The PRESENT PERFECT Tense Теперішній завершений час
Дія |
відбулася(завершилася) вже до моменту мовлення, а результат є важливим зараз ( already, not…yet, just, never, ever, up to now, often, seldom, recently, for, since ) |
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( + ) Positive senten. ( Affirmative form ) |
S + have + Ved(3) + [ ] I have already done [the work]. Я вже зробив роботу.
S(He, She, It) + has + Ved(3) + [ ]. He has often seen [her]. Він часто бачив її. |
Present PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE 1) теп. і мин. pазом: 1) лише минуле: I have lost the pen, so I lost my pen three I am writing with a days ago. pencil now. 2) новини: 2) деталі новин: A plane has crashed It came down in a in Yorkshire. a field outside York.
3) як багато…до тепер I have read 2 books this week.
4) від…до тепер ( since ) I have known Mary since 1980( up to now )
5) проміжок часу …до тепер ( for ) I have known Mary for 2 years ( up to now ).
6) був…( і вже повернувся ) ( been to ) I have been to Italy lots of times (and come back) 7) поїхав…( і все ще там ) ( gone to ) Where’s Tom? –He has gone to Italy.(and still there) |
( – ) Negative senten. ( Negative form) |
S + have not(haven’t) + Ved(3) + [ ]. I haven’t done [the work yet]. Я ще не зробив роботи.
S(He,She,It) + has not + Ved(3) + [ ]. (hasn’t) He hasn’t often seen [her]. Він не часто бачив її. |
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( ? ) Questions ( Interrogative form ) |
[W] + have + S + Ved(3) + [ ] ? [What] have you already done ? Що ти вже зробив ?
[W] + has + S(He,She,It) + Ved(3) ? [Whom] has he often seen ? Кого він часто бачив ?
Who has often seen her ? |