Конференція "Видатні люди Великобританії"

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Посібник для використання на уроках англійської мови, позаурочних заходах при вивченні теми «Великобританія». Мета даного посібника – познайомити учнів з життям і творчістю видатних людей Великобританії, науковим та культурним надбанням країни. Посібник містить яскраві фото та матеріали про відомих представників країни. Матеріал може бути використаний як на уроках англійської мови, так і під час проведення різноманітних позаурочних заходів, сприятиме глибокому пізнанню учнями країни, мова якої вивчається.

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ВИДАТНІ ЛЮДИ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ

(посібник для використання на уроках англійської мови, позаурочних заходах при вивченні теми «Великобританія»)

Вчитель англійської мови

Полонської гімназії:

Гаврилюк М.М.

Великобританія славиться своїми поетами, письменниками, музикантами та вченими. Вона народила таких відомих людей, як Вільям Шекспір, Роберт Бернс, Чарльз Діккенс, Артур Конан Дойл, Олександр Белл, принцеса Діана, сер Шон Коннері, Джоан Роулінг та багато інших. Гурт "Бітлз" також був заснований у Великобританії.

Складається враження, що Великобританія зібрала в собі всі розуми і таланти: маса політиків, вчених, зірок і письменників народилися тут, залишивши величезний внесок у всесвітній історії. І багато відомих людей Великобританії внесли величезний вклад не тільки в розвиток цієї країни, а й в науку і культуру всього світу.

Dear participants, dear friends!

It is the biggest pleasure and honor having you among our participants!

We are very grateful for your interest, support and hard work in and throughout the conference.

The doors of Polonne gymnasia are always open for you and we are always glad to welcome you!

We`ve gathered here to hold a conference called Outstanding people of Great Britain. And look at the plan of today`s conference (presentation “Introduction”)

Famous writers and poets
Scientists who have changed the world
Prominent painters
Leading musicians
Famous People. Who are they?

And The motto of our conference will be

"The artist is nothing without the gift, but the gift is nothing without work."

- Emile Zola (1840-1902)

Great Britain made a great contribution to the science, literature, music and arts of the world. It gave mankind a lot of outstanding scientists, writers and poets, musicians and painters.

William Shakespeare, one of the most famous writers in the world. His plays “Romeo and Juliet”, “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”, “King Lear”, “Macbeth” were translated into almost every language and staged in every theatre.

Daniel Defoe, Robert Burns, Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll are only a few names well-known all over the world.

Sir Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable contributed to the world’s painting treasures.

Great Britain has also given the world many outstanding scientists. Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin was born in Scotland. His discovery of penicillin did more to help suffering people than anything else for centuries.

Ernest Rutherford, a famous English physicist worked in the field of radioactivity. He was one of the founders of the atomic theory of physics and creators of the first atomic model.

All of them considered hard labor and love for mankind to be the main reason of their success.

Great Britain is really proud of its famous writers and poets.

Let`s speak about them (presentation “Conan Doyle”)

And I’d like to tell you about A. Conan Doyle. He invented Sherlock Holmes, one of the most remarkable characters and detectives.

Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Scotland. He was a doctor. In 1882 he moved to England to set up his practice. One of the doctors he worked for, was the model for Dr. Watson. Conan Doyle’s medical knowledge was a great help in his detective stories. He started the fashion of the detective stories. Nowadays I don’t know a person who doesn’t like detective stories. We know a lot about Sherlock Holmes. We even know his address – 221 "B” Baker Street in London. If you go to London, you won’t find 221 "B” Baker Street. But instead, you can go to a pub called "The Sherlock Holmes” in Northumberland Street (near Trafalgar Square). In that pub there is a room like his room at 221 "B” Baker Street, as described in Conan Doyle’s stories. There is also the stuffed head of a hound. It is said to be the original "hound of the Baskervilles”. A lot of tourists visit this pub. When Conan Doyle began to get tired of writing detective stories, he "killed” Holmes in one of his stories. But the public didn’t like it. Conan Doyle had to write another story in which Holmes came back. So, we can say that Conan Doyle was a famous British writer. He became popular because of his love for people.

