Методична розробка "Розвиток навичок аудіювання на уроках англійської мови в середній школі".

Розвиток навичок аудіювання на уроках англійської мови в середній школі.

     Аудіювання – слухання - розуміння усного мовлення. Під час навчання іноземної мови воно є как засобом, так і метою навчання. Аудіювання має першорядну роль у навчанні говоріння, адже говоріння неможливо без слухання. Систематичне слухання оригінальної мови сприяє вдосконаленню говоріння.

    Матеріальною основою аудіювання є аудіотекст. Він має свою композицію, структуру і смислову організацію. В середній школі використовуються в основному два види аудіотекстів – тексти-описи і фабульні тексти.

    В текстах-описах представлена сукупність ознак об’єктів і фактів, які об’єднані загальною темою. Логічні зв’язки між окремими фактами нестійкі, допускається їх перестановка. Через це в такому тексті не завжди легко виділити головне та другорядне, і розуміння тексту залежить переважно від суми зрозумілих фактів, які необхідно запам'ятати. Текст-опис складається головним чином з простих речень, іноді з однорідними членами. Варіативність синтаксичних структур обмежена. Іноді зустрічаються складні речення з метою вираження відношень зв’язку чи протиставлення. В кожному реченні описується, як правило, один факт.

    Визначною ознакою фабульних текстів є динамізм подій, дій та вчинків персонажів, що зумовлюються логічним інваріантом та означенням часу. В таких текстах легко виділити основне і другорядне. Між окремими фактами та епізодами існують логіко-смислові (часові, умовні і причинні) зв’язки. Розуміння загального смислу такого тексту неможливе без розуміння окремих фактів, проте воно не виводиться з їх суми, а вимагає переосмислення інформації, пов’язаної з фактами.

     Фабульні тексти відрізняються експліцитно вираженими смисловими зв’язками і відношеннями між окремими фактами. В них наявні складні синтаксичні конструкції, бо в них виражається головна і детальна інформація.

     Крім структурних ознак, зумовлених типологічними характеристиками аудіотекстів, останнім притаманні ще й мовні характеристики, які допомагають або утруднюють процес аудіювання. Це передусім неточна інтерпретація звучання слів, явища фонетичної редукції, асиміляція, злиття звуків. В лексичному аспекті виникають труднощі у зв’язку з особливостями сприйняття коротких і довгих слів та розходженням семантичних структур у двох мовах при полісемії. Стосовно граматичних особливостей слід мати на увазі незвичайний порядок слів, вставні звороти в реченнях, а також омофонію морфологічних і словотворчих суфіксів та флексій. Допомогти в аудіюванні тексту може перерозподіл синтаксичних позицій і можлива заміна складних морфологічних явищ.

     Основною вимогою до змісту аудіотекстів  слід вважати їх інформативність та цікаву фабулу. Градація труднощів смислового змісту може виражатися в переході від цікавих до інформативних текстів. Посильність забезпечується оптимальним поєднанням інформативності та надлишковості інформації в аудіотекстах.

     В практиці навчання іноземних мов тексти для аудіювання мають бути автентичними, доступними за змістом та мовним складом, короткими за тривалістю звучання, в основному монотематичними. Відбираються такі типи текстів:

•  Мовлення партнера у стандартних ситуаціях спілкування.
• Оголошення програм, прогнозу погоди (по радіо, телебаченню тощо).
• Фабульні тексти (розповіді, повідомлення, роздуми).

   

 

 

 

Тексти та завдання для аудіювання з англійської мови

 

5 клас

“A School Uniform”

      Mike Stones is an English schoolboy. He goes to school in London.

     When he goes to school he wears a white shirt and a tie with the colours of his school. He wears a school jacket. His jacket is blue, the colour of his school. He has got the school badge on the pocket of his jacket. He has got his school badge on his cap, too.

     Winter in England is not very cold. It does not snow much, but it often rains. Mike often wears a raincoat in winter.

