Презентація "DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE"

DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE

Sentence-усе речення від початку до кінця,може містити в собі багато Clause-ів.Речення бувають складносурядні,коли Clause-и не підпорядковуються одне одному,і складнопідрядні,відповідно. Clause- речення ,яке є частиною складного речення

Існує два типи підрядних означальних:

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES – Обмежувальні означальні речення містять інформацію, яка уточнює значення слова, до якого вони відносяться. Інформація в defining relative clause є необхідною,без нього речення матиме безглуздий вигляд.

Уточнюють значення слова:тільки ті, хто ще не зареєструвався Those who have not yet registered should do so at once. — Ті, хто ще не зареєструвався, має зробити це негайно

Обмежувальні означальні підрядні речення комами не виділяються.

The story John told us was true. - Історія, яку повідав нам Джон - правда. The students who were late were expelled Студентів, які запізнилися, не допустили до занять. She bought me a hat which is very nice. Вона купила мені дуже гарний капелюх. My brother who lives in London is twenty. Моєму брату, який живе у Лондоні, 20 років. У мене два (або більше) братів. Я уточнюю якому саме брату 20 років (тому, хто живе у Лондоні). Це речення – уточнююче/limited або defining. People who hunt illegally should be sent to prison

NON -DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES – ОПИСОВІ ОЗНАЧАЛЬНІ ПІДРЯДНІ РЕЧЕННЯ Містять додаткову інформацію, яку можна випустити без зміни зміста речення. Використовуються, щоб дати додаткову інформацію про людину або предмет:

Ann, who is my best friend, got married last week. Mr. Green, who is our best lawyer, is going to leave the company. (Нам відома людина, про яку ми говоримо, – Містер Грін. Той факт, що він кращий юрист, – додаткова інформація.) “That” як альтернатива для “who” і “which” не вживається.

Говорячи про компанії, можна вживати which або who: BMW, who control over 30 % of the European car market, are going to expand.

Описове означальне речення може стосуватися не тільки окремого слова, а й усього головного речення. Таке підрядне речення може вводитися лише сполучником «which». Стоїть воно завжди після головного речення: He never admits his mistakes, which is extremely annoying. Він ніколи не визнає своїх помилок, що дуже дратує.

Yesterday we visited the City Museum, which I'd never been to before. — Вчора ми ходили до міського музею, в якому ніколи раніше не були. Повідомляють додаткову інформацію про слово - музей Mr. Green, whose report you read yesterday, is our accountant. Містер Грін, чий звіт ви вчора читали, наш бухгалтер.

Описові означальні речення виділяються комами.

EXAMPLES - ПРИКЛАДИ: 1. There is only one Italian restaurant in town and it now has a new owner. The Italian restaurant, which is in Long Street, got a new owner. 2. There are many schools in Cape Town but only one that has afternoon lessons. We study at the only school in Cape Town which has afternoon lessons. 3. I am reading many books at the moment. Some of them are boring, but not the one I finished yesterday. The book which I finished yesterday was fantastic. 5. I have many cousins who live in various countries all over the world . My cousin who lives in New York is getting married next year. 6. I have only Asian friends. All my friends, who are Asian, came to my party. 7. There are many Italian restaurants all over town, but only the one in Long Street now has a new owner. The Italian restaurant in Long Street got a new owner

8. I was reading only one book and I finished it yesterday. The book, which I finished yesterday, was fantastic. 9. There is only one school in Cape Town and it has afternoon lessons, too. We study at the only school in Cape Town, which has afternoon lessons. 10. I have only one cousin. She now lives in New York. My cousin, who lives in New York, is getting married next year. 11. I have many friends, but only my Asian friends came to my party. All my friends who are Asian came to my party.

Test 1 (multiple choice): Relative clauses 1. Friends are people … close to us. a. who’s b. which are c. who is d. who are 2. Anyone…. scholastic record is above average can apply for the scholarship. a. has a b. whose c. who’sd. which

3. Nancy is a student …. a. whom I don’t have much confidence in her b. in whom I don’t have much confidence c. in which I don’t have much confidence d. I don’t have much confidence 4. Were you able to locate the person … wallet you found? a. which b. that c. whose d. that’s

5. Early morning is the only time … without being interrupted. a. that I can work on my book b. when I can work on my book c. at what I can work on my book d. when I can work on my book at 6. You are looking at a person … has just been accepted into Academy. a. whom b. who c. which d. whose

7. The government needs to establish more shelters to care for those … have homes. a. who doesn’t b. that doesn’t c. which don’t d. who don’t 8. I had to drive to the university to pick up my brother, … car wouldn’t start. a. which b. who’s c. whose d. that

9. I read a book about Picasso, … . a. is a Spanish painter b. which is a Spanish painter c. a Spanish painter d. that is a Spanish painter 10. All the students … do well in writing. a. whose Mr. White teaches b. that Mr. White teaches c. which Mr. White teaches d. Mr. White teaches

11. Have you seen the place … the graduation ceremony will be held? a. in what b. in which c. where d. that 12. There are twelve students in our English class, most of … speak English very well. a. whom b. who c. which d. those

13. Only people … interested in aviation will like this book. a. that is b. who are c. which are d. are 14. During our dinner Peter talked only about himself,… almost put us to sleep. a. which b. that he c. who d. that

Test 2 (multiple choice): Relative Clauses 1. Miss Kelly, ... is seventy, has just had her first vacation in Hawaii. a. that b. who c. which d. who’s 2. The President, … I’d never seen before, looked older than I had expected. a. who b. that c. which d. whom

3. The girl … was standing at the corner was unknown to me. a. – b. which c. whom d. who 4. The person … book I found called to get it. a. which b. whose c. of whom d. that

5. The scientists, all … were interested in volcanoes, watched the eruption. a. that b. of which c. those d. of whom 6. Many of the customers … they had maintained for years began to change. a. whom b. what c. which d. whose .

7. The ship stopped at an island … the man could get fresh food. a. on what b. that c. where d. which 8. They were friends … visited me several times during the month. a. which b. what c. who d. whom 9. They had to leave their homes, … was difficult for them. a. that b. which c. what d. because of it

10. Which sentence is correct? a. My father, being a scientist, studies volcanoes. b. My father, who is a scientist, studies volcanoes. c. My father who is a scientist studies volcanoes. d. Because of the fact he is a scientist, my father studies volcanoes. 11. The people, … had been travelling all day, were tired. a. that b. which c. who d. whom