Agatha Christie is known all over the world as the Queen of Crime. She wrote 78 crime novels, 19 plays and 6 romantic novels under the name of Mary Westmacott. Her books have been translated into 103 foreign languages. She is the third best-selling author in the world. Many of her novels and short stories have been filmed. Agatha Christie was born at Torquay, Devonshire. She was educated at home and took singing lessons in Paris. She began writing at the end of the First World War. Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, was published in 1920. That was the first appearance of Hercule Poirot, who became one of the most popular private detectives since Sherlock Holmes. Agatha Christie became generally recognised in 1926, after the publishing of her novel The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. It's still considered her masterpiece. When Agatha Cristie got tired of Hercule Poirot she invented Miss Marple, an old lady with her own method of investigation. Agatha Christie's success with millions of readers lies in her ability to combine clever plots with excellent character drawing, and a keen sense of humour with great powers of observation. Agatha Christie's language is simple and good and it's pleasant to read her books in the original.

William Shakespeare (presentation “Shakespeare”) is one of the greatest and famous writers. He was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon. It was a small English town. His father wanted his son to be an educated person and William was sent to the local grammar school. When the boy studied at school, he had no free time. When he had a rest, William liked to go to the forest and to river Avon.

At that time actors and actresses visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch them. He was fond of their profession and he decided to become an actor.

Then he moved to London. There he became an actor. He began to write plays and play supporting roles. Shakespeare was both an actor and a playwright. In his works he described important and dramatic events of life. His plays were staged in many theatres, translated into many languages and they made Shakespeare a very popular person.

The most famous plays of the writer are "Othello", "King Lear", "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet". Shakespeare would be well known for his poetry alone. His sonnets, full of music and harmony, praise love, friendship and beauty. His poetry is at the summit of human achievement. William Shakespeare died in 1616. But his plays are popular now and millions of people admire them.

Robert Burns was born in 1759 in Alloway, South Ayrshire, Scotland, the eldest of the seven children of William Burnes. He had little regular schooling and got much of his education from his father, who taught his children reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, and history. The works of Alexander Pope, Henry Mackenzie and Laurence Sterne fired Burns's poetic impulse and relationships with the opposite sex provided his inspiration. Handsome Nell, for Nellie Kilpatrick, was his first song.

Hard physical labour on the family farm took its toll on the young Burns, who increasingly turned his attentions towards the passions of poetry, nature, drink and women which would characterise the rest of his life. At just 27, Burns had already become famous across the country with his poems. Newly hailed as the Ploughman Poet because his poems complemented the growing literary taste for romanticism and pastoral pleasures, Burns arrived in Edinburgh, where he had published most of the wealth of his poetry, in just 18 months.

He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is regarded as a pioneer of the Romantic movement. The poems and songs of Burns that remain well known across the world today include "A Red, Red Rose"; "A Man's A Man for A' That"; "To a Louse"; "To a Mouse"; "Tam o' Shanter"; and "Ae Fond Kiss".

Charles Dickens (presentation “Dickens”). One of the greatest writers of the school of novelists was Charles Dickens. He was born in 1812 in the family of a small government official in the city of Portsmouth. There Charles first went to school. Never a strong child, he could not join his friends in games or any sports. He spent most of his free time reading various books.

In 1821 the family moved to London where his father was soon ruined. His father was thrown into a debtor's prison called Marshalsea and the whole family went to live there. For many years the dark buildings of the Marshalsea prison were the family's home. Charles though only ten years of age had to leave school and begin a long and hard struggle with poverty. In order to help the family in some way he went to work at a blacking factory. He worked from early morning till late at night. He suffered there so much that years later when he was at the height of his fame he never spoke of the time spent at the factory without pain.