 

    I. Write if the following statements are true or false.

1. Mike Stones is an American schoolboy.   

2. He goes to school in London.   

3. He wears a school jacket.   

4. His jacket is green.  

5. He has got the school badge on the pocket of his jacket.   

6. Winter in England is very cold.    

7. He often wears a coat in winter.

 

 II. Complete the following sentences choosing the right variant.

1. … is an English schoolboy.

a) Willy White; b) Mike Stones; c) Tom Brown.

2. He goes to school in … .

a) New York; b) Kyiv; c) London.

3. The colour of his school is … .

a)  blue; b) green; c) brown.

4. Winter in England is not very … .

a) warm; b) cold; c) hot.

5. Mike often wears …. in winter.

a) a raincoat; b) a coat; c) a jacket.

 

III. Answer the following questions choosing the right variant.

  1. Where does Mike go to school?

  a) Kyiv; b) New York; c) London.

  2.  What colour is his jacket?

  a)  blue; b) grey; c) brown.

  3. What has he got on his pocket?

  a) a flower; b) a handkerchief; c) a badge.

  4. What does Mike Jones often wear in winter?

  a) a coat; b) a raincoat; c) a jacket.

 

6 клас

“Primary Schools in England”

      In England schools have got names, not numbers. For example, schools have got names like Graveney School or Gedar Grove School.

     Primary schools teach children from 5 to 11 years old. The school year begins in September. Classes usually begin at nine. Pupils have got a glass of milk or a glass of orange juice at eleven. At half past eleven or at one o’clock they usually have got lunch: meat, pudding or a cake and juice.

     Pupils often sit on the carpet on the floor and listen to the teacher. Usully they have some pets in class: hamsters, rabbits, birds or fish. Teachers like to read or tell interesting stories. English pupils often play outdoors during breaks.

    

I. Write if the following statements are true or false.

1. In England schools have got numbers.      

2. Primary schools teach children from six to twelve years old.  

3. The school year begins in September.  

4. Classes usually begins at eight.  

5. At half past eleven or at one o’clock they usually have got lunch. 

6. Usually they have some pets in class.  

7. English pupils often stay at school during breaks.      

 

II. Complete the following sentences choosing the right variant.

1. In England schools have got … .

a) numbers; b) names;

2. The school year begins in … .

a) August; b) September; c) October

3. English pupils usually have lunch … .

a) at school; b) in the café; c) at home.

4. Pupils often listen to … at school.

a)  the teacher; b) the parents; c) the friends.

5. During breaks they often …

a) read books; b) listen to music;  c) play games.

 

III. Answer the following questions choosing the right variant.

1. From what age do primary schools teach children?

a) from 5 to 12 years old; b) from 5 to 11 years old; c) from 6 to 11 years old.

2. When do classes usually begin?

a) at nine o’clock; b) at half past eight; c) at eight o’clock.

3. Where do pupils often sit at school?

a) at the tables; b) on the carpet; c) at the desks.

4. What do they usually have in class?

a) some pets; b) some flowers;  c) some toys.

5. Who likes to tell interesting stories?

a) friends; b) teachers; c) pupils.

 

7 клас

“The King and the Pointer”

     Once there was a king, who liked to paint pictures, but his pictures were bad and nobody liked them. The people to whom the king showed his pictures were afraid of him, and they said that the pictures were good.

     One day the king showed the pictures to a great painter who lived in that country and said, “Tell me, what do you think of my pictures? Am I a good painter or not?”

     The painter looked at the king’s pictures and said, “My king, the pictures are bad and you will never be a good painter”.

     The king was very angry and sent the painter to prison.

     After two years, the king wanted to see the painter again. When the painter came, the king gave him a good dinner and said, “Now you are a free man and I am your friend. Look at my new pictures and say if you like them now.”

     The painter did not answer. He turned to the soldier who was in the room and said, “Take me back to prison.”

