t see big ships, and didn’t use  swords, guns . The World trade started and new trade routes were founded.	The natives were converted to Christianity by force.

 

 

T: Because of the negative impacts of Columbus’ voyages many states don’t want to celebrate Columbus Day anymore. They celebrate The Day of the Race instead, which honors many different peoples of Latin America.

8. The end of the lesson

T: What new facts did you learn during the lesson?

     What information was the most interesting?

9. Home assignment.

 T: Watch the video about Columbus’ expeditions and do the quiz.

https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/why-the-us-celebrates-columbus-day

Be ready to speak about positive and negative impacts of Columbus’ voyages.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The First Voyage (1492 -1493)

The King and Queen of Spain agreed to give Christopher Columbus money for his voyage across the Atlantic Ocean.  Cristopher Columbus left Spain on August 3 1492, in command of 90 men and 3 ships: the Pinta, the Nina and the Santa Maria. The aim was to find a direct water route to Asia by sailing west.

It was a five-week voyage across the ocean. On October,12 a sailor aboard the Pinta first saw the land.

The land was a small island which Columbus named San Salvador. This island is now part of the Bahamas. Then he discovered Cuba and an island called Hispaniola. Columbus believed his fleet was in the Indies and named the people he met “Indians”. The natives were friendly and peaceful.

 On Christmas Day in 1492, Columbus’ ship, The Santa Maria, was shipwrecked. So, Columbus and his sailors built a fort. He called it Navidad (Spanish for “Christmas”). Columbus left 39 sailors there and ordered them to find gold. The Nina and The Pinta sailed back to Spain.

Columbus’ first voyage was a bit of a fiasco, as he lost one of the three ships and he did not bring back much gold. However, he brought back a group of indigenous people he had enslaved on the island of Hispaniola. Christopher Columbus was named “Admiral of the Seven Seas”.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Second Voyage (1493-1496)

The second voyage was a colonization and exploration project. On September 24,1493 Columbus left Spain with enough ships, supplies, and men to invade and make Spanish colonies in the New World. He had 17 ships and 1,200 men. These men were soldiers, farmers and priests. For the first time European domesticated animals were included on the voyage, such as pigs, horses and cattle.

The orders were to visit the fort on Hispaniola, convert the natives to Christianity, establish a trading post and continue the explorations.

On this voyage, Columbus explored the islands of Guadeloupe, Antigua, Puerto Rico, Jamaica.

Then he went back to the Navidad fort. But he found that the settlement had been destroyed and all his men were killed.

Columbus took revenge against the natives for killing his soldiers at Navidad. He made every native older 14 give him a certain amount of gold every three months. If they could not pay the gold, people were made into slaves.

In February 1495, Columbus started the transatlantic slave trade. 560 natives were shipped to Spain as slaves. About 200 died on the trip.

In 1496 supplies in the colony began to run out and Columbus decided to return to Spain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Third Voyage (1498-1500)

The aim of the third voyage was to prove the existence of a continent located to the southwest of the Cape Verde Islands.

On May 30, 1498, Columbus left with six ships from Spain for his third trip to the Americas. Three of the ships sailed directly to Hispaniola with much-needed supplies, while Columbus took the other three in an exploration of what might lie to the south of the Caribbean islands.

Columbus explored the Gulf of Paria which separates Trinidad from Venezuela. He also explored South America and the Orinoco River in Venezuela and the islands now called Tobago and Grenada.

On August 19,1498 Columbus returned to Hispaniola. He found that many of the Spanish people there were unhappy. They thought there would be more gold in the New World.  

Columbus tried to make the settlers happy by giving them land in Hispaniola. However, the people were not satisfied. In 1499, Queen Isabella sent a man named Francisco de Bobadilla to Hispaniola. She gave him the power to do whatever he thought he should do. When he arrived in 1500, the first thing he did was to have Columbus arrested and sent back to Spain in chains.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Fourth Voyage (1502-1504)

On May 11, 1502, Christopher Columbus set out on his fourth and final voyage to the New World. He had four old ships, 140 men and his mission was to explore uncharted areas to the west of the Caribbean. Columbus had strict orders from the king and the queen not to stop at Hispaniola.