Many years passed before Charles returned to school. When he graduated from school he became a reporter on one of London's newspapers. He did his work so well that he was considered the best parliamentary reporter in London. The work of a reporter led him to journalism, and journalism led to novel-writing. In 1836 when only twenty-four years of age, Charles Dickens wrote his first book "Sketches by Boz". This book was followed by "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club" and in two years by "Oliver Twist". These novels brought him fame both in England and in other countries. From that time on Charles Dickens devoted himself to literature. His most famous novels are "Hard Times", "David Copperfield", "Domby and Son" and others. Charles Dickens died in 1870, at the age of fifty-eight. In his books he protested against social injustice in bourgeois society, the debtor's prisons and the ruthless exploitation of children.

Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre (1847), sister of Anne Bronte and Emily Bronte. The three sisters are almost as famous for their short, tragic lives as for their novels. In the past 40 years Charlotte Bronte's reputation has risen rapidly, and feminist criticism has done much to show that she was speaking up for oppressed women of every age.

Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, in the north of England, the daughter of an Anglican clergyman who moved with his family to Haworth amid the Yorkshire moors in 1820. After their mother and two eldest children died, Charlotte was left with her sisters Emily and Anne and brother Branwell to the care of their father, and their strict, religious aunt, Elisabeth Branwell. The children created imaginary kingdoms, which were built around Branwell's toy soldiers, and which inspired them to write continuing sagas about the fantasylands of Angria and Gondal.

Charlotte attended the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge in 1824. She returned home next year because of the harsh conditions. In 1831 she went to school at Roe Head, where she later worked as a teacher. However, she fell ill, suffered from melancholia, and gave up this post. Charlotte's attempts to earn her living as a governess were hindered by her disabling shyness, her ignorance of normal children, and her yearning to be with her sisters.

Branwell and Emily died in 1848 and Anne died the following year.

In 1854 Charlotte Bronte married her father's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls. She died during her pregnancy on March 31, 1855 in Haworth, Yorkshire. The Professor was posthumously published in 1857.

Tolkien (presentation “Tolkien”).

(Watching “The lord of the rings”)

Where is this scene from? Do you know anything about the author? “ If you’ve read both Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings, you can’t fail to notice how much Rowling draws upon Tolkien," writes Chris Mooney. There is definitely a Tolkien influence in her books.So let`s see who Tolkien is.

(Watching “Tolkien”)

II Great Britain has also given the world many outstanding scientists (presentation “Scientists”).

Ernest Rutherford, a famous English physicist worked in the field of radioactivity. He was one of the founders of the atomic theory of physics and creators of the first atomic model.

Charles Babbage - a British mathematician and inventor. Charles Babbage designed and built mechanical computing machines on principles that anticipated the modern electronic computers of today over 150 years ago.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. In 1877, he formed the Bell Telephone Company.

John Logie Baird was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first practical, publicly demonstrated television system, and also the world's first fully electronic colour television tube.

So, television, computing machines, telephone, what else? Do you know any more British Scientists?

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We are going to watch some videos. But before doing that let`s look through some unfamiliar words.

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(Watching “The discovery of penicillin”)

Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin was born in Scotland. His discovery of penicillin did more to help suffering people than anything else for centuries.

(Watching “The theory of evolution”)

Charles Darwin was best known for his theory of evolution. He wrote the book "the origin of species"

(Watching “Isaac Newton”)

Isaac Newton is best known for discovering the law of gravity, creating the field of calculus, and finding out that white light is composed of many colors. He is also really known for inventing three standard laws of motion, referred to as "Newton's Laws".

British Painting (presentation “British Painting”).

Our life seems to be impossible without art. It really occupies an important part in our daily life. Art offers us not only pleasure and amusement but it is also a vehicle of culture and education. Art penetrates into all spheres and sides of our life and makes it brighter, richer and more intellectual. People like and know different types of art. Some of them are fond of painting. Others have a special liking for music or they have a passion for literature. But all of us cant help admiring the canvases of such great British painters as Thomas Gainsborough, Van Dyck and etc.

There is a proverb:

Time is flying, art is forever.

Painting in Britain began to develop later than in other European countries. That's why some of the greatest foreign masters were attracted to England by the titles of nobility conferred upon them. Holbein, Antonio Mor, Rubens, Van Dyck were almost British painters during longer or shorter periods of their lives.

Who are the most famous British artists?

Answer:

17^th century:Van Dyck

18th century: Reynolds, Gainsborough, Hogarth,

19th cent.: Constable, Turner.

20th cent.: Henry Moore, Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud.

Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599 - 1641), who married the daughter of an English Lord and who died in London is considered to be the father of the English portrait school. He worked at the court of Karl I, was an extremely hard working painter. His most famous works are: his self portrait, «Portrait of the Man» and «Karl I».

But not until William Hogarth (1697 - 1764) do we find a painter truly English. Hogarth was the printers son, uneducated, but a curious observer of man and manners. His first work dates from 1730. Among his best works are «Captain Coram», «The Shrimp Girl», serial «Mode Marriage».

His pictures of social life brought him fame and position in the society. One of his serials “Mode Marriage” consists of 6 pictures. “The Marriage Contract” is the first.

Both fathers are siting to the right. One of them an earl is proudly pointing to his family tree. The other is reading the marriage contract. The Earls son is looking at himself with pleasure in looking glass. The daughter of the second man is playing with her wedding ring and listening to the complements of a young lawyer. The subject matter of the picture is the protest against marriage for money and vanity. Other pictures of this serial have the same subject matter.

Hogarth was sure that success came to him due to hard labor. He wrote “Genius is nothing , labor is diligence.”

Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723 - 1792) is one of the outstanding British portraitists, who had an important influence on his contemporaries. Within a short period of time he achieved a considerable success. In 1755, at the highest point of his career he painted 120 portraits. When, in 1768, the Royal Academy of Arts was founded, he naturally became its first president. In 1784 he became a principal painter of the King. He was a highly educated person, wonderful colorist. His colors are difficult to judge today, because they were not scientifically applied. That's why many of his paintings have cracked and faided. Among his best works are: «Cupid untiring the Zone of Venus» and «Mrs. Siddons». They are well-known all over the world. For 20 years he was the most prominent artist of his day even in the face of rising Gainsborough.

Thomas Gainsborough (1727 - 1788) succeeded brilliantly as a portrait painter. Society went to him for portraits. A good amateur violinist and a lover of drama, he was an artistic person by nature. Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough created a national type of the English portrait. His manner of painting differs from Reynolds. Thomas Gainsborough's portraits of actors, actresses and his close friends are famous. One of his greatest friends was Richard Sheridan, the dramatist, whose portrait belongs to one of the best pictures of this painter. Even in his portraits Thomas Gainsborough is an out-of-door painter. The backgrounds of his portraits are often well-observed country scenes. He was one of the first to be elected to the newly established London Academy of Arts. Thomas Gainsborough is acknowledge as an excellent women painter. “The Portrait of the Duchess de Befou”, ”Mrs. Siddons”, “Two Daughters” are among his best creatures.

His portraits are painted in clear tones in which blue and gray predominate. One of his best pictures is the famous “Blue boy”. His other masterpiece is “The Portrait of Duchess de Befou”.

Thomas Gainsbourough greatly influenced the English school of landscape painting. He was one of the first English artists who painted his native land. His delicate understanding of nature is especially felt in the pictures where he showed peasants. The best landscape of his are: “Watering Place” and “Harvest Wagon”. Both of them are exhibited in the National Gallery.

Among his other landscapes are: “The Sunset”, “The Market Card” and “The Cottage Door”. His great love for the countryside and his ability to show it made him an innovator in this field. He was the first English artist who painted his native countryside so sincerely.

Thomas Lawrence (1768 - 1839) was the painter of kings, princes, great diplomats and generals. All these are presented in large, full-dressed portraits, painted with elegance.