I. Choose the right answer.

1. Once there was a king, who liked … .

a) to read books; b) to paint pictures; c) to write poems

2. People said that the pictures were … .

a) good; b) bad; c) nice

3. One day the king showed the pictures to … .

a) a great writer; b) a great poet; c) a great painter

4. The king was very angry and sent the painter to … .

a) prison; b) colony; c) yard

5. The king wanted to see the painter again after… .

a) three years; b) two years; c) four years

6. When the painter came, the king gave him … .

a) a good book; b) a good picture; c) a good dinner

 

II. Say is the sentences are true or false.

1. Once there was a king who liked to paint pictures.

2. King’s pictures were good and everybody liked them.

3. One day the king showed the pictures to a great painter.

4. The king was very angry and sent the painter to prison.

5. After two years the king didn’t want to see the painter again.

 

III. Fill in the gaps.

1. _______ were afraid of him, and they said that the pictures were good.

2. One day the king showed the pictures to a great painter who lived in _______ .

3. The king was very angry and sent the painter to _______.

4. After two years the king wanted to see _________ again.

5. He turned to _________  who was in the room.

 

IV. Answer the questions.

1. Whom is this story about?

2. What did the king like to do?

3. Was he a good painter or not?

4. Who told him the truth about the pictures?

5. What did the king do with the painter?

 

8 клас

“British Newspapers and Magazines”

    The papers in Britain are divided into two groups – the quality papers and tabloids.

   The quality papers are large in size and have detailed articles about national and international events. The tabloids are smaller in size, have shorter articles and have more pictures. The articles in the tabloids are shorter and about less important events. Sometimes they are about private lives of well-known people. There are daily and Sunday papers. Sunday papers are larger than daily papers; they are national, and that means they can be bought all over Britain.

    Many papers and magazines are printed in colour, and a number of papers produce colour magazines as a part of Saturday and Sunday papers. They provide reading material about fashion, clothes, cooking, diet, house and home, motoring and holidays. They publish sections with articles on travel, food and wine, and other leisure topics.

    The great number of magazines are published for women. Their bright covers are designed to catch the eye, and they certainly succeed in doing so. There are magazines for motorists, farmers, gardeners, nurses, computer programmers and many others. There is always something to read.

 

I. Write if the following statements are true or false.

1. The papers in Britain are divided into three groups.   

2. The quality papers are small in size.  

3. The quality papers have detailed articles only about international events. 

4. The tabloids have shorter articles and have more pictures.  

5. The tabloids have articles about private lives of well-known people.

6. Many papers and magazines are printed in colour.   

7. The great number of magazines are published only for men.   

8. There are magazines for motorists, farmers, gardeners, nurses, computer programmers and many others.

 

II. Choose the right item.

1. The quality papers are … in size.  

a) large; b) small; c)medium.

2.  The tabloids are … in size.  

a) larger; b) smaller; c) different.

3. Sunday papers can be bought  … .

a) only in London; b) all over Britain; c) only in the villages.

4. A number of papers produce colour magazines as a part of ... .

a) Friday and Saturday papers; b) Sunday and Monday papers; c) Saturday and Sunday papers.

5. There are magazines for … .

a) children; b) housewives; c) computer programmers.

 

III. Fill in the gaps.

1. The papers in Britain are divided into _________ .

2. The quality papers have detailed articles about _______ .

3. The articles in the tabloids are about private lives of ________ .

4. Many papers and magazines are printed in ________ .

5. The great number of magazines are published for _______ .

 

IV. Answer the following questions choosing the right variant.

1. How many groups are the papers divided in Britain?

a) into two groups; b) into three groups; c) into four groups.

2. About what does British press provide reading material?

a) about new cars; b) about nature and animals; c) about cooking and diet.

3. What are the tabloids about?

a) the city’s attractions; b) private lives of well-known people; c) science achievements.

4. Where can Sunday papers be bought?

a) in different countries; b) all over Britain; c) only in the small towns.

5. For whom are the great number of magazines published?

a) for men; b) for tourists; c) for women.