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Focus -4

I Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1 The author describes many different facets ______ life in southern India.

2 When faced ______ prejudice and intolerance, try to keep a cool head and argue rationally despite your anger.

3 Moaning won’t get you anywhere; you just need to get ______ with the work.

4 It’s reassuring to know there’s someone who will stand ______ you whatever happens.

5 Why don’t you stop trying to see the best ______ him and admit that he’s actually quite selfish?

II. Complete the sentences with the correct continuous forms of the verbs in brackets : Future Perfect (Simple), Past Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect (Simple), Future Continuous or Future Perfect Continuous.

1 He failed the exam even though he ________________ __________________ (prepare) for many months.

2 A year ago she was just one of many students, and now, she _________________________ (become) a star.

3 Emily is upset now but I’m sure in fifteen minutes she _________________________ (play) with the other children.

4 Could you phone me in two hours? I ________________ _________________ (finish) all the work by then and will have more time to talk to you.

5 In another five minutes we ________________________ ___________________ (walk) for three hours and there’s still no sign of the house. Are you sure we’re not lost?

III. Choose the correct option:

1 You could still _____ the competition next year.
A try     B be trying     C have tried

2 I’m afraid Peter _____ have written this essay himself. He doesn’t write such flawless French.
A can’t     B must     C may

3 They must _____ for a long time to achieve this level.
A be learning     B learn     C have been learning

4 He _____ a driving course next month.
A will probably start     B probably will start C will start probably

5 The test questions must _____ in a hurry. Some of them have more than one correct answer.
A have prepared     B have been prepared C be prepared

6 They _____ you to use your own laptop in the exam; it’s against the rules.
A definitely won’t allow     B won’t definitely allow C will definitely allow

7 I’m not sure about this instructor; she seems competent enough but _____ the right person to teach small children.
A can’t be     B may not be C might have been

8 These two responses to questions 1 and 2 are identical. One of the students must _____ from the other.
A have been copying     B be copying C have been copied

IV Choose the correct option: transitive or intransitive phrasal verbs

1 If we want to organise a barbecue for fifty people, we’d better _____.
A plan it ahead     B plan ahead     C plan ahead it

2 Our school has an unusually good canteen, and now they want to _____!
A close down     B close it down     C close down it

3 This pâté has gone off; you’d better _____.
A get rid it of     B get rid of it     C get it rid of

4 ‘What shall we have?’ ‘_____, I haven’t finished reading the menu yet.’
A Hang on     B Hang it on     C Hang on it

5 She’s got a bowl of apples in the kitchen and she ____ if she has to.
A snacks on     B snacks them on  C snacks on them

V. Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in CAPITALS.

1 The new gadget had some enthusiastic reviews, but it turned out to be a _____________ (COMMERCE) flop.

2 The objects displayed at the Technology Museum may look funny today, but they are all _____________ (MANIFEST) of human inventiveness and creativity.

3 I’ve been reading some online articles on how to _____________ (OPTIMAL) the performance of my PC.

4 This is _____________ (POTENTIAL) the most important invention of the last thirty years.

5 Despite the _____________ (PREDOMINANT) of digital media, some people still like sitting down with a printed newspaper.

Keys

I

 1 of: Facets of life are aspects of life.

2 with: When someone is faced with, for example, prejudice, they are forced to experience it

3 on: If someone gets on with the work, they devote their time to it in order to make progress.

4 by: To stand by someone means to be loyal to them and support them.

5 in: If someone sees the best in people, they try to concentrate on their good features, not the negative ones

II

1 had been preparing: The Past Perfect Continuous is used to describe a past activity that was in progress till the point when some other activity (expressed in the Past Simple, he failed the exam) happened; it’s used with a typical expression including for, for many months.

 2 has become: The Present Perfect (Simple) is used to describe an activity that happened in recent past and whose results are visible in the present (now).

3 will be playing: The Future Continuous is used to talk about an activity in progress at a certain point in the future (in fifteen minutes).

4 will have finished: The Future Perfect (Simple) is used to describe an activity that will be completed before a certain point in the future (used with a typical expression including by, by then).

5 will have been walking: The Future Perfect Continuous is used to describe a future activity that will be in progress for some time at the moment of speaking (in another five minutes) and won’t finish then (used with a typical expression including for, for three hours).

III

 1 A: could try denotes a possibility in the future (next year).

2   A: can’t have written – Deduction (near certainty) about a complete past activity.

3   C: must have been learning – Deduction (near certainty) about a past activity that lasted some time; a perfect continuous infinitive is used to stress duration; also, a typical expression for perfect structures including for is used, for a long time.

 4   A: will probably start – Prediction close to certainty (probably) about the future (next month).

 5   B: must have been prepared – Deduction (near certainty) about the past; the passive is used as the phrase test questions is not an active agent.

6   A: definitely won’t allow – Prediction close to certainty (definitely) about the future; the adverb definitely is placed before the contracted form won’t.

7   B: may not be – Speculation (possibility) about the present/future.

8    A: must have been copying – Deduction (near certainty) about a past activity which lasted some time; a perfect continuous infinitive is used to stress duration.

IV

1 B: plan it ahead is a transitive separable phrasal verb.

2 B: close it down is a transitive separable phrasal verb.

 3 B: get rid of it is a transitive inseparable phrasal verb.

 4 A: hang on is an intransitive phrasal verb.

 5 C: snacks on them is a transitive inseparable phrasal verb.

V

 1 commercial: ADJECTIVE – If something like a film, a play or some other product is a commercial flop, it is unsuccessful and doesn’t make a profit.

2 manifestations: NOUN – Manifestations are signs of something existing or happening.

3 optimise: VERB – To optimise something, for example, the performance of something, means to make it as good as possible.

4 potentially: ADVERB – It’s used to make the message less definite.

5 predominance: NOUN – It’s a situation when a person or a thing is the largest in number in a given set or area.