John Constable (1776 - 1837) is one of the most outstanding painters, who developed his own style of painting. He considered sketch, made directly from nature, the first task of a landscape painter. He introduced green into his painting: the green of trees, the green of summer, all the greens which until then other painters had refused to see. He made quick sketches based on his first impressions of natural beauties. John Constable used broken touches of color. His work is important as the beginning of the impressionist school.

He was a son of a wealthy miller. He began to take interest in landscape painting while he was at Dedham grammar school. His father didn't favor art as the profession and Constable as a boy worked almost secretly, painting in the cottage of the local plumber, who was an amateur painter by nature himself.In 1799 Constable entered the Royal Academy school in London.

In his paintings the artist showed the new altitude to the nature. He refused to learn works of famous landscape painters and decided to go to the country and to paint nature as he saw it.

Constable depicted nature in his own realistic way, he was the first artist who began to paint sketches which were as big as paintings. He was able to show the inside life of nature. John Constables innovation influenced greatly the development of French landscape painting.

Among his best landscapes are: “The Flatford Mill”, “A Farm in the Valley”, “Hay Wain”, “The Flatford Mill”, “Cottage door”, Dedham Valley”, “The Corn Field”, etc.

William Joseph Turner (1774 - 1851) was the greatest romantic, landscape and marine painter. He was a son of a fashionable barber, started drawing and painting at his early age. His father used to sell the boys drawings to his customers and in such a way he earned money for the boys learning of art. At 14 he entered the Royal Academy School. His water-colors were exhibited at the Royal Academy when he was only 15. At 18 he started his own studio and received a commission to make drawings for magazines. At the age of 27 he was elected as a Royal Academician. From that time his paintings became at great demand and brought good money. The last years of his life he spent in a little cottage at Chelsea.

He liked to watch the sunrise and sunset. And it is said, that only a hour before his death he had his chair wheeled to the window, so that he might look for the last time at the sun, shining upon the river.

During his life Turner created some hundreds of paintings and some thousands of water-colors and drawings. Some of his famous pictures are: “The Fighting Temeraire”, “Rain, Steam and Speed”, “Light and Color”, “Fisherman at Sea” and others.

The name of William Turner is famous above all other landscape painters.

So if portrait painting is one of the glories of English art, landscape is another: in both directions it rose to supreme highs.

Francis Bacon was born in Dublin on October 28, 1909. He left home at the age of 16, and after spending two years in Berlin and Paris he settled in London with the intention of establishing himself as an interior decorator and furniture designer. However, he soon gave up interior decorating for painting, in which he was self-taught. The few early paintings that survive (he destroyed most of them) show that he began as a late cubist and then turned to a form of surrealism based partly on Pablo Picasso's works.

IV. Leading musicians (presentation “Music”).

By the way, sometimes the Queen of the UK visits modern pop and rock concerts and deeply enjoys these performance

(Listening to the song “Yesterday”)

V. Famous People. Who are they?

The next quiz for you is about famous people of Great Britain. Listen to the following sentences and guess who these people are. Some of them were mentioned today ,and some of their pictures you can find here.

1.He was born in London in 1889. Later he lived in the USA. He was a film actor. He had a funny way of working. (Charlie Chaplin)

2.She was born in 1891. She wrote the 78 detective stories. She died in 1976. She was known as the Queen of Crime. (Agatha Christie)

3.A well known British Politician. She was the first woman Prime Minister of Britain. She was called “An Iron Lady”. (Margaret Thatcher)

4.A great English scientist. He studied many different kinds of plants and animals. He built up his own theory of evolution. (Charles Darwin)

5.He was a British flag officer famous for his participation in the Battle of Trafalgar, during which he lost his life. His monument stands in the centre of Trafalgar Square. (Horatio Nelson)

6.She is the Queen of sixteen independent countries and their territories. She holds the crown of each country separately, but she lives in the United Kingdom. She has reigned for nearly 60 years. (Queen Elizabeth II)

7.He lived in London at the beginning of the 11^th century. He became King of England. Many of his people lived in London too. But he was afraid of the English people of London and he built the White Tower to live in it.( William the Conqueror)