 Columbus spent two months exploring the coasts of present-day Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. While there, Columbus and his crew traded for food and gold whenever possible. They studied several native cultures.

 Columbus explored parts of Central America, but his ships were damaged by a hurricane and termites. They fell apart while he was exploring. So, Columbus and his men were stranded on Jamaica for about a year. They returned to Spain in late 1504.

Columbus’ final voyage is famous primarily for the exploration along the cost of Central America. It is also of interest to historians, because of the descriptions of the native cultures met by Columbus’ small fleet.

The fourth voyage was not a success by almost any standard. Many of Columbus’ men died, his ships were lost, and no route to the west was ever found. Columbus never sailed again and when he died in 1506, he was sure that he had found Asia – even if most of Europe accepted the fact that the Americas were an unknown “New World”.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Read the text and fill in the gaps with the missing information.

 

 

Santa Maria,        flagship,      Spanish,     1492,        Juan de la Cosa,       La Gallega,        three-mastered carrack,        Portuguese,    merchant and military purposes,           the crew numbered 26

 

 

 

 The sailing ship 1) ____________ ____________ was the 2)___________ during Christopher Columbus’ first voyage. 3) _______________, that is, “The Galician”, was the original name of the ship that rose to fame through the landmark journey of 4) ________. The name probably originates in Galicia, Northern Spain, where the ship was built. The owner of the ship was 5) ____________________. It was a 6) _______________-____________ ______________, approximately 25 metres long and 8 metres wide with a cargo capacity of 180-240 tons. The squarish, capacious carrack is a 7) ____________ ship type that was used for both 8) ___________ ____________ ____________.

 

The deck consisted of several levels. During Columbus’ voyage, 9)_____________ ___________ _______ (including the discoverer of the New World and the owner).

 

Unfortunately, the Santa Maria, sailing under the 10) ___________ flag, did not survive world-famous journey. The ship ran aground near Haiti on Christmas day in 1492.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz “What do we know about Christopher Columbus?”

 

1. Where was Christopher Columbus born?

5. Italy
6. Spain
7. Portugal
8. France

2. When was he born?

5. 1351
6. 1451
7. 1551
8. 1651

3. The officials of what country helped Columbus to organize the expedition?

5. Italy
6. France
7. Portugal
8. Spain

4. Which ship did not belong to Columbus’ first expedition?

5. The Santa Maria
6. The Victoria
7. The Nina
8. The Pinta

5. How many voyages did Columbus make to the New World?

5. 2
6. 3
7. 4
8. 5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Positive results

Columbus improved food security for the Old and New world.

 

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

______________________________      were brought to the new world.

 

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________ 

________________________________    were taken to the Old world.

 

 

Domestic animals such as ___________________________________________________________________________________

 

_______________________________________________________________________were brought from the Old World.  They made the life of indigenous people easier. It was easier to grow animals for food and

clothing than to hunt them.           _________________________

 

could pull and lift heavy loads. With the help of ______________________ people could travel faster and

 for longer distances.   

New technologies were introduced to the New world. The natives didn’t know about ________________

 

_____________________________________________________________________________________.

 

The _____________________________ started and ________________________________________ were

founded.

 

Negative results

For the native people Columbus’ explorations meant disaster.  People in Americas didn’t have

 

__________________________________ to European diseases:    _________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________________.

 

90 % of local population died.

 

The sailors brought back such diseases as:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________.

 

Columbus enslaved many native people. He started the system of ________________________________.

 

Spanish _________________________________ were given a land with indigenous people who had to

 

work for them and give them gold food animals. The natives worked on ______________________

 

and _______________________________.

 

The natives were converted to __________________________________        